書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.填空題

Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreference

A

B

C

actuallyplaysforbrandloyalty.

D

【答案】Dfor改為in

【解析】【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】playaroleinsth.為固定搭配，其意思為“在……中起作用”，howbigarole到句尾的部分還原成一般陳述語序為tastepreferenceactuallyplaysabigroleinbrandloyalty，所以D部分應(yīng)為in。

【句意】因為口味是主觀問題，所以一般不會對食物進(jìn)行偏好測試。但由于兩大可樂公司——可口可樂和百事可樂的營銷非常激進(jìn)，我們想知道口味偏好在品牌忠誠度中到底起到了多大作用。

2.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

問題1選項

A.fiction

B.function

C.fraction

D.friction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)的事”；function“功能，職能”；fraction“小部分，少量”；friction“摩擦，沖突”。句意：我們只能察覺到被我們感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和聲音，而忽視了大部分。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.Itwillrainsoon.

B.It’srighttobeproposed.

C.Sheisworriedabouttheweather.

D.Tobesafe,they'dbetterstayathome.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Idon’tthinkyouneedtotakeanumbrella.

W:Itmightrain,bettersafethansorry.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說：bettersafethansorry，這是一句諺語，意思是“謹(jǐn)言慎行不吃虧，輕率莽撞必后悔”。

4.單選題

Itdidnottakelongforthecentralbankto（）theirfears.

問題1選項

A.soothe

B.snub

C.smear

D.sanctify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。soothe“使平靜，安慰，緩和”；snub“冷落，斥責(zé)”；smear“涂上，抹掉，誹謗”；sanctify“使神圣”。句意：銀行并沒有花費很長時間就緩解了人們的憂慮。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

問題1選項

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

問題2選項

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

問題3選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

問題4選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題5選項

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第一段第二三句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點是錯誤的。我們很幸運，因為在那里建立新的教育系統(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這句可知很多人都會認(rèn)為不發(fā)達(dá)國家要想獲得快速發(fā)展就的通過發(fā)展教育來達(dá)成，但事實是僅僅是新的教育體系發(fā)展起來都得需要經(jīng)歷兩到三代人的努力才能實現(xiàn)，達(dá)不到快速這個目標(biāo)，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案選D“被高估了”。

A選項“受到無端質(zhì)疑”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項“變成了偏見的受害者”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“通常被貶低”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段第三句話Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我們很幸運，因為在那里建立新的教育系統(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這里可知答案選B“需要幾代人的努力”；

A選項“需要足夠的勞動力”，第一段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”，這里只是提到人們會下意識的認(rèn)為要把教育放在第一位，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在貧窮國家，正規(guī)教育和經(jīng)濟增長之間的關(guān)系被經(jīng)濟學(xué)家和政治家們廣泛誤解”，這說的是經(jīng)濟學(xué)和政治學(xué)家的一種誤解，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)所以不選，這里屬于出處錯誤。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田的美國工廠的生產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了日本同行的95%左右”，從這里可以知道，雖然美國工人能夠達(dá)到日本工人95%的生產(chǎn)率但是日本工人的生產(chǎn)效率還是高一些的，所以C選項“日本的勞動力效率更高”。

A選項“美國的勞動力更有組織”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“日本的勞動力更有紀(jì)律性”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“美國勞動力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句話TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美國的勞動力被嘲笑為受教育程度低……”從這里可知，D選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一萬年前，當(dāng)我們的祖先還是獵人和采集者時，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間思考其他事情）”，這個“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的）”，此處說的就是教育的出現(xiàn)需要一個很重要的條件“時間”。因此C選項“當(dāng)人們有了足夠時間時”符合題意。

A選項“這是政府壓力的結(jié)果”來自于倒數(shù)第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不強迫）”，但是這并非說明政府壓迫是導(dǎo)致教育出現(xiàn)的原因，本段說的是“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系”，屬于偷換概念。

B選項“當(dāng)人們不再去打獵”同樣來自倒數(shù)第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但這里是說，由于需要尋找食物，才沒有時間去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打獵這個條件，屬于偷換概念。

D選項“教育先于更好的尋找食物的方法出現(xiàn)”來自倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有當(dāng)人類開始以更有效的方式獲取食物時，才有時間做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”應(yīng)先出現(xiàn)，才有教育的可能性，屬于曲解原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“隨著教育的改善，人類的生產(chǎn)力潛力也在增加。當(dāng)競爭環(huán)境推動我們的祖先發(fā)揮這種潛力時，他們反過來也能負(fù)擔(dān)得起更多的教育”，從這里可知，教育能夠提高生產(chǎn)力潛能，當(dāng)潛能被競爭激發(fā)出來生產(chǎn)率提高時，反過來又可以提高教育水平，所以答案選A選項“隨著提高的生產(chǎn)率而來”；

B選項“直接來自競爭環(huán)境的結(jié)果”，屬于反向干擾，競爭激發(fā)生產(chǎn)潛能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接參與教育的發(fā)展；

C選項“不依賴于經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對于先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)所要求的復(fù)雜的政治制度來說，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的條件），教育發(fā)展是依賴于復(fù)雜政治制度的必要不充分條件，所以說教育的發(fā)展不能推動政治的發(fā)展，而政治的發(fā)展可以推動教育的發(fā)展，從文章可以看出而政治的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，所以可以說教育的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，所以C選項錯誤；

D選項“無法承受政治變革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果沒有政治變革，窮國可能無法擺脫貧困陷阱，而政治變革只有通過更廣泛的正規(guī)教育才能實現(xiàn)），這里沒有提及政治變革對教育的影響只講看教育對政治變革的影響，所以D選項屬于曲意理解。

6.單選題

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

問題1選項

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息處理機比打字機好得多，因為它能使你更容易地輸入和編輯文本。

動詞辨析。Register登記，注冊;edit編輯，校對;propose建議，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

7.單選題

EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.

問題1選項

A.concerned

B.allured

C.connected

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國人關(guān)心自己的健康，選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Thefirestartedonthefirstfloorofthehospital______wereelderlyandweak.

問題1選項

A.manyofitspatients

B.manyofwhichpatients

C.manypatientsofwhom

D.manyofwhosepatients

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：大火從醫(yī)院的一樓開始蔓延，在一樓有許多年老體弱的病人。橫線到句尾部分是修飾firstfloor的定語從句，patients和firstfloor是所屬關(guān)系，用引導(dǎo)詞whose，D選項manyofwhosepatients符合題意。A選項中its不是引導(dǎo)詞，不引導(dǎo)從句；B選項中which不表示所屬關(guān)系；C選項中whom用在先行詞是人的情況。因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

問題1選項

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問題2選項

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問題3選項

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

問題4選項

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

問題5選項

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美國社會中，商業(yè)機構(gòu)比任何其他類型的組織都有更高的聲譽，包括政府）可知C選項“商業(yè)是美國人最關(guān)心的問題”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競爭本身不僅是好的，它也是美國其他基本價值觀如個人自由、機會平等和努力工作的保護手段）可知D選項“通過競爭”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理論上，如果一個企業(yè)試圖利用其客戶的不公平優(yōu)勢，它將輸給對其客戶更公平的競爭性企業(yè)。當(dāng)許多企業(yè)為了顧客的錢而競爭時，他們不能像對待下級或奴隸那樣對待他們）可知是從從企業(yè)與客戶兩個角度說明商業(yè)競爭的，因此選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人們常常將商業(yè)和政府進(jìn)行對比，一個具有競爭性，另一個具有壟斷性）可知A選項“其對權(quán)力的絕對控制”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（競爭成功通常被視為是美國人對基于家庭背景的社會等級的替代方式。因此，商業(yè)被視為是機會平等觀念的一種表達(dá)，而不是繼承特權(quán)的貴族觀念）可知B選項“在許多國家，成功往往取決于一個人的社會地位”符合題意。

10.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Writeacompositionofabout350wordsentitledAnOccupationthatCanBringMyCreativeDrivesandTechnicalKnowledgeintoFullPlay.

【答案】【略】

11.單選題

Standinginlinehasneverbeenapopularactivity,buttodayitseemsthatAmericansarelikelytobemoreimpatientaboutwaitinginlinethantheyhavebeenin20years.AccordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades.Withleisuretimemorevaluable,theopportunitycostofwaitinginlinesismuchhigher.

Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice.Bykeepingcustomerswaitingbusinessesmaybelosingcustomers.Theyarefindingthatpeoplewillchooseoneestablishmentoveranotherbecauseshorterlines.Asaresult,businessesarefocusingontheirmarketingeffortsonwhatmarketerscalltimeutility-providingproductsandservicesinwaysthatdonotconsumevaluabletimeorprovidingvaluestooffsetthetimelosses.Whenthemultiple-linesapproachisusedinbanksandstores,peoplegetfrustratedbecausetheyoftenfindthemselvesintheslowestline.Singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations.Customerscanlineupbehindthetellerorclerkortheirchoice;orinonelinethatallowsthefirstpersoninlinetogotothenextavailableserver-calledasingle-serverline.Asaresult,mosttypesofbusinessesinwhichseveralservicepeoplehandlecustomershaveswitchedtothesingle-serverline.

Firmshavetriedseveralotherapproachestodealingwithlines.ChemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5.HospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill.TheManhattanSavingsBankoffersliveentertainmentduringnoontimebankinghours.Somehotelsandofficebuildingshavemirrorsontheirelevatordoorsinanattempttodistractpeoplewhilewaiting.

Sometimesjusttellingpeoplehowlongtheyhavetowaitcheersthemup.Disneylandhashadtolearntocomfortthoseinline,sinceapopularattractionlikeStarTourscanattractasmanyas1,800peopleinaline.Likemanyamusementparks,Disneylandprovidedentertainmentforthosestandinginline,butitalsogivespeopleupdates,intheformofsigns,noting“fromthispoint,onthewaitis30minutes'Distractionssuchasthesecanhelppeopleforgethowtheycouldbespendingtheirtimeiftheyweren’twaitinginline.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthisessay?

2.Whatisthemainideaoftheentireessay?

3.Peopleprefersingle-serverlinesbecause（）.

4.Wecaninferfromtheessaythat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalse?

問題1選項

A.PreciousLeisureTime.

B.Single-serverLine.

C.NoWaitingGuarantee.

D.TheOpportunityCostofWaiting.

問題2選項

A.Peoplearemoreimpatientthantheyusedtobebecausetheyhavelessleisuretime.

B.Businessestrytoattractcustomersbydecreasingwaitingtime.

C.Timecanbeconsideredpartoftheopportunitycostofaproductorservice.

D.Banks,storesandotherbusinesseshaveintroducedsingle-serverlinesandentertainmentforcustomerswaitinginline.

問題3選項

A.theymovequicker

B.theyoffermoredistractions

C.theyreducefrustrations

D.theyaddvariances

問題4選項

A.peoplejudgeaproductonitsfullopportunitycostincludingtime

B.marketersdonotfindeffectiveapproachestodealingwithtime

C.mostpeoplearepatientwhentheylineforanamusementprogram

D.mostpeopledonotcarefortheentertainmentprogramofferedbythebusinesseswhentheyarewaitinginlonglines

問題5選項

A.Americans’leisuretimehasshrunken37percentinthelasttwodecades.

B.AtChemicalBankcustomerswhohadtowaitmorethansevenminutesweregiven$5.

C.Somehospitalemergencyroomsoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee.

D.Disneylandhadtocheerupthepeoplewaitinginlonglinesforsomepopularattractions,butnottothecustomers'satisfaction.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到美國人的休閑時間越來越寶貴，排隊等候所費的成本越來越高。在接下來的段落里，作者著重說明商家是如何采取措施來解決排隊費時間的問題，向消費者提供費時少的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。因此可以推斷出全文是在講排隊等候的機會成本，所以選項D符合題意。

第2題:根據(jù)第1題可知，選項C“時間被認(rèn)為是產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)的機會成本的一部分”符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段提到人們不喜歡多行的隊伍，這樣會讓他們沮喪，而singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations，單行隊伍能夠減少人們的沮喪。選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章第二段第一句話提到商家意識到人們在機會成本的基礎(chǔ)上選擇商品不僅僅是因為產(chǎn)品的服務(wù)或者質(zhì)量（Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice）。之后舉了商家向人們提供不費時間的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的例子，由此可知，人們在選擇商品時，時間成本也是其中需要考慮的因素之一。選項A符合題意。

第5題:文章第一段第二句話accordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades，排除選項A；文章第三段第二句話chemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5，排除選項B；第三段第三句話hospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill，排除選項C。所以選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

ThemysteriousspokesinSaturn's（土星）ringsmaybecreatedbymassivethunderstormsintheplanet’satmosphere.Ifthetheoryisright,thesefaintfeaturesarethesignatureofawesomeevents:lightningstrokesaretenthousandtimesmoreenergeticthanthoseonEarthreleasingbeamsofelectronsthatsurgeupfromSaturnssurfacetowhack（重?fù)簦﹊ntotheringsandblastoutjetsofelectricallychargeddust.

Theidea,proposedbyGeraintJonesoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforSolarSystemResearchinKatlenburg-Lindau,Germany,andhiscolleaguesinGeophysicalResearchLetters,remainsspeculative.Noonehaseverseenstorm-inducedelectronbeamsonSaturn.Buttheresearcherssaythatthetheorywouldexplainsomepuzzlingfeaturesofthespokes,andthatitfitswithwhatisknownabouttheeffectsofthunderstormsonEarth.

ThespokesofSaturn’sringswerefirstdiscoveredbytheVoyagerIandIIspacecraftwhentheypassedclosetothegasgiantplanetin1980and1981.Thespokesare“averycomplexphenomenon,andadifficultthingtountangle”,saysCarolynPorcooftheSpaceScienceInstituteinBoulder,Colorado,whowasthefirstpersontoworkonthesemysteriousfeaturesbackintheVoyagerdays.

Thespokesappearasbrightordarkstreaksabout100kmwideandupto20,000kmlongthatcrosstherings,makingthemlookasthoughtheyhavebeensmearedbyagiantfinger.Theyaretransient,buildingupoveraperiodofafewhoursandthendisappearingagainseveralhourslater.Andtheyaren’talwaysthereatall:between1998and2004,whenNASA’sCassinispacecraftreachedtheplanet,therewasnosignofany.SpokesreappearedinSeptember2005,whenCassinitooksnapshotsofthem.

Researchersagreethatthespokesaremadeofdustgrainsthathavebecomeelectricallychargedandarepushedupoutoftheringsinlongstreamersbyelectrostaticrepulsion（靜電排斥）.Buttheydon’tknowwhatcausesthecharging.

Onetheoryisthatthishappenswhenmeteoritesplowintotheringsandwhipupacloudofchargedplasma（等離子區(qū)），whichthenchargesuptherings’dustparticles.Butthis,saysJones,can’texplainwhythespokesbuildupgraduallyit’simplausible（難信的）thatseveralmeteoriteswouldstriketheringsinthesameplaceinclosesuccession.

AnalternativeexplanationisbasedonthewaythatthunderstormsonEarthcangenerateelectronbeamsintheupperatmosphere.Whileregularlightningboltstravelbetweencloudsandthegroundbelow,high-energyparticlesstreamingfromspacecalledcosmicrayscantriggerelectrondischargesabovetheclouds.TheseelectronsstreamoutwardsintospacealongthefieldlinesoftheEarth’magneticfield.Thiscanproduceflashesofgammaraysaswellasglowingatmosphericfeaturescalledsprites.

ThunderstormsarealsoknowntohappenwithinthethickatmosphereofSaturn,andJonesandcolleaguessaythatthe