書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Thatstudentisdiscourteous;hegrumblesnomatterhowonetriestopleasehim.

問題1選項

A.giggles

B.scolds

C.complains

D.sneers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項giggle“咯咯地笑，傻笑”，B項scold“罵，責罵”，C項complain“抱怨，控訴”，D項sneer“嘲笑，冷笑”。句意：那個學生很無禮，不管別人怎么討好他，他總是發(fā)牢騷。根據(jù)句意可知，grumble在句中表示“發(fā)牢騷”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是C項。因此，該題選擇C項。

2.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

問題1選項

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞性從句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主語，因此用what引導名詞性從句并在句中作主語；that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分。

句意：在漫長的等待之后，輪到他進入人事經(jīng)理辦公室了。

3.不定項選擇題

Themarveloustelephoneandtelevisionnetworkthathasnowenmeshedthewholeworld,makingallmenneighbors,cannotbeextendedtospace.Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes―sometimeshours―ontheirjourney,becauseradioandlightwavestravelatthesamespeedof186,000milesasecond.

TwentyyearsfromnowyouwillbeabletolistentoafriendonMars,butthewordsyouhearwillhavelefthismouthatleastthreeminutesearlier,andyourreplywilltakeacorrespondingtimetoreachhim.Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.

Toaculturewhichhascometotakeinstantaneouscommunicationforgranted,aspartofverystructureofcivilizedlife,this“timebarrier”mayhaveaprofoundpsychologicalimpact.Itwillbeaperpetualreminderofuniversallawsandlimitationsagainstwhichnotallourtechnologycaneverprevail.Foritseemsascertainasanythingcanbethatnosignal—stilllessanymaterialobject―cannevertravelfasterthanlight.

Thevelocityoflightistheultimatespeedlimit,beingpartoftheverystructureofspaceandtime.Withinthenarrowconfinesofthesolarsystem,itwillnothandicapustooseverely.Attheworst,thesewillamounttotwentyhours―thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.

Itiswhenwemoveoutbeyondtheconfinesofthesolarsystemthatwecomefacetofacewithanaltogethernewgroupofcosmicreality.Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen―likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace.Thefirstisthespaceenclosingourneighboringworlds,theplanets,thesecondisthatwhichembracesthosedistantsuns,thestars,anditisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffairs.

Manyconservativescientists,shockedbythesecosmicgulfs,havedeniedthattheycaneverbecrossed.Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.Andagaintheyarewrong,fortheyhavefailedtograspthegreatlessonofourage—thatifsomethingispossibleintheory,andnofundamentalscientificlawsopposeitsrealization,thensoonerorlateritwillbeachieved.

Onedayweshalldiscoverareallyefficientmeansofpropellingourspacevehicles.Everytechnicaldeviceisalwaysdevelopedtoitslimitandtheultimatespeedforspaceshipsisthevelocityoflight.Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.Andtheneareststarwillbelessthanfiveyearsofvoyagingfromtheearth.

1.Forlighttotravelacrossthesolarsystem,itwilltake（）.

2.Thefactthatitwillneverbepossibletoconversewithsomeoneonanotherplanetshowsthat（）.

3.Confrontedwiththenewgroupofcosmicreality,manyeducatedmen（）.

4.Conservativescientistswhodenythatcosmicgulfscaneverbecrossedwill（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassage,readerscaninfer,intendstoshowthe（）.

問題1選項

A.ayear

B.nearlyaday

C.twomonths

D.thirtyminutes

問題2選項

A.certainuniversallawscannotbeprevailedagainst

B.noobjectcanevertravelfasterthanlight

C.westernculturehasaspecialideaofcommunication

D.radiomessagedonottravelfastenough

問題3選項

A.becomeignorantsavagesagain

B.findthe“timebarrier”unbearable

C.willnotcombinesolarandstellarspace

D.cannotadapttotheabruptchangeofscale

問題4選項

A.laughattheveryideasofflight

B.learnalessonastheydidtenyearsago

C.findspacetravelbeyondtheirreach

D.opposethefundamentalscientificlaws

問題5選項

A.limitationsofourtechnology

B.vastnessofthecosmicreality

C.prospectofplanetarytravel

D.psychologicalimpactoftimeandspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第四段中“...thesewillamounttotwentyhours—thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.這相當于20個小時——這是一個無線電信號跨越冥王星軌道所需的時間，冥王星是最外層的行星。”20小時幾乎一天，可知B項與原文相符。A項“一年”，與原文不符；B項“幾乎一天”；C項“兩個月”，與原文不符；D項“三十分鐘”，與原文不符，因此B選項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes—sometimeshours…和另一個星球上的人交談是不可能的。即使使用今天的無線電設備，發(fā)送信息也需要幾分鐘，有時甚至幾小時……”與第二段中“Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.在這種情況下，口頭信息的交換是可能的——但不是對話?！笨赏浦狣項與原文相符。A項“某些普遍的規(guī)律是不能被推翻的”，與原文不符；B項“沒有任何物體的速度能超過光速”，與原文不符；C項“西方文化有一種特殊的溝通觀念”，與原文不符；D項“無線電信息傳播不夠快”，因此D選項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第五段中“Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen—likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace…itisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffair.即使在今天，許多受過教育的人——就像那些能數(shù)到三，卻能把四以外的數(shù)字加在一起的野蠻人無法理解太陽和恒星空間的深刻區(qū)別一樣……它實際上要大幾百萬倍。陸地事務中沒有這樣突然的規(guī)模變化”，可推知D項與原文相符。A項“再次成為無知的野蠻人”，與原文不符；B項“發(fā)現(xiàn)‘時間障礙’難以忍受”，與原文不符；C項“將不會把太陽和恒星的空間結(jié)合起來”，與原文不符；D項“不能適應規(guī)模的突變”，因此D選項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第六段中“Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.有些人永遠學不會；那些六十年前嘲笑飛行的可能性，十年前嘲笑到行星上旅行的想法的人，現(xiàn)在相當肯定地認為恒星永遠超出我們的研究范圍?！笨芍狢項與原文相符。A項“嘲笑飛行的想法”，與原文不符；B項“像他們十年前那樣吸取教訓”，與原文不符；C項“發(fā)現(xiàn)他們無法進行太空旅行”；D項“反對基本的科學規(guī)律”，與原文不符，因此C選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.他們永遠不會達到這個目標，但他們會非常接近這個目標。”這個表述說明了作者對星際旅行充滿著期望，因此知C項正確。A項“我們技術(shù)的局限性”，與原文不符；B項“浩瀚的宇宙現(xiàn)實”，與原文不符；C項“星際旅行的前景”；D項“時間和空間的心理影響”，與原文不符，因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Possum’sUniversalRobots”.(Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrugery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMyriainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsarealityTheirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2004,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005InAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating（）.

2.Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT（）.

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner（）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten（）.

問題1選項

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobots

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilms

D.Theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

問題2選項

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

問題3選項

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeman

問題4選項

A.in2004

B.in2005

C.between2003and2004

D.between2004and2005

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.1.在第1段中，作者通過引用______來介紹他的主題。

A.theideaofhumanoidrobotsA.人形機器人的想法

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobotsB.卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機器人

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilmsC.好萊塢制作的機器人電影

D.theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobotsD.關于機器人的電影的起源和流行

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“類人機器人的想法并不新鮮。自從捷克作家卡爾?恰佩克在他1921年的戲劇《博森的全能機器人》中首次構(gòu)想出機器人以來，它們就一直是想象圖景的一部分。從那以后，好萊塢就這個主題制作了無數(shù)的變種，從弗里茨?朗的無聲杰作《大都會》中性感的FalseMyria，到《星球大戰(zhàn)》中冷酷的C3PO，再到《終結(jié)者》中冷酷的刺客。人形機器人已經(jīng)走進了我們的集體潛意識，為我們對未來的看法增添了色彩?！?，從中可知，作者通過講述與機器人有關的電影來引入自己所要講述的話題，即人形機器人，且舉例的電影有明顯的時間線，從首次構(gòu)想到人形機器人已經(jīng)走進了我們的集體潛意識。因此，該題選擇D項“關于機器人的電影的起源和流行”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“形人機器人的想法”，這是文章的主題，不符合題干，張冠李戴；

B項“卡爾?恰佩克創(chuàng)造的機器人”和C項“好萊塢制作的機器人電影”表述不夠全面，以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Sony’sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.2.除了______，索尼的QRIO可以執(zhí)行以下所有任務。

A.walkingeverywherefreelyA.自由地到處走

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeopleB.理解人們說的一些話

C.findingitswayC.尋路

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumblesD.在它跌倒后繼續(xù)走

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞Sony’sQRIO定位至第三段的描述：索尼的QRIO有2.5英尺高，比Asimo更小，更像玩具。它能走路，能聽懂少量的語音指令，還能自己導航。如果它摔倒了，它會站起來，重新回到原來的位置。它甚至可以無線連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，并廣播它的攝像頭眼睛看到的東西。從中可知，索尼公司的QRIO能走路，能理解少量指令，能獨立行走，摔倒后還能爬起來繼續(xù)行走。而A項“自由地到處走”中的everywhere表述太夸張，故該項不正確，但符合題意。故該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“理解人們說的一些話”、C項“尋路”和D項“在它跌倒后繼續(xù)走”都符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner______.3.從文章中我們可以推斷出豐田的合作伙伴______。

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobotsA.比任何其他機器人都好

B.isnomorethanamechanicdeviceB.只不過是一個機械裝置

C.maybeputintomassproductionC.會投入大量生產(chǎn)

D.mayspeaklikemanD.會像人一樣說話

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞Toyota’sPartner定位至倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“豐田希望在2010年之前推出這款機器人的商用版本”，從中可知，豐田將在2010年之前對這款機器人投入量產(chǎn)。故C項“會投入大量生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“比任何其他機器人都好”，文中并沒有將豐田的機器人與其他機器人進行比較，無中生有；

B項“只不過是一個機械裝置”和D項“會像人一樣說話”沒有提到，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.4.從上下文判斷，這篇文章可能寫于______。

A.in2004A.2004年

B.in2005B.2005年

C.between2003and2004C.2003年至2004年之間

D.between2004and2005D.2004年至2005年之間

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“本月，50個‘伙伴’機器人將在日本愛知舉行的2005年世博會上擔任導游”，從thismonth可推斷，本文可能寫于2005年。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“2004年”、C項“2003年至2004年之間”和D項“2004年至2005年之間”都不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

5.單選題

Weareinaneraofinformationprocession（）therearegreatopportunitiesforthosewhocanqualify.

問題1選項

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行詞為area，因此可得出后面的句子為缺少狀語的定語從句，即空格處應該填入關系副詞，相當于inanarea，故D項符合正確答案。句意：我們正處在信息隊列中，有無數(shù)的機會等著那些可勝任挑戰(zhàn)的人。

6.單選題

Ifadecisionistakenwithmajorityvoting,eachmemberstatecan,inspecialcases,（）itsparticularnationalinterests.

問題1選項

A.trigger

B.assert

C.foster

D.salute

【答案】B

【解析】trigger觸發(fā),引起；assert維護,主張；foster培養(yǎng)；salute致敬,行禮。句意：如果一個決策以多數(shù)票通過,那么在特殊情況下,每一個成員國都可以維護其各自的國家利益。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

Theyhadtheattemptto___Andersontothepresidency.

問題1選項

A.evolve

B.elevate

C.evoke

D.evince

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項evolve“發(fā)展；進化；使逐步形成；推斷出”；B選項elevate“提升；舉起；振奮情緒等；提升……的職位”；C選項evoke“引起，喚起；博得”；D選項evince“表明，表示”。句意：他們試圖___安德森當上總統(tǒng)。本句表示“試圖提升安德森當總統(tǒng)”。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Wehaven’tseenourneighborforoveraweek.They______onatripabroad.

問題1選項

A.couldgo

B.mustgo

C.mayhavegone

D.shouldhavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的使用。A選項could表示過去的時間會做某事；B選項must表示必須做某事，C選項mayhavedone表示對過去所發(fā)生動作的猜測，D選項shouldhavedone表示本應該做某事而沒做。句意：我們已經(jīng)一個多星期沒見到鄰居了。他們可能去國外旅行了。本句表示對過去動作的猜測。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Thechairmanmadea(n)（）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessofthemeeting.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.operational

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。intensive加強的，集中的；intermediate中間的，起媒介作用的；preliminary初步的；operational操作的，運行的。句意：主席在開始會議的主要工作之前作了初步發(fā)言。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Basicresearchisthecuttingofpathsthroughtheunknown.Asmostofusknowtoday,itisthepacesetterfortechnologyandtherawmaterialofinvention.

Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical,andthatonlywhenitbecomesamatterofindustrialdevelopmentdoesit“comedowntoearth.”Thisisafalsenotionanditsfalsitybecomesincreasinglyclearwithtime.Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.Notonlyarewefindingimportanttechnologicalapplicationformathematicalandscientificknowledgewhichwasformerlythoughtofasabstractand"useless,buttheadvanceoftechnologyhasbothgeneratednewproblemsinpurescienceandprovidednewtoolswithwhichsuchsciencecanbeadvancedmoreeffectively.Thedevelopmentofthetechniquesandhardwareforradarduringthewar,forexample,gavethephysicistandthechemistanewandrefinedtoolforinvestigatingthepropertiesofsolidsandofchemicalcompounds.Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.Similarly,thedevelopmentoflarge-scaleelectroniccomputershasledengineerstofindpracticalusesforsomeofthemost,abstruseand"impractical"branchesofhighermathematics,whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.Basicandappliedsciencetodayaredistinguishedlessbymethodandcontentthanbymotivation.Veryoftenindeed,thesamemancanbeboth“purescientist”and“engineer”asheworksondifferentproblemsorondifferentpartsofoneproblem.

Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.

Ifgraduateeducationaimsatmakingscientists,andifinquiryintowhatisunknownisthemovingprincipleofallscience,itisnotsurprisingthatexperienceofthiskindofinquiryshouldbeessentialingraduateeducation.Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohavehaditorarehavingitthemselves.Theapprenticescientistlearnsbestwhenhelearnsinanatmosphereofactiveresearchwork.Inallformsofscientificwork,aman'seffectivenessismultipliedwhenhehasthatdepthofunderstandingofhissubjectthatcomesonlywiththeexperienceofworkingataresearchproblem.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”.

Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.Fromthepointofviewofthegraduatestudent,theteachingandtheresearchofhisprofessor-areatthecrucialpointwhichdefinesthewhole,uniteD.Whathelearnsisnotoppositefromresearch;itisresearch.Ofcoursemanynecessarypartsofascientist'seducationhavelittletodowithresearch,andobviously,also,formanyprofessorstheremustbeagapbetweenteachingastandardgraduatecourseandworkingatone'sownproblems.Moreover,manygoodteachersmenwhokeepupwiththenewworkintheirsubjectandcommunicateitsmeaningclearlytotheirstudentsarenotthemselvesengagedinresearch.Yetweinsistonthecentralpoint,thewould-bescientistmustlearnwhatitisliketodoscience,andthiswhichisresearchisthemostimportantthinghecanbe“taught”.

Sofarwehavebeenarguingthatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.Whathappenswhenweturnthematteraround,andaskwhetherbasicresearchmustbecarriedononlyinconjunctionwithgraduateeducation?Heretheanswercannotbesocategorical.Thoughourgeneralconvictionisthatafundamentallyreciprocalrelationdoesexist,itisclearthatresearchofoutstandingqualityisoftencarriedoninisolationfromreachingandindeedquite,outsidetheuniversities.Whilethegreat,teacherofgraduatestudentsisalmostinvariablyaresearchmantoo,therearemanynotablescientistswhohaveaslittleaspossibletodowithteaching.First-rateindustrialandgovernmentallaboratorieswithcommitmentstospecificprogramsarenecessarilyseparatedinsomemeasurefromteachingofaconventionalsort.Thus,basicresearchcanbecarriedonwithoutmuchconnectiontograduateeducation.

Yetinthelongrunitisdangeroustoseparateresearchinanyfieldentirelyfromeducation.Thepoolofgraduatestudentsinouruniversitiesisthepoolfromwhichthescientistofthefuturemustcome.Theseyoungpeopledonoteasilystudywhatisnottaught;theydonotoftenlearnthemeaningofresearchwhichdoesnotexistintheirenvironment.Ascientificfieldwhichhasnoresearchlifeintheuniversitiesisatagravedisadvantageinrecruitingnewmembers.Aslearningandteachingrequireresearch,soresearch,intheend,cannotbesustainedwithoutteaching.Henceitisalwaysimportantforresearchinstallationstomaintaineffectiveconnectionswithstudents.

Thereisalsothefactthatinthewidersenseall-rate-researchlaboratoriesarepermeatedbyanatmosphereoflearning.Successfulresearchcanbedefined,indeed,aslearningwhathasnotbeentaughtbefore,andagoodscientistisconstantlylearningfromothers.Webelievethatresearch,learningandteachingaredeeplyconnectedprocesseswhichshouldkepttogetherwhereverpossible.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,basicresearch（）.

2.Ourscientificageischaracterizedby（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ascientistisone（）.

4.Indiscussingtherelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducationtheauthorthink（）.

5.Anapprenticescientistlearnsbetterinanatmosphereofresearchworkbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.isaimedatunderstandingandtherefore,isbasicallyabstractandtheoretical.

B.hasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics

C.givesusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalsocialsystems.

D.issometimeshardtodistinguishfromappliedscience.

問題2選項

A.thevanishingofbarriersbetweenpureandappliedsciences

B.thedisappearanceofdifferencesbetweenpureandappliedsciences

C.practicalapplicationsofsomeofthemostabstractandImpracticalbranchesscience

D.theinventionofnewandrefinedtoolsforinvestigationandresearch

問題3選項

A.whoisabletoparticipateinbasicresearchandworkontheunsolvedproblems

B.whoisabletodevelophisabilitiesinsolvingproblems

C.whoiscompetenttoshowtheprocessofresearchtoothers

D.whoiscapableofdoingallabove-mentioned

問題4選項

A.thatgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasuponteaching.

B.thatgraduatestudentslearnbetterwhentheyworkataresearchproblem

C.thatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch

D.thatgraduateeducationandresearchareinseparableanddependoneachother.

問題5選項

A.graduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.

B.manyprofessorsareengagedinresearchandthisisthemostimportantthingtheyteach.

C.whenapersonisdoingresearchhehasabetterunderstandingofthesubjecthelearningandthus,theeffectivenessisincreased

D.theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogethereverypossiblelevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。A選項可以定位到文章中“Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical.”中文翻譯為：因為基礎研究旨在理解而不是實際結(jié)果，所以，外行有時認為它完全是抽象的和理論性的?？芍狝選項錯誤；由B選項可以定位到文章中“Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.”中文翻譯為：相反，在基礎科學中廣泛使用這一工具，為電子領域的全新技術(shù)開辟了道路?！笨芍狟選項錯誤；由C選項可以定位到文章中“whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.”中文翻譯為：另一方面，對計算機技術(shù)的理解使我們對復雜的生物和社會系統(tǒng)的某些方面有了更深入的了解?？芍狢選項符合作者觀點；根據(jù)D選項可以定位到原文“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.”中文翻譯為：事實上，我們這個科學時代的一個顯著特點是，純科學和應用科學之間的障礙消失了。障礙消失不代表很難將基礎科學與應用科學之間區(qū)分開，故排除D選項。因此答案為C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞scientificage可定位到文章“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience”，中文翻譯為：事實上，我們這個科學時代的一個顯著特點是，純科學和應用科學之間的障礙消失了。因此A項“純科學與應用科學之間的障礙消失了”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文“Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.”，中文翻譯為：根據(jù)科學家這個詞，我們可以說他是適合于基礎研究、自主學習，發(fā)現(xiàn)并攻擊尚未解決的重大問題，而且向他人展示這一過程的本質(zhì)。簡而言之，科學家會在科學進步中奉獻一生并且盡最大能力去完成。因此，最佳答案為D項。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞therelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducation可以定位到原文“Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.”，中文翻譯為：研究生教育的過程和基礎研究的過程是各方面的共同努力。這兩種活動在各種情況下相互加強，每一種活動在沒有對方的情況下都會被削弱。以及“Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.”，中文翻譯為：研究生教育的過程就像“教學”一樣依賴于研究。事實上，兩者本質(zhì)上是不可分割的，它試圖把它們看作是不同或相反的活動形式，這是一個根本性的錯誤?？梢缘贸鯠項“研究生教育和研究是不可分割的并且互相依賴”為最佳答案。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文“Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohaveha