書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨沂大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于，就…而言”；withaviewto“著眼于”。句意：我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進(jìn)行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項符合句意，答案C

2.單選題

KnowingthathehadbeenadmittedtoCambridgeUniversity,hewastooexcitedtobe（

）onthephone.

問題1選項

A.coincidental

B.identical

C.same

D.coherent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coincidental“巧合的，一致的”；identical“相同的，同一的”；same“相同的”；coherent“連貫的”。句意：得知被劍橋大學(xué)錄取，他太過于激動以至于在電話中話都說不連貫。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifapersonisinastatebetweensleepingandbeingawake,oftenasaresultofheatordrinkingalcohol,hefeels_______.

問題1選項

A.tiresome

B.fatigued

C.drowsy

D.restless

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tiresome討厭的，令人厭煩的B.fatigued身心交瘁，精疲力竭

C.drowsy困倦的，昏昏欲睡的D.restless坐立不安的，不耐煩的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞betweensleepingandbeingawake，可知這里指一個人半夢半醒時的感覺，drowsy符合語境，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】如果一個人處于半夢半醒的狀態(tài)，通常是由于發(fā)熱或飲酒，他會感到昏昏欲睡。

4.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'

"Didwhat?’，Iasked,utterlyconfused

"Tookthechair"

Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

問題1選項

A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement

問題2選項

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

問題3選項

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從這篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常，遵守社會行為準(zhǔn)則比根據(jù)自己的品味行事更容易。當(dāng)然，我們這些天生優(yōu)雅的人可以安全地打破規(guī)則。”確定A選項“打破社會行為準(zhǔn)則是安全的”太絕對；由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在婦女解放運(yùn)動中，男人的好處之一是不再需要向女人支付舊式的禮遇。”確定B選項“在婦女的解放中，男性也被解放了”正確。C選項“女性正變得比以前更有能力”在文中沒有提及；由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性應(yīng)該在他想走的地方走路”確定D項“男性應(yīng)該走在人行道的外側(cè)”與原文不符。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘說“你又做了一次”，作者的妻子意味著…’。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如，當(dāng)一個男人和一個女人在餐館被領(lǐng)到他們的桌子前，服務(wù)員拉出一把椅子，這個女人應(yīng)該坐在椅子上。根據(jù)安?克拉克女士的說法，我總是用另一種方法來做。”，下文就舉出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒數(shù)第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了這個椅子”，可以確定C選項“作者不應(yīng)該坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不是作者比女士先上車的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且，我的習(xí)慣是先上車，讓女士自己上車。這是一種禮貌，我堅持作為更強(qiáng)的性別，出于愛和尊重?！贝_定A選項“他想對女性有禮貌”和B選項“他這那樣做是出于習(xí)慣”是作者先于女性上車的原因；也確定D選項“他認(rèn)為今天的女性如男人一樣有能力”不是作者先于女性上車的原因，符合題意，正確；由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.在這樣的時候，可能會有攻擊者隱藏起來?！贝_定C選項“他想保護(hù)女性不受隱藏的危險的傷害”也是作者先于女性上車的原因。

5.單選題

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.

WritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes23-27onyourAnswerSheet.

1.Adevelopedsystemofnumbering（）.

2.Anadditionalhandsignal（）.

3.Inseventh-centuryEurope,theabilitytocounttoacertainnumber（）.

4.Thinkingaboutnumbersasconceptsseparatefromphysicalobjects（）.

5.Expressingnumberdifferentlyaccordingtoclassofitem（）.

問題1選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題2選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題3選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題4選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題5選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:E

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段，“Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.”，可知當(dāng)他們開始定居、種植植物和放牧動物時，對復(fù)雜的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的需求變得至關(guān)重要?？膳袛喑鲆环N發(fā)達(dá)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)對于開始農(nóng)作的人們來說是非常有必要的。選項B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在實際情況中，數(shù)字和單詞往往伴隨著手勢，以幫助解決任何困惑。可判斷出額外的手勢信號也是有必要的，當(dāng)數(shù)字有限時，可以幫助解除困惑。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.”，可知在數(shù)字單詞和表達(dá)有限的情況可追溯到歐洲的語言的早期版本?？膳袛喑霎?dāng)數(shù)字單詞的范圍被限制時，可以使用手勢信號，這種情況可以追溯到早期的歐洲語言。選項E符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!”，可知七世紀(jì)歐洲的普通人對數(shù)字并不像我們今天這樣熟悉。事實上，要想成為法庭上的證人，一個人必須能夠數(shù)到九?？膳袛喑鲈谄呤兰o(jì)的歐洲，一定的數(shù)數(shù)能力是履行公民角色的必要條件。選項A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.”，可知當(dāng)數(shù)字4在大腦中被看作一個獨立于引用對象的特定概念時，就邁出了發(fā)展數(shù)字符號系統(tǒng)的第一步，然后開始發(fā)展成為算術(shù)?？膳袛喑霭褦?shù)字看作是獨立于物理對象的概念對于算術(shù)的發(fā)展是必要的。選項C符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第六段，“Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted.”，可知今天，我們可以在幾種現(xiàn)存的語言中看到記數(shù)發(fā)展的最初階段的痕跡。不列顛哥倫比亞省的Tsimshian語言的記數(shù)系統(tǒng)包含7組不同的單詞，根據(jù)被計數(shù)物品的類別來表示數(shù)字?？膳袛喑龈鶕?jù)物體類別不同而用不同的數(shù)字表示是早期記數(shù)系統(tǒng)的一個特點。選項G符合題意。

6.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Listentomusic.

B.Readmagazines.

C.Goplaytennis.

D.Stayinthehouse.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Louise,whatareyoudoingnow?

W:Oh,justlisteningtomusic,lookingthroughmagazines.

M:Stayinginthehouseonanicedaylikethis?Comeon,let’sgoplaytennis.

W:Ohgreat!Youmademyday.

Q:Whatisthewomangoingtodo?

【解析】態(tài)度方向。對話中女士在聽音樂、看雜志，男士建議她出去打網(wǎng)球。女士說great。

7.寫作題

Asayinggoes“Thepastistheguideforthefuture.”Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththesaying?Youmaybaseyourjudgmentseitheronyourownlifeorworkexperiences,oronsocialdevelopments.Writeanessayofabout400words.

Requirements:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainidea,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthemainideawithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

【答案】【略】

8.單選題

Booksdoasmuchharmasgoodandspreadfalsehoodanderror______knowledgeoftruth.

問題1選項

A.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessas

D.nomoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項nolessthan“不少于”，B項nomorethan“只是，僅僅”，C項nolessas與D項nomoreas沒有這種用法。句意：書籍所帶來的利弊是均衡的，它們所傳播的謊言和錯誤不少于知識與真理。故正確答案為A。

9.單選題

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica’smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity’sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchangesamongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta’smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmallercitygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsareoftennearinvisiblepoles,offeringnoindicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia’sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesforre-electioninNovember,hasotherplans.TowinbackthefederalhighwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedtheGeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15-memberboardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65milesacrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270millionforthis.Supporterssayitwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA’sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however,andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA’Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.BarnesthinkthatAtlanta’sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

1.Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

4.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.

5.Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.

問題1選項

A.tobeironic

B.topokefuntothem

C.tobefair

D.tomakeitnotorious

問題2選項

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

問題3選項

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.

問題4選項

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboard

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimage

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingup

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassets

問題5選項

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarrogance

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystems

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.作者對亞特蘭大人對汽車的依賴性的描述本意是____。

A.tobeironicA.諷刺的

B.topokefuntothemB.為了取笑他們

C.tobefairC.公平的

D.tomakeitnotoriousD.為了讓它臭名昭著

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第二句“出于感情亞特蘭大人給他們的汽車起名字；通過比較超速罰單，他們小心地守住任何可以停車的小巷。（Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.）”根據(jù)作者用sentimentally（多情地）和jealously（妒忌地；猜疑地）兩詞可以看出作者對亞特蘭大人對汽車依賴的描述是諷刺的。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B、C、D選項曲解作者意思，屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?以下哪項不是羅伊?巴恩斯州長所計劃的“反蔓延運(yùn)動”的一部分？

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.A.通勤鐵路的建造。

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.B.他在11月成功連任。

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.C.啟動穿梭巴士過境。

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.D.用于拓寬道路的撥款。

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段“這項計劃專門撥款拓寬道路（Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads）；有電動穿梭巴士接送游客穿梭于巴克頭優(yōu)雅的別墅之間（tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead）；以及建立一條亞特蘭大和梅肯之間的通勤鐵路（createacommuterraillink）”。由此可知A、C、D選項均有提及，B選項沒有提及，因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A、C、D選項均是計劃的一部分，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?文中沒有提到下列哪項？

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.A.聯(lián)邦公路基金因《清潔空氣法》而損失。

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.B.縣政府應(yīng)該在交通問題上合作。

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.C.亞特蘭大人必須放棄公共汽車和火車，建造更多的高速公路。

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.D.亞特蘭大的交通給游客留下了不好的印象。

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】文中第一段“1998年，13個大都會縣失去了聯(lián)邦公路基金，因為它們的空氣污染水平違反了《清潔空氣法》。（In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.）”因此選項A提到了；文中第三段“為了贏回因《清潔空氣法》而損失的聯(lián)邦公路資金，他成立了佐治亞州區(qū)域運(yùn)輸局（GRTA），一個由15名成員組成的委員會，有權(quán)讓縣政府、市政府和10個縣的亞特蘭大區(qū)域委員會在運(yùn)輸計劃上進(jìn)行合作（thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans），不管他們喜歡與否?！庇纱丝芍h政府在交通上合作，因此B選項提到了；文中第二段最后“鐵路現(xiàn)在服務(wù)于市中心和機(jī)場，但其他服務(wù)不多；公共汽車站通?？拷床灰姷碾娋€桿，沒有顯示哪輛公共汽車可能在那里停，或者什么時候停。”可知亞特蘭大這些服務(wù)于公眾的交通并不完善，由此推斷會給游客留下不好印象。因此D選項可以推出。C選項文中沒有提及。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A、B、D選項都提到了，C選項沒有提及。A、B、D選項屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.從文中可以得知，喬治亞州州長羅伊?巴恩斯____。

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboardA.對GRTA董事會有著專橫的控制

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimageB.給人留下了不墨守成規(guī)的印象

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingupC.一定會贏得即將到來的連任

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassetsD.將部分資金用于個人資產(chǎn)

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“由于他可以任命和解雇GRTA的成員，這可能就是故事的結(jié)局。巴恩斯先生總是想怎么做就怎么做（Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants）。他在交通問題上的傲慢也可能使他失去選票?！庇纱丝芍?，巴恩斯先生可以隨意任命解雇成員，并且想怎么做就怎么做，由此可推斷他對GRTA有專橫的控制。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“給人留下了不墨守成規(guī)的印象”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“一定會贏得即將到來的連任”，文中提到“他在交通問題上的傲慢也可能使他失去選票?！币虼怂灰欢苓B任，該選項與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“將部分資金用于個人資產(chǎn)”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.在作者看來，解決亞特蘭大交通問題的最好辦法似乎在于____。

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulationsA.執(zhí)行交通規(guī)則

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarroganceB.挑戰(zhàn)巴恩斯州長的傲慢

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxesC.提高通勤稅和汽車稅

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystemsD.改善其公共交通系統(tǒng)

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“其他處于同樣困境的城市已經(jīng)重組了高速公路，征收通勤稅和汽車稅，或者擴(kuò)大了公共交通系統(tǒng)（expandedtheirpublic-transportsystems）。亞特蘭大不喜歡這些東西。公共交通也是一個令人煩惱的話題。亞特蘭大大都會區(qū)分為許多縣政府和較小的市政府，發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣很難合作。鐵路現(xiàn)在服務(wù)于市中心和機(jī)場，但其他服務(wù)不多；公共汽車站通?？拷床灰姷碾娋€桿，沒有顯示哪輛公共汽車可能在那里停，或者什么時候停?！比缓笪闹兄v亞特蘭大各縣進(jìn)行交通方面的合作，GRTA撥款修建道路，建立鐵路通勤線。啟動快速公交服務(wù)等等，這些都是在改善亞特蘭大的公共交通。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“執(zhí)行交通規(guī)則”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“挑戰(zhàn)巴恩斯州長的傲慢”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“提高通勤稅和汽車稅”，文中提到“其他處于同樣困境的城市已經(jīng)重組了高速公路，征收通勤稅和汽車稅，或者擴(kuò)大了公共交通系統(tǒng)”但是根據(jù)后文可知，亞特蘭大選擇改善公共交通而不是提高通勤稅和汽車稅，該選項屬于反向干擾。

10.單選題

Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW?Griffith.BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera’spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.

Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byputtingimagestogetherandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowaplotthatwasmadeupofsuchjuxtaposedimages,Griffithpersisted,andexperimentedaswellwithotherelementsofcinematicsyntaxthathavebecomestandardeversince.Theseincludedtheflashback,permittingbroadpsychologicalandemotionalexplorationaswellasnarrativethatwasnotchronological,andthecrosscutbetweentwoparallelactionstoheightensuspenseandexcitement.Inthusexploitingfullythepossibilitiesofediting,Griffithtransposeddevicesofthevictoriannoveltofilmandgavefilmmasteryo￡timeaswellasspace.

Besidesdevelopingthecinema’slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlyoutputwasremarkablyeclectic:itincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentsofsocialissues.Ashissuccessesmounted,hisambitionsgrew,andwiththemthewholeofAmericancinema.WhenheremadeEnochArdenin1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofsuchimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Griffith’sintroductiono￡theAmerican-mademultireelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.Twoyearslater,JudithofBethulia,anelaboratehistoricophilosophicalspectacle,reachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour’srunningtime.Fromourcontemporaryviewpoint,thepretensionsofthisfilmmayseematrifleludicrous,bu