第4課時ExtensiveReadingMatchthepeoplewiththeirachievementDaVinciDonQuixote

GalileoHamletCervantesFreeFallExperimentShakespeareMonaLisaCopernicusBirth:

February19,1473

Death:

May24,1543

PlaceofBirth:

Toruń,Poland

Career:

1491-1494StudiedmathematicsatKrakówAcademy

1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBologna

NicolasCopernicus1497

BeganobservationsoftheSun,Moon,andplanets1514

WroteCommentariolus,anoutlineofhisastronomicalideas,butdidnot

circulateitwidely

1543

PublishedDeRevolutionibusOrbiumCoelestium(OntheRevolutionsoftheCelestial)

哥白尼(NicolausCopernicus,1473-1543),波蘭天文學(xué)家、日心說創(chuàng)立者,近代天文學(xué)的奠基人。哥白尼經(jīng)過長期的天文觀測和研究,創(chuàng)立了更為科學(xué)的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)體系——日心說,從此否定了在西方統(tǒng)治達一千多年的地心說。日心說經(jīng)歷了艱苦的斗爭后,才為人們所接受,這是天文學(xué)上一次偉大的革命,不僅引起了人類宇宙觀的重大革新,而且從根本上動搖了歐洲中世紀宗教神學(xué)的理論支柱。“從此自然科學(xué)便開始從神學(xué)中解放出來”,“科學(xué)的發(fā)展從此便大踏步前進”（恩格斯《自然辯證法》）。哥白尼著有闡述日心說的《天體運行論》(1543年出版),由于受到時代的局限,在日心說中保留了所謂“完美的”圓形軌道等論點。其后開普勒建立行星運動三定律,牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律，以及行星光行差、視差相繼發(fā)現(xiàn),日心說遂建立在更加穩(wěn)固的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上。

WeallknowsomethingaboutCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetsgoesaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.Pre-readingCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheory

AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurch

wasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth.TReadthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.F3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.TF5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.FTReadcarefullyagainandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.BeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeEarthatitscentreAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeSunatitscentre

Analyzethefollowingpicturecarefullyandtrytoexplainhowaloopisformed.DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Samplewriting(P7)Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.

Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowwhetheryourideasarerightorwrong.

SoIhopeyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yourssincerely,(yourname)1).MaoZedongisthegreatleaderoftheChineseR_________.evolutionLanguagepoints1.Fillintheblanketswithproperwords.2).TheInventionofthecomputercausedar________inourwayofliving.evolution3).SunZhongsanisagreatr___________leader.4).YuanLongpingcreatedar___________newwayofgrowingrice.evolutionaryevolutionary2.leadto:toresultin導(dǎo)致Yourcarelessnesswillleadtothetroubleinthefuture.cigarettedeathaccidentlossmistakeresignscandalfireleadto1).tohaveaclearmeaning NomatterhowItriedtoreadit,thesentencedidn'tmakesense.Itmakessensetotakecareofyourhealth.2).plete;competea.Theyfoundthemselves__________withforeigncompaniesforashareofthemarket.b.Thebuildingtooktwoandahalfyearsto________.competingcomplete5.spinspunspinatopaspinningcoinaspinningwheelspunspinningWespanthecointoseewhowouldhavefirstturn.Ispunaroundtoseewhohadspoken.6.enthusiastic:beinterestedin

She’svery______________________singing.Weexplainourplan,andheisvery___________.enthusiasticabout/overenthusiasticenthusiasticenthusiasmenthusiasticallySheshowsboundless__________forthework.Shegreetedhim_____________withakiss.Sheisvery__________aboutEasternmusic.enthusiasmenthusiasticallyenthusiastic7.cautious:carefultoavoidrisk

becautiousabout/ofsb./sth.cautiouslyTheguardwarnedmetobecautiousaboutstrangers.Thebankisverycautiousaboutlendingmoney.Myfatherisaverycautiousdriver.銀行在貸款方面十分慎重。警衛(wèi)告戒我要當(dāng)心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常謹慎的司機。cautious;curiousa.I’vealwaysbeenvery_______aboutgivingmyaddresstostrangers.b.Heisvery_______abouttheoriginofmankind.cautiouscurious8.Ifyoudon’tlikeTom,youmayr_____hisgift.

Ifyoudon’tthinkthesuggestionissuitableforyou,youmayr____it.ejectejectrejectanofferapossibilityatheoryrefusetoacceptrejectedcandidateapplicant請選用方框內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Tomdreamedofjoiningthearmywhenhewasveryyoung.Hewasvery_______andmadeaplantostudyhard.Hewas__________abouttheplan.Butwhenhewasabout16,hegotabadillness.Becauseofthis,hewas________inhisstudiesandalsohewas_______bythearmy.backward;complete;enthusiastic;cautious;rejectcautiousenthusiasticbackwardrejectedHewassosadthathealmostfaintedatthenews.Hisparentssuggestedtohimthathehaveotherchoices.Thenhefollowedhisparents’adviceanddecidedtogotothewesttohelpthosepoorstudentsafterhe__________hisstudiesinthecollege.backward;complete;enthusiastic;cautious;rejectcompleted用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Thequarrelled__thefightingbetweenthetwovillagers.2.Heisalwayspositive_____tryingnewideas.3.Hisfatherisverystrict____himandstrict__hisstudiestoo.toaboutwithin4.Weshouldbaseourtheory__fact.5.Thephotocallsupthememoryofhischildhood__times.6.Accordingtomypoint__view,weshouldsticktoourplan.onatofReadingtaskonP44What’sEuler’spuzzle?Koningsbergisanislandandthereisariverbreakingitintotwoparts.“SevenBridgesofKonigsberg”andthefamous“Eulerpath”.Peoplewonderediftheycouldwalkaroundthecitybycrossingthesevenbridgeswithoutgoingoveranyofthemtwiceorgoingbackonhimself,butEulerfoundhecouldn’tcrossallthesevenones.ThisisEuler’spuzzle.

Thefirststage

inhisresearchistofindthepro