2018年5月翻譯資格二級(jí)英語口譯實(shí)務(wù)真題英譯漢Passage1亞洲國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)Ladiesandgentlemen,todaytherearemorethan95%oftheAsiancountriesthataremiddleincomecountries,comparedtolessthan10%twentyyearsago.SuchdrasticchangeisduetotherapideconomicgrowthofChina,India,IndonesiaandotherAsiancountries.NowthechallengefacedbyAsia,aregionthatislargelymiddle-incomecountriesishowtotransitionintohighincomeeconomies.Theexperienceofotherdevelopingnationsforthepast50yearshasshownthat,suchtransitionisnoteasy.BrazilandColumbiahaveremainedatthemiddleincomestatusfordecadesandnevermovedupfurther.Atthesametime,Singaporehastransitionedfromthemiddleincomeleveltohighincomelevelinonly25yearshasalsoshownthatthiscanbedone.Investmentininfrastructureiskeytocountriestofollowthroughthistransition.However,countrieshavetostepuptheireffortsinproductivitypromotion,meaningthatithastomakesurethegooduseofinputinsteadofonlyfocusingtheamountofinput.Forthepast10yearsproductivitygrowthaccountedfor30%ofeconomicgrowth.Innovationiswhatneedstobepromotedtogetherwithhigh-qualityinfrastructureaswellashumancapital.Innovationisgettingmoreandmoreimportantasacountrydevelopsitseconomy.Ithelpswithcreatingnewproductsandmorevaluesinproducts,inturnwillevenfurthereconomicdevelopmentandincreasewagelevel.Higherqualityofhumancapitalmeansmoreskilledandmoreknowledgeableworkforce,whichisthefoundationofanyeconomy.Enhancingthequalityofhumancapitalisgoingtoboostgrowthandequity.Arecentstudyhasshownthat20%increaseinhumancapitalinvestmentwillleadto3%ofproductivitygrowthandnarrowingtheincomegapby4%.Workersinmiddleincomecountrieshaveanaverageofsixyearsofschooling.Thatiswhycountriesneedtoclosesuchgapcomparedto10yearsofaverageschoolinginhighincomecountries.Qualityofeducationisevenmorecrucial.Inmathandsciencesubjects15yearoldstudentsinhighincomecountriesaredoingmuchbetterthanthoseinmiddleincomecountries.Studentswithstrongabilitiesinreadingwritingandproblem-solvingaremorelikelytobecomethefutureinnovators.SurveyalsoshowsadirectrelationbetweeninvestmentsmadeineducationandgrowthinGDP.Differentcountriesprioritizedifferentinfrastructure.Lowincomecountriesoftenneedtomeetthebasicneedssuchaswatersupplypublichealthandtransportation.Oncecountriesdevelopevenfurther,theyneedtofocusonelectricityandITinfrastructure.Itisakeydrivertoinnovationbecauseithelpscreateandspreadknowledge.MiddleincomecountrieswithmoreInternetusersaremoreinnovativethanthosewithouttheinternet.IncreasinginvestmentinITisgoingtoboostinnovationandproductivity.Toencourageinnovationandentrepreneurship,countrieshavetostepupeffortsinintellectualpropertyprotectionaswellastheruleoflaw,increasedfinancingandcreatedequalpoliciestoboostcompetition.Accordingtoestimation,aboutUS$26trillionwillbespentfrom2016to2030oninfrastructureinvestment,inordertolowertheimpactofclimatechange.Tomeetthisneed,Asiancountriesneedtocarryouttaxreform,changetheireconomicstructureandborrowprudently.Buttheytendtofaceafundingshortageanyway.ThatiswhyAsiancountrieshavetoattractmoreprivateinvestmentandbuildabetterinvestmentenvironmentworkingwithprivateinvestorsandofferahigherreturn.Toconclude,IbelieveAsiancountrieshavecomesofarsoquickly,Thepromotionofhumancapitaltoachievesustainedgrowthcanbedone.Thatisgoingtobethenaturalnextstepforus.英譯漢passage2人工智能發(fā)展趨勢(shì)TodayIwouldliketotalkabouttechnologyandwheretechnologyisgoing.Themajortrendfortechnologyisthatitisgettingsmarterandsmarter,whichIcallartificialintelligence,AI.TheuseofAIincludesrobotsthataregoingtoundertakealotofthetasksthathumanusedtodo.Itisgoingtoredefinejobsandcreatemoretasksthatwehadnoideaexist.Thisisgoingtobringdrasticchangestosocietyforthenext20years.OfcoursewealreadyhaveAIrightnowandtheyareworkingatthebackgroundAIshaveeyesinthehospitaldiagnosingX-raysbetterthanhumandoctors.AIshaveeyesatthebackofficesoflawfirmsprocessinglegalevidencebetterthanhumanlawyers.Forpilotstheyonlyworkfor7to8minuteswhenflyingaplanebecauseAIisdoingtherestofthework.WealsohaveAmazonandAlibabathatprovidesmartrecommendationswithAIsatthebackoffices.AlphaGoalsodefeatedtheworld'sGochampion.WhenweplayvideogamesweareplayingagainstAIs.NowwhatGoogleisdoingistryingtoteachAIshowtoplayvideogames.Andwithsuchlearningmechanisms,AIwasgettingsmarterandsmarter.Therearetwoaspectsthatisnottrulyappreciatedbyhumans.Thefirstisthathumansdonotreallyunderstandtheconceptofintelligence.Humanstendtohavethesingledimensionalunderstanding,thinkingthatIQistheonlywayofshowingintelligence.Forexamplearatistheleastsmart,amonkeyisbetter.Thenanaveragepersonsuchasmeassmarterthanamonkeybutnotsmarterthanagenius.Suchunderstandingofintelligenceiscompletelywrong.Humanintelligenceislikeasymphony,infact,it'slikedifferentinstrumentsplayingtogether.Secondly,AIwasthetechnologyleadingthesecondindustrialrevolution.Firstindustrialrevolutionreliedonartificialforce.Beforetheagriculturalrevolution,allworkwasdonebyhumanmuscleoranimalforce.Itisextremelyimportantthatduringthefirstagriculturerevolutionweutilizedsteamandfossilfuelstopowerproductivity.Thatiswhywhenwedriveacartodayitisusingtheforceof250horses,thatis,250horsepower.Artificialforceiswhathelpsustobuildskyscrapersandproducemassiveproductsinfactoriesthatcannotbedonebyhumans.Artificialforcescanalsogothroughwiresandgrid,Connectinghomes,factories,andfarmlands,thatisofferedtoeveryonetobuy.Andthesmartnessofartificialintelligenceismultipliedby1milliontimespowerstheSecondIndustrialRevolution.Thatiswhythecarsonthehighwaywith250horsepowerisgoingtobeautomatedinthefuture.AndAIwillbedeveloped,justaselectricitytothegrid,onthecloud.漢譯英Passage1中國(guó)新四大發(fā)明2000年前，中國(guó)發(fā)明了指南針、火藥、造紙術(shù)、以及印刷術(shù)，這四大發(fā)明推動(dòng)了人類文明的進(jìn)步。自改革開放以來，世界也在見證著中國(guó)的高速發(fā)展和變化，并出現(xiàn)了新的四大發(fā)明——高鐵、手機(jī)支付、共享單車以及網(wǎng)上購物。中國(guó)的高鐵正處于世界的領(lǐng)先地位，中國(guó)僅用了10年的時(shí)間，高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)便已覆蓋全國(guó)，橫跨長(zhǎng)度達(dá)2.2萬公里，占世界高鐵總長(zhǎng)度的65%。從首都北京到最大的都市上海，高鐵長(zhǎng)達(dá)1300公里，時(shí)速350公里，票價(jià)僅僅相當(dāng)于70歐元，這深刻的改變了中國(guó)人們的出行方式。在中國(guó)，不論身處何方，都可以運(yùn)用手機(jī)進(jìn)行支付，給人們的生活帶來了巨大的便利。無論是打車、購物還是看電影，都可以用手機(jī)支付。目前，中國(guó)已經(jīng)有四億人口在使用手機(jī)支付，交易金額高達(dá)5.5萬億元。中國(guó)已經(jīng)逐漸進(jìn)入了無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，并且在技術(shù)處于世界各國(guó)當(dāng)中的最先進(jìn)水平。近幾年來，共享單車發(fā)展迅猛。無論是大小城市任何角落，你都可以看到共享單車的身影?？梢栽谌我獾攸c(diǎn)使用，并在任意地點(diǎn)歸還。只要下載手機(jī)客戶端，就可以解鎖單車，并且可以用手機(jī)進(jìn)行支付。共享單車的出現(xiàn)有更好的促進(jìn)人們健康出行。網(wǎng)上購物你改變了人們的購物方式。如今在中國(guó)有5億人口在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行購物，貿(mào)易量達(dá)27萬億，占全球電商貿(mào)易額的40%。購買的商品將會(huì)在當(dāng)