書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-德陽城市軌道交通職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Organizationalculturecanbedefinedasasystemofsharedbeliefsandvaluesthatdevelopswithinanorganizationand（）behaviorsofitsmembers.

問題1選項

A.guides

B.indicates

C.controls

D.supervises

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：組織文化能夠被定義為一個共享信仰和價值觀且對組織發(fā)展有益、對組織成員的行動具有指導(dǎo)意義的系統(tǒng)。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.

Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.

Thisisalie.

Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I'veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD（多動癥發(fā)病率）,screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.

Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese"educational"Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.

Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe"CommonCore"in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.Itcouldnowbesoldtotheentirecountry.

ThisnewGoldRushattractedpeoplelikeRupertMurdoch,nototherwiseknownforhisconcernforAmericanpedagogy,whowouldgoontoinvestover$1billionintoed-techcompanycalledAmplify,withthestatedmissionofsellingeverystudentinAmericatheirproprietarytablet-foronly$199-alongwiththesoftwareandannuallicensingfees.

Amplifyhiredhundredsofvideogamedesignerstobuildeducationalvideogames-whiletheyandothertechentrepreneursattemptedtosellthenotionthatAmericanstudentsnolongerhadtheattentionspanfortraditionaleducation.Theirsolution:Educatetheminamorestimulatingand"engaging”manner.

Butlet'slookmorecloselyatthatclaim.ADHDrateshaveindeedexplodedby50percentoverthepast10yearswiththeU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)indicatingthatratescontinuetorisebyfivepercentperyear.YetmanyresearchersandneuroscientistsbelievethatthisADHDepidemicisadirectresultofchildrenbeinghyper-stimulated.Usinghyper-stimulatingdigitalcontentto"engage”thosedistractedstudentsexacerbates(使……惡化)theproblemthatitendeavorstosolve.ItcreatesaviciousandaddictiveADHDcycle:Themoreachildisstimulated,themorethatchildneedstokeepgettingstimulatedinordertoholdtheirattention.

Murdoch'sAmplifywasn'ttheonlydubioused-techcash-grab.ThecityofLosAngeleshadenteredintoa$1.3billioncontractin2014tobuyiPadsloadedwithPearsoneducationalsoftwareforallofits650,000Kthrough12thstudents-untiltheFBIinvestigateditscontractandfoundthatnow-formerSuperintendentJohnDeasyhadacloserelationshipwithAppleandPearsonexecutives.(BeforethedealwaskilledinDecember2014,thePearsonplatformhadimcompletedandessentiallyworthlesscurriculumandsuchfeeblesecurityrestrictionsstudentsthatbypasstheminweeks.)

DespitetheAmplifyandLAdebacles,othersstillseektoconvincenaiveschoolsadministratorsthatscreensaretheeducationalpanacea.YetasmoreAmericanschoolslayoffteacherswhilesettingasidescarcebudgetdollarsfortech,manyeducatorsandparentsalikehavebeguntoask:Doanyofthesehypnoticmarvelsofthedigitalageactuallyproducebettereducationaloutcomesforthekidswhousethem?

Dr.KentaroToyama,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolofInformation,oncebelievedthattechnologyintheclassroomcouldsolvetheproblemsofmodernurbaneducation.NoLuddite,hehadreceivedhisPh.D.incomputersciencefromYaleandhadmovedtoIndiain2004tohelpfoundanewresearchlabformobilephonesandothertechnologiesthatcouldhelpeducateIndia’sbillion-pluspopulation.

Ratherthanfindingadigitaleducationalcure,hecametounderstandwhathercallstechnology's“LawofAmplification":technologycouldhelpeducationwhereit’salreadydoingwell,butitdoeslittleformediocreeducationalsystems.Worse,indysfunctionalschools,it"cancauseoutrightharm."Headded,"Unfortunately,thereisnotechnologicalfix...moretechnologyonlymagnifiessocioeconomicdisparities,andtheonlywaytoavoidthatisnon-technological.”

Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.

SchoolsneedtoheedthisresearchinordertotrulyunderstandhowtobestnurturerealintrinsiclearningandnotfallfortheSirensongofthetechcompanies-andalloftheirhypnoticscreens.

1.Theauthorimpliesthatthescreenrevolution（）.

2.Whatdoes“l(fā)ie”inpara.3mean?

3.Whydotheclassroomhigh-techsattractpeoplelikeMurdoch?

4.“Luddite”inparagraph12meansapersonwhoisopposedto（）.

5.Itseemsthattheauthorapproveshighlyof（）intheclassroomandschooleducation.

問題1選項

A.hindersthechangeoftheteachingmethods

B.helpsthestudyofteachingmethodsdevelop

C.dominatesthestudyofteachingmethods

D.changestogetherwiththechangeofthestudyofteachingmethods

問題2選項

A.Techintheclassroomleadstoworseeducationaloutcomesforkids

B.NoteveryclassroomintheU.S.isequippedwithscreens

C.Technologyintheclassroomisnecessaryandbeneficialineducation

D.Raisedonahigh-techdietappearstobeadirectbyproductofthekids'digitalimmersion

問題3選項

A.Followthemoney

B.Followtheroutineofhigh-tech

C.Advocatefundamentaleducation

D.Enlargetheinfluenceoftheirownbrands

問題4選項

A.democracy

B.newtechnology

C.work

D.education

問題5選項

A.smartboards

B.chromebooks

C.humaninteraction

D.on-linelearning

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題干詢問：作者暗示，屏幕革命如何？根據(jù)原文第三段“Thisisalie”可知，這是作者對于上文提到的“…wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.”這一觀點持有否定態(tài)度，不應(yīng)該將教室中的技術(shù)視為教育中必要且有益的發(fā)展。而根據(jù)原文第四段第一句“Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.”可知，這些技術(shù)不僅會使孩子們的課堂教學(xué)質(zhì)量下降，還會對孩子造成傷害。因此，可排除B選項；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，technology在教育界占有重要地位，而不是screenrevolution，故排除C；而D選項“隨著教學(xué)方法研究的變化而變化”在原文中并未提及。所以，只有A項“阻礙教育方法的改變”最符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為A選項。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干詢問：第三段中的“l(fā)ie”指的是什么？根據(jù)上下文可知，第三段中的this指代的是上文第二段提出的“將教室中的技術(shù)視為教育中必要且有益的發(fā)展”這一觀點，作者認為這種觀點就是謊言，所以是對這一觀點進行否定。因此，通過分析上下文語境可知，“l(fā)ie”是指C選項“課堂上的技術(shù)是必要的，對教育也是有益的”。A選項表示“教室里的科技導(dǎo)致了孩子們更糟糕的教育結(jié)果”，B選項表示“不是美國的每個教室都有屏幕”，D選項表示“在高科技飲食中長大似乎是孩子們沉浸數(shù)字的直接副產(chǎn)品”。

第3題:3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：為什么課堂高科技會吸引像默多克這樣的人？在原文第五段，作者將課堂科技比作特洛伊木馬，而課堂科技之所以能進入課堂，都是因為后文提到的“followthemoney”。接著作者講到課堂科技擁有巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)價值，而這樣的淘金熱自然會吸引默多克這樣的大亨。由此可知，默多克這樣的人被吸引而來主要是為了追求財富。因此，本題正確答案為A選項。

第4題:4.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：第12段中“Luddite”是指反對什么的人？將“Luddite”定位到原文中第12段可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，Dr.KentaroToyama是一位非“Luddite”，而他認為課堂技術(shù)可以解決現(xiàn)代教育中的問題。那么，“Luddite”自然就是反對“課堂技術(shù)可以解決現(xiàn)代教育中的問題”的人，也就是反對新技術(shù)的人。由此可以判斷，B選項表述符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B選項。

第5題:5.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：作者似乎高度贊揚課堂和學(xué)校教育中的什么？根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.”可知，我們把自己對于科技的迷戀投射到了課堂上，認為我們的學(xué)生寧可學(xué)習(xí)使用小工具。然而，他們渴望和需要的是與有血有肉的教育者進行接觸。所以作者提倡在課堂和學(xué)校教育中需要的是人與人之間的互動。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

3.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（）thought,timeandeffort.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.considerable

C.great

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項significant“重大的，有意義的”；B選項considerable“相當(dāng)大的，可觀的”；C選項great“偉大的，極好的”；D選項numerous“很多的”。句意：寫作是一個緩慢的過程，需要大量的思考、時間和努力。選項B符合語境。

4.單選題

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.

Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI’mintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn’tring,thatnoneventprobablywon’tevenregister(留下印象).

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchillingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat______.

2.By“thingslike…”“happeninthrees”,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve______.

3.Theword“courtesy”probablymeans______.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue

B.dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C.dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D.dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated

問題2選項

A.personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B.personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether

C.misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D.misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime

問題3選項

A.goodmanner

B.appropriatespeech

C.friendlyrelations

D.satisfactoryservice

問題4選項

A.Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.

B.Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.

C.Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.

D.Believersofmisfortuneshappeningthethreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.

問題5選項

A.thereissometrutheveninthewidestdreams

B.oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople’smerits

C.thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents

D.weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.（因此，許多人相信他們的夢是預(yù)言，因為少數(shù)人已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了；他們忽視或沒有注意到許多沒有實現(xiàn)的。），說明作者認為不應(yīng)該以個別應(yīng)驗的夢境得出夢具有預(yù)言性這一推斷，畢竟大多數(shù)的夢都是不會實現(xiàn)的。因此A選項“即使有幾個夢成真了也不能說夢有預(yù)言性”正確。B選項“夢是預(yù)言性的，因為其中有些夢成真了”，C選項“如果清楚地記住了，夢就會成真”，D選項“夢和現(xiàn)實是密切相關(guān)的”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以B,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、三句Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.（人們希望看到世界的秩序、模式和意義。這種信念源于人們傾向于讓第三個事件來定義時間周期。），說明人們總是希望從復(fù)雜的事件中找出某種規(guī)律，從而印證人們頭腦中早已形成的某種判斷。因此C選項“不幸往往按照一定的模式發(fā)生”正確。A選項“個人的不幸往往每隔一段時間就會發(fā)生”，B選項“個人的不幸、飛機失事和死亡通常一起發(fā)生”，D選項“一個人一生中發(fā)生的不幸不會超過三次”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“courtesy”可以定位到文章第六段第四句Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.（每個人都把自己看重的品質(zhì)看得很高：謹慎的司機重視小心，熟練的司機重視技術(shù)，禮貌的司機重視禮貌。），說明“courtesy”在文中是指“禮貌”的意思。因此A選項“良好的禮貌”正確。B選項“適當(dāng)?shù)难哉Z”，C選項“友好的關(guān)系”，D選項“令人滿意的服務(wù)”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.主旨大意題。由全文可知，作者希望人們更加關(guān)注那些不為大家所關(guān)注的，不符人們總結(jié)出的“規(guī)律”的事件，來避免從個別事實中得出不嚴密的結(jié)論的做法。因此A選項“不被注意的事情值得更多關(guān)注”最能概括文章主旨。B選項“在一系列的不幸中，第三件通常是最嚴重的”在文中沒有提及，所以B錯誤。C選項“人們傾向于利用支持自己信念的證據(jù)”只是文章的一個方面，不能完整概括文章主旨，所以C錯誤。D選項“相信不幸發(fā)生三次的人在解釋事件時是謹慎的”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.（也許我們能學(xué)到的最重要的心理習(xí)慣是在得出結(jié)論時謹慎。日常生活的“證據(jù)”有時會引起誤解。），說明不應(yīng)該以隨機證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)得出結(jié)論，因為它們有誤導(dǎo)性。因此D選項“不應(yīng)該把我們的結(jié)論建立在偶然的證據(jù)上”正確。A選項“即使在最寬泛的夢中也有一些真相”，B選項“人應(yīng)該注意到別人的優(yōu)點”，C選項“世界上的事件沒有秩序和模式”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.單選題

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecule.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetocharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossibleforscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.ThegenesplicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesandangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

31.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

33.Theword“alleviate”inparagraph2isnearestinmeaningto________.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis________.

問題1選項

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

問題2選項

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

問題3選項

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

問題4選項

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

問題5選項

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】31.主旨大意題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnology（這種新過程通常被稱為DNA重組技術(shù)），隨后文章講DNA重組技術(shù)的好與壞，所以C選項“重組DNA技術(shù)，基因工程的新方法”正確。A選項“基因工程的基本功能”，B選項“基因工程的新應(yīng)用”和D選項“技術(shù)發(fā)展的承諾與危險”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

32.推理判斷題。A選項“能給生命形式帶來迅速而徹底的基因變化”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句restructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.（重組DNA分子本身，從而獲得比過去更迅速、更徹底的基因變化。），符合題意。B選項“可以用來重組DNA分子來產(chǎn)生新的想要的植物和動物品種”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.（通過這種方法生產(chǎn)的新作物品種已經(jīng)在農(nóng)民的田地里生長。），符合題意。C選項“可能會增加產(chǎn)生一些意想不到的疾病的風(fēng)險”：根據(jù)第二段第七句Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.（基因剪接可以產(chǎn)生新的疾病微生物，對我們或我們所依賴的動植物都是致命的。），符合題意。D選項“被證明是治療癌癥和其他不治之癥的有效方法”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.（他們還致力于用基因工程制造出一代神奇的藥物來對抗癌癥和其他致命疾病。），這不證明是有效的，不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

33.語義推測題。alleviate的意思是“緩解，減輕”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.（轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可以抵抗害蟲、疾病和干旱，這可能是減輕世界各地饑餓的重要努力。），世界各地的饑餓情況只能緩解，所以A選項“緩解，減輕”正確。B選項“避免”，C選項“消除”和D選項“終止”不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

34.推理判斷題。A選項“重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用將不可避免地引發(fā)一場激烈的辯論”和C選項“重組DNA技術(shù)可以追溯到幾百年前”：文章沒有提到。B選項“重組DNA技術(shù)在人類身上的使用將被禁止”：根據(jù)第二段第四句Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.（科學(xué)家們正試圖利用基因工程便宜地生產(chǎn)胰島素和干擾素等重要藥物。），可知重組DNA技術(shù)已經(jīng)在人類身上使用，沒有提到在未來會被禁止，不符合題意。D選項“當(dāng)它被用來修改人類遺傳密碼時，可能會產(chǎn)生嚴重的困境”：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.（改變?nèi)祟惢蚪Y(jié)構(gòu)的可能性引發(fā)了嚴重的道德、政治和社會問題。），符合題意。因此D選項正確。

35.觀點態(tài)度題。作者同時描述了DNA重組技術(shù)帶來的好與壞，同時進行例證，所以D選項“客觀”正確。A選項“熱心”，B選項“冷漠”和C選項“批判”不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

關(guān)于知識分子的定義，國外的主流看法是，知識分子是受過專門訓(xùn)練，掌握專門知識，以知識為謀生手段，以腦力勞動為職業(yè)，具有強烈的社會責(zé)任感的群體。知識分子的功能雖然在解釋外在世界，但是總是傾向懷疑與批判，他的想法和看法與社會現(xiàn)狀總有距離。知識分子總是對社會現(xiàn)狀不滿足，總是批判他身處其中的社會，總是企圖按照理性和自己的理想改造或改良社會。因此，他們被浪漫地認同為社會的良心。根據(jù)知識分子的基本特征，經(jīng)典的知識分子可包含哲學(xué)家、科學(xué)家、作家、藝術(shù)家、音樂家等等。在這里，知識分子是指腦力勞動者中關(guān)心人類文化價值、具有社會責(zé)任意識的那部分人，大體上相當(dāng)于“思想家”。

【答案】Withregardtothedefinitionofintellectuals,themainstreamviewabroadisthatintellectualsaregroupswithastrongsenseofsocialresponsibilitywhoreceivespecialtraining,masterexpertknowledge,earnalivingbyknowledgeandchoosementalwork.Althoughthefunctionoftheintellectualistoexplaintheexternalworld,heisalwaysinclinedtodoubtandcriticize,whoseideasandopinionsarealwaysdifferentfromthepresentsocialsituation.Theintellectualisalwaysdissatisfiedwiththepresentsocialsituation,alwayscriticizessocietyinwhichhelives,andalwaysattemptstotransformorimprovesocietyaccordingtohisreasonandhisownideal.Therefore,theyareromanticallyrecognizedasaconscienceofsociety.Accordingtothebasiccharacteristicsofintellectuals,classicalintellectualscanincludephilosophers,scientists,writers,artists,musiciansandsoon.Here,theintellectualreferstothementallabors,roughlyequivalentto"thinker",whocareabouttheculturalvalueofhumanbeingsandhaveasenseofsocialresponsibility.

7.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot（

）tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問題1選項

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項conservative“保守的，守舊的”；B選項content“滿足，愿意”；C選項confident“自信的，有把握的”；D選項generous“慷慨的”。根據(jù)空格后的第二個分句句意‘他們想要那種能參與其中的藝術(shù)’可知空格所在句句意是‘輕人不滿足于站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品，’B選項正確。

8.單選題

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（

）.

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

（

）.

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

（

）.

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（

）.

問題1選項

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

問題2選項

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

問題3選項

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

問題4選項

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.總的來說，他的模仿者必須達到自然的柔美和微妙，一種高度復(fù)雜、緊湊而又克制得很好的氣質(zhì)?！笨芍cC項相符。

2.判斷推理題。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外觀上，紅衣主教之間是埃爾?格列柯紅衣主教和范戴克高貴的主。”可知作者認為讀者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的畫像。故C項正確。

3.判斷推理題。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那種布朗寧喜歡在他的文藝復(fù)興獨白中描述的罕見人物”。可知該句中Bosola和Browning筆下所描寫的人物進行對比。故B項正確，

4.判斷推理題。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia擬聲；exaggeration夸張；paradox悖論。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一樣，Bosola是一種有趣的自相矛盾，他是學(xué)者的殺手、人文主義者的劊子手······”可知A項正確。

9.單選題

Thepresidentofthecompanywasunderenormous（

）duringthetrial.

問題1選項

A.force

B.pressure

C.strength

D.tense

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在審判期間，這家公司的董事長承受了巨大的壓力。

考查名詞辨析。Force武力,暴力,力量;pressure壓力,壓迫;strength力量,力氣;tense（動詞的）時態(tài)。故B符合句意。

10.單選題

Themostobviousandleastnoticedman-mademarvelinCaliforniaisitshighwaysystem.Itisanengineeringeventonthescaleofthetranscontinentalrailroad,over15,000mileslongandfiftyyearsinthemaking.Byalongmeasure,itisthebesthighwaysysteminthecountry,whichmeansthatitisthebesthighwaysystemintheworld.California,itsvariousdepartmentsandagencies,hastaughtnumberlessnationshowtobuildmodemroads,andiftheworldisnowlessconvincedaboutthenecessityofsuperhighwaysthatitusedtobe,thathasmoretodowithgeologythanwithdesignandengineering.

TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisalsowheremanyofuslearnedthepleasuresofmotoring.Muchhasbeenwrittenabout(California’sloveaffair