書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南商務職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項fellout“掉落；爭吵”；D選項fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因為她上大學的計劃在最后一刻______。根據語境，這里上大學的計劃不能實施，A選項fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Allthepartsofthismodelofautomobileare（

）,sothatyoucaneasilyreplacethemeverywhere.

問題1選項

A.modernized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.normalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。modernize“使現代化”；standardize“使標準化；用標準檢驗”；mechanize“使機械化”；normalize“使變得正常”。句意：這種型號的汽車的所有部件都是標準化的，所以你可以很容易到處更換。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

RussianwomenhadtowearprotectivemasksastheywalkedinMoscow,whichwas（）byaheavysmogyesterday.

問題1選項

A.shrouded

B.unveiled

C.decayed

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。shrouded“遮蔽”；unveiled“除去面紗”；decayed“衰退；腐敗”；deprived“剝奪；喪失”，根據句子結構可知which引導了一個定語從句，此處which指代的是“Moscow莫斯科”，根據主句的意思可知此處想表達的是莫斯科被大霧籠罩。句意：俄羅斯的女性昨天在……的莫斯科街頭行走的時候不得不戴著厚厚的保護面罩。故正確答案為選項A。

4.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatforthrightnessandthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。forthrightness意為“坦率，直率”；intention意為“意圖，目的”；instinct意為“本能，天性”；integrity意為“正直，誠實”；intensity意為“強烈”。

句意：市長是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財政支持。

5.單選題

People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.

問題1選項

A.laidoff

B.laidon

C.laidaside

D.laidback

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項layoff“解雇，休息”；B選項layon“安裝，提供”；C選項layaside“擱置，儲蓄，留存”；D選項layback“躺下休息”。根據句意“被解雇（下崗）的人們將得到幫助，直到他們找到新的工作?！边x項A符合句意。

6.問答題

Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

C

bespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;cost

【解析】考查主謂一致。謂語動詞is用的是單數形式，故主語也需要用單數形式。

7.單選題

SinceHelenismywife,itisdifficultformetobeobjectiveabouthertalent.

問題1選項

A.impersonal

B.single-minded

C.overwhelmed

D.subjective

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項impersonal“客觀的，非個人的”；B選項single-minded“專心的，純真的”；C選項overwhelmed“被壓倒的，被湮沒的”；D選項subjective“主觀的，個人的”。句意：既然海倫是我的妻子，我很難客觀地評價她的才能。Objective“客觀的”，由此可知A選項與該詞意思更相近，因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Someanalystsconsidertheprocessofautomationasecondindustrialrevolutionwiththepotentialityforasocialupheavalthatmarkedthebirthofthefactoryacenturyandahalfago.Othersinsistitisjustanotherstepinindustry'sprogresstowardgreaterefficiency,nodifferentinitsbasicattributesfromanyofthetechnologicaladvancesthathavehelpedraiseAmericanwages,employmenttotalsandlivingstandards.

Congressionalinvestigations,puzzledaboutwhatactionthegovernmentshouldtake,havebeentoldbyunionleadersthatautomationthreatensmassunemploymentandbybusinessexecutivesthatitwillbringunparalleledprosperity.

Engineerssaythatpush-buttonfactoriesmayeventuallypermitaworkscheduleinwhichtheweek-endwillbelongerthantheweek.Educatorsseeallthisleisurepromotingascholasticrenaissanceinwhichculturalattainmentswillbecometheyardstickofsocialrecognitionforworkersandbossalike.Gloomierobserversfearthetrendtoward“inhumanproduction”willendbymakingmenobsolete.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Thepositionoftheauthoristo.

4.Whoseopinionindicatesthatautomationisagreatthreattosocialstability?

問題1選項

A.robotsatwork

B.machinesvs.mankind

C.speculationsonautomation

D.ourrisingstandardofliving

問題2選項

A.Thegovernmentfavorsautomation.

B.Industryhasmadegreatadvancesinthepast150years.

C.Engineersopposeautomation.

D.Morepeoplefavorautomationthanopposeit.

問題3選項

A.presentunfavorableopinionsonautomation

B.convincethereadersofthebenefitsofautomation

C.presentdifferentopinionsonautomation

D.urgethegovernmenttopromoteautomation

問題4選項

A.Educators

B.Unionleaders

C.Someanalysts

D.Someobservers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了不同人對automation(自動化)的看法，因此選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段第一句話提到工程師們認為自動化的工廠可能最終會使那些能在一周內完成的工作延長時間（Engineerssaythatpush-buttonfactoriesmayeventuallypermitaworkscheduleinwhichtheweek-endwillbelongerthantheweek），由此可以推測出工程師們對自動化是持反對意見的，因此選項C符合題意。

3.主旨大意題。作者客觀陳述了不同人對自動化的看法，并沒有帶有自己的觀點或者評價，因此選項C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到工會領導人認為自動化會導致大規(guī)模失業(yè)（unionleadersthatautomationthreatensmassunemployment），而大規(guī)模失業(yè)肯定會影響社會安定，因此選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomists---areatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

問題1選項

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

問題2選項

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

問題3選項

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...幾項研究表明，制造業(yè)以外也在發(fā)生類似的事情:...”也就是說，除了制造業(yè)，美國其他行業(yè)里工作時間也很長，所以選項C正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據第三段最后兩句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的時間更少，他們（孩子）可能會被長時間的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趨勢，這僅僅是個巧合嗎?”由此可知，長時間工作的結果將會導致青少年犯罪數量的增加。選項B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據最后一段的內容“這些答案都不能真正解釋為什么美國的工作時間長達一個世紀的下降趨勢已經逆轉，而其他地方卻沒有(盡管英國有跡象表明正在步美國的后塵)。也許文化差異——失敗經濟學家的最后避難所——正在發(fā)揮作用?！边@里提到文化差異的問題，但這并不是美國人長時間工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...經濟學家過去認為，一旦工人掙到足夠的錢來滿足他們的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是為了擴大基本需求，所以選項A正確。

10.翻譯題

Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.

Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadeandhowcompromise,isreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthy

andimpersonal.

ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemultimillion-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator'srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash.

InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator’sposition.

Twotraitsinparticularthosecausecross-culturalmisunderstandingsaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore，Americannegotiators,ofteninsistonrealizingshort-termbenefits.Foreignnegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.

Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.

Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessfornegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.

【答案】國際貿易以及海外投資的增長促使了對具有語言知識和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出現。

交流包括說服和妥協，但是為了使交流者參與其中任何一項，談判代表必須要了解在談判的文化中怎么說服他人以及怎么妥協。

在國外的談判者看來，美國人代表的一個資產幾百萬的公司可以支付任何費用，不用討價還價。

尤其能夠導致跨文化誤會的兩個特點是美國談判者的直接了斷和沒耐心。

為了鞏固彼此之間的關系，他們通常會采用間接交流的方法，而不去計較用于了解對方談判者的時間。

11.單選題

Thereislikelytobetensionbetweenlandlordandtenant,betweenlargelandownersandimpecuniouspeasants.

問題1選項

A.petty

B.modicum

C.impoverished

D.frolicsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項petty“瑣碎的；小氣的；小規(guī)模的”；B選項modicum“（n.）少量，一點點”；C選項impoverished“窮困的；用盡了的，無創(chuàng)造性的”；D選項frolicsome“嬉戲的，愛鬧著玩的”。句意：地主和佃戶之間、大地主和貧窮的農民之間可能會出現緊張關系。impecunious“沒有錢的；貧窮的”。C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.35million.

B.34million.

C.25million.

D.20million.

問題2選項

A.Author,professoranddreamer

B.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

問題3選項

A.Sleepingin8-hourconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoursleepwithawakingbreak.

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetheyareinsensitive.

D.Becausetheycan’tcomplain.

問題5選項

A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sleepinglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoursaday.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】Ourcultureisobsessedwithsleep,andthelackofit,yetmanyofusdon’tknowsomebasicfacts.(21)Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia,andyetin2006only$20millionwasspentonresearch.(22)Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniacGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insomniac”.Shelearnedalmostallthereistoknowaboutsleepandthelackthereof.Herearefivecommonmythsabouthowwegetourshut-eyeandwhy:

1.HumansNeedEightHoursSleepaNight

Therearemanywaysofsleepingandfewculturessleepineight-hourconsolidatedblockslikewedo.Untiltheindustrialera,manyWesternEuropeansdividedthenightinto“thefirstsleep”andthe“secondsleep.”(23)They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.Infact,there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.

2.SleepIsn’tJustaBodilyFunction

Sleepisabiological,physiologicalsystem,akintothecardiovascularsystem,thenervoussystemandsoon.(25)Likeanyothersystem,itishighlyvariable,anditwearsoutandgetsmorefragilewithage.

3.AnimalsDon’tHaveSleepProblems

Insomniaoccursinanimalsandinsects,too,sortof.Technically,(24)insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.

4.FallingAsleepIsaGradualProcessNope

Instead,formostpeople,itswitchesonandofflikealightswitch.Butforinsomniacsandnarcoleptics,theswitchdoesn’tworkquitewell.Insteadtheyinhabitthespaceinbetweenneverentirelyawake,norentirelyasleep.

5.SleepingLessBurnsMoreCalories

Intheshortterm,yes,butsleepinglessprobablywon’thelpyouloseweight.Lackofsleepsuppressesournaturalappetite-depressants,whilefuelingappetite-increasers,oftenleadingtoweightgain.

21.Accordingtothetalk,approximatelyhowmanyAmericanssufferchronicinsomnia?

【解析】此題為細節(jié)信息再現題。文章中提到：Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia，所以答案為A。

22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGayleGreen?

【解析】此題為細節(jié)信息再現題。文章中提到：Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniaGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insonmniac”.答案為B。

23.Whichofthefollowingsleepingpatternsmightbethemostintunewithourinherentbiologicalsystem?

【解析】此題為細節(jié)信息再現題。文章中提到：there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.而這里的thissleeppattern指的就是前一句話說的睡覺模式：They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.因而符合這一睡覺模式的是C。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whyisitdifficulttomeasureinsomniainanimals?

【解析】此題為細節(jié)信息再現題。文章中提到：insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.所以答案為D。

25.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【解析】此題可以用排除法，文章中提出五個常見的對睡眠的錯誤認識。B、C和D正是其中的三個，因而A為答案。

13.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（

）.

問題1選項

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。layout“展示，安排”；layoff“解雇”；laydown“放下，制定”；layaside“擱置；儲蓄”。句意：美國的石油公司已經開始有壓力。提煉廠工人和石油設備員工都被解雇了。選項B符合題意。

14.翻譯題

人類社會滄桑巨變，國際舞臺風云變幻。聯合國經歷了種種考驗，走過了不平凡的歷程。盡管地區(qū)動蕩和局部沖突時有發(fā)生，但是各國更加重視以談判解決爭端。

【答案】Withthetremendouschangesofhumansocietyandtheinternationalrelations,theUnitedNationshavealsoexperiencedextraordinaryprocessaftersundrytests.Althoughconstantregionalchaosstillexist,oftenconflicted,countriespaymoreattentiontoresolvedisputesthroughnegotiations.

15.單選題

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

問題1選項

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“決心做，溶解”；B選項“離職，委托”；C選項“運用，施加影響”；D選項“憑借，訴諸”。句意：無論他有多生氣，他都絕不會（）武力。這里根據句子，詞義應該選訴諸，所以答案選D。

16.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問題1選項

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問題2選項

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問題3選項

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問題4選項

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》?！迸c第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當奇特。當人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或對治療的進展表示滿意時，他們就會表現出不滿的跡象，病情總是會惡化?！笨赏浦狣項“對弗洛伊德觀點的介紹”正確。其他三項都是文中未提及的內容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對治療過程的反應是相反的?！焙蛅heygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們在治療過程中病情惡化，而不是好轉”?？芍狝項與B項正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內疚感只表現為對恢復的抗拒，而恢復是極其難以克服的”?？芍狢項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動機是非常困難的，他堅持更明顯的解釋，即通過分析治療并不是對他的病例的正確治療”。可知D項正確。

17.單選題

Formultinationalcorporations,taxplanninghasbecomeextremelycomplexaffairs.Ithasbeenstatedthatnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertise.Therefore，inadditiontohavingtheirownexperts,MNCsrelyonheavilyonlocaltaxexpertsandlegalcounsel.

Taxeshaveaveryimportantimpactonforeigndirectinvestmentdecisions.Taxeswilldeterminethefinancialstructureofsubsidiary，andtheywillinfluencepricingdecisions.Theymayalsoleadtotheformationofholdingcompanies.AnMNCmaydecidetoestablishabranchratherthanasubsidiarybecauseofagiventaxsituation.Theabsenceofataxtreatybetweenthecountryofawould-beinvestorandthenationwhereaforeigninvestmentistotakeplacemightleadtocancellationofinvestmentplans.Anunfavorabledepreciationallowancemaykeeptheforeigninvestorout.ThisunitwilldealwiththedifferenttaxsystemsintheworldandtheirimpactonanMNC’sglobalstrategy.

Basically,anytaxsystemcanbedividedintodirectandindirecttaxes.Corporateandindividualincometaxesaredirect，value-addedtaxes，salestaxes，andimportdutiesareindirecttaxes.Corporateincometaxes(taxesleviedonearning)varyamongtheindustrializednations.France,theUnitedStates,Holland,Canada,andGermanyhaveratesofaround50percent;Italy，theUnitedKingdomandJapanhaveratesofbetween36and40percent.

Lessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxratesinordertoattractforeigninvestment.Thus,Brazilhasarateof30percent,andIndonesiahasa40percenttaxrate.Acorporatetaxisleviedontaxableearnings.Taxableearningsaremoresignificantthanthetaxrateitself.Theydeterminewhatcanbedeductedbeforethetaxiscomputed;inotherwords,theseitemsaretaxdeductible.Countriesdiffergreatlyindeterminingtaxableearnings.Someallowaccelerateddepreciation,wherebytheasset(usuallytheplantorequipment)iswrittenoffatasubstantiallyhigherrateduringthefirstyearsthaninthelateryears.Thisallowsforsmallertaxableearningsintheearlyyears.Othercountriesallowtax-freeinvestmentreserves.Theseareusedatalaterstageforinvestmentinundevelopedareasofcountriesoraresentwhencountriesareinarecession.

ArecenttypeoftaxthathaswonrecognitionintheEuropeanCommonMarketisvalue-addedtax(VAT).Thisisanationalsalestaxleviedateachstageofproductionoratthesaleofconsumergoods.Thetaxisassessedinproportiontothevalueaddedduringthatstage.Generally,manufacturinggoods,suchasplantandequipment,havebeenexemptedfromthistax.Inmostcases,fooditemsalsohavebeenexempted.

HereisanexampleofhowVATworks.Atreeownerwhosellspartofatreetoalumbermillfor$1mustsetasidetencentsVATtopaytothegovernment.Thelumbermillprocessesthetreeintobuildingmaterialandsellsthewoodfor$3toalumberwholesaler.Themilladds$2invalue，andthussetsaside10percentoftheaddedvalue,ortwentycents,topaytothegovernment.AndsotheVATcontinuesuntilthefinalsale.

TheVATsystemoffersadvantages,suchasrebatesonexports.Profitableandunprofitablefirmsaretaxedalike,asthereisnopossibilityoftaxdeductionstodeterminetaxableincome.Abadlyruncompanyis,therefore,forcedtoimproveorgooutofbusiness.Further,VATiseasytocalculateandcollect.ButVATisoftenaccusedofhavingcontributedtoseriousinflationincountrieswhereitwasintroduced,notablyinWesternEurope.

1.Taxsystemscanbedividedinto________.

2.Onearrivesattaxableearningswhen________.

3.Thereasonnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertiseisthat___________.

4.WhichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofaVATsystem?

5.Whydidthelessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxrates?

問題1選項

A.incometaxesanddirecttaxes

B.indirecttaxesanddirecttaxes

C.value-addedtaxesandsalestaxes

D.importdutiesandsalestaxes

問題2選項

A.alltax-deductibleitemshavebeensubtracted

B.accelerateddepreciationisallowedfor

C.tax-freeinvestmentreservesareallowedfor

D.assetsarewrittenoff

問題3選項

A.anMNCisnotall