書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京網(wǎng)絡(luò)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

______himtomorrow?

問題1選項

A.Whynottocallon

B.Whydon’tcallon

C.Whynotcallingon

D.Whynotcallon

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。whynot后面加動詞原形，構(gòu)成Whynotdosth.?（為何不……呢？）；whydonot后面先加主語，再加動詞原形，構(gòu)成Whydonotsb.dosth.?（某人為什么不做某事呢？）句意：為什么不明天去拜訪他？

2.單選題

Thescentsoftheflowerswas______tousbythebreeze.

問題1選項

A.intercepted

B.detested

C.saturated

D.wafted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.intercepted攔截；中途阻止B.detested厭惡，憎恨

C.saturated滲透；飽和D.wafted飄過，飄蕩；吹拂

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由breeze（微風(fēng)）可知，Thescentsoftheflowers（花的香味）是被風(fēng)吹過來的，因此D項詞義最符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句子意思。

【句意】微風(fēng)向我們吹來了花香。

3.單選題

IfIkeepthisoathfaithfully,mayIenjoymylifeandpracticemyart,（

）byallmenandinalltimes;butifIswervefromitorviolateit,maythereversebemylot.

問題1選項

A.beingrespected

B.respecting

C.respectfully

D.respected

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。題干主句中謂語動詞為enjoy，后面接動詞ing形式?？崭窈笥衎y，可推測前面應(yīng)該是被動語態(tài)。因此應(yīng)使用being+done的形式。A選項符合題意。

4.不定項選擇題

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled（）.

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is（）.

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat（）.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.（）.

問題1選項

A.MeasuringYourIntelligence

B.IntelligenceandEnvironment

C.TheCaseofPeterandMark

D.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence

問題2選項

A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

B.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence

C.environmentisvitaltodetermineaperson’sintelligence

D.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

問題3選項

A.85

B.100

C.110

D.125

問題4選項

A.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

B.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment

C.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

D.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

問題5選項

A.canbepredictedatbirth

B.staysthesamethroughouthislife

C.canbeincreasedbyeducation

D.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith...Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared（有兩個因素決定一個人的智力。首先是他與生俱來的大腦……所以第二個因素是個體發(fā)生了什么——他成長的環(huán)境）可知B選項“智力與環(huán)境”最符合題意；A選項“衡量你的智力”，C選項“彼得和馬克的案例”以及D選項“大腦如何影響智力”都是文章內(nèi)容中的一部分，沒有概括全文；因此B選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable（但是，無論一個人的大腦有多好，如果沒有學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會，他的智力水平也會很低。所以第二個因素是個體發(fā)生了什么——他成長的環(huán)境。如果一個人在環(huán)境上有缺陷，他的大腦很可能無法發(fā)展，他將永遠(yuǎn)無法達(dá)到他所能達(dá)到的智力水平）以及第二段Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX（環(huán)境在決定個人智力方面的重要性，可以從同卵雙胞胎彼得x和馬克x的歷史中得到證明）可以得知C選項“環(huán)境對決定一個人的智力至關(guān)重要”符合題意；A選項“人類的大腦有很大的不同”和D選項“擁有相同大腦的人會有大致相同的智力”未在文章內(nèi)提及；雖然文章內(nèi)提到Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith（有兩個因素決定一個人的智力。首先是他與生俱來的大腦）但是并沒有表達(dá)出B選項“一個人天生的大腦在決定他的智力方面很重要”的含義，因此C選項正確。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother（馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他同父異父的哥哥整整高出40分），可知平均水平為100；因此B選項“100”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame（由于同卵，這對雙胞胎在出生時就擁有相同的大腦，他們的成長過程也相同）以及第二段Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother（得是在一個受教育機(jī)會很少的與世隔絕的社區(qū)里，由智力低下的父母撫養(yǎng)長大的。馬克是在上過大學(xué)的富裕家庭長大的。他還是個孩子的時候，就有人給他讀故事，送他去好學(xué)校，給他一切機(jī)會去激發(fā)他的智力。這種環(huán)境差異一直持續(xù)到雙胞胎十幾歲時，當(dāng)他們接受智力測試時。馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高出25分，比他同父異父的哥哥整整高出40分）可以得知C選項“缺乏機(jī)會阻礙了智力的成長”符合題意；A選項“具有相同大腦的個體很少接受相同水平的測試”和D選項“環(huán)境的變化產(chǎn)生大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的變化”未在文章內(nèi)提及；根據(jù)第一段第一句Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith（有兩個因素決定一個人的智力。首先是他與生俱來的大腦）可知B選項“一個人的智力只取決于他所處的環(huán)境”錯誤，因此C選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn（但是，無論一個人的大腦有多好，如果沒有學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會，他的智力水平也會很低。）可以得知C選項“可以通過教育增加”正確；A選項“在出生時就可以預(yù)測”和B選項“在他的一生中保持不變”未在文章內(nèi)提及；根據(jù)第二段所描述的雙胞胎的例子可知D選項“是由他的童年決定的”錯誤，因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Iaskedseveralvillagersthewaytotheriver,butnoneofthemwasvery（）.

問題1選項

A.trustworthy

B.knowledgeable

C.considerate

D.forthcoming

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。trustworthy“可靠的，可信賴的”；knowledgeable“知識淵博的，有知識的”；considerate“體貼的”；forthcoming“即將來臨的”。句意：我問了好幾個村民怎么樣去那條河，但是他們的說法都不可靠。A項符合題意。

6.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問題1選項

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的（表示對……的尊重）”；B選項respected“受尊敬的（受到……的尊敬，語氣程度最深）”；C選項respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相當(dāng)數(shù)量的（被社會接受的，好的或正確的）”；D選項suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的”。句意：鄰居們認(rèn)為他不太___，因為大多數(shù)晚上他都會用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。本句表達(dá)“鄰居認(rèn)為他不太值得尊敬”，不太被鄰居接受，因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問題1選項

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。decomposed已分解的，已腐爛的；denounced公開指責(zé)的，公然抨擊

的；detached分開的，分離的；deduced推論的，演繹的。根據(jù)句中badanddampweather(惡劣潮濕的天氣),

theplants與decomposed搭配合理表示“濕熱天氣使植物很快腐爛”。

8.單選題

The（）manuscriptsarestillabletotellalotabouttheauthorwhocharmedtheworldwithhisworksseveralhundredyearsago.

問題1選項

A.extended

B.intent

C.extant

D.distant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extended“延伸的”；intent“專心的；堅決的”；extant“現(xiàn)存的；顯著的”；distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的”。句意：這些……手稿仍然能夠告訴我們許多關(guān)于這位幾百年前用他的作品迷倒世界的作家的事情。由此可知“現(xiàn)存的手稿”更復(fù)合句意。因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

問題1選項

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項contraryn.相反，反面；B選項contradictionn.矛盾，反駁；C選項controversyn.爭論，論戰(zhàn)；D選項contradictoryn.對立物，矛盾因素。根據(jù)后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知，所有參議員的意見都是一致的，沒有爭論。因此正確答案為C選項。

10.單選題

NearlyeverywriteronthephilosophyofcivilrightsactivistMartinLutherKing,itmakesaconnectionbetweenKingandHenryDavidThoreau,usuallyviaThoreau’sfamousessay.”CivilDisobedience"(1849).InhisbookStrideTowardFreedom(1958),KinghimselfstatedthatThoreau’sessaywashisfirstintellectualcontactwiththetheoryofpassiveresistancetogovernmentallawsthatareperceivedasmorallyunjust.However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,KingwouldnothaveagreedwithmanyotheraspectsofThoreau’sphilosophy,includingThoreau'sultimateacceptanceofviolenceasaformofprotest;second,anoveremphasisontheinfluenceofoneessayhaskepthistoriansfromnotingothercorrespondencesbetweenKing'sphilosophyandtranscendentalism."CivilDisobedience"astheonlyexampleoftranscendentalistwritingwithwhichKingwasfamiliar,andinmanyothertranscendentalistwritings,includingworksbyRalphWaldoEmersonandMargaretFuller,Kingwouldhavefoundideasmorenearlyakintohisown.

ThekindofcivildisobedienceKinghadinmindwas,infact,quitedifferentfromThoreau’sviewofcivildisobedience.Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.Whileheencouragedotherstoadoptsimilarprotests,hedidnotattempttomountanymassprotestactionagainstunjustlaws.IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.

However,King’swritingssuggestthat,withoutrealizingit,hewasanincipienttranscendentalist.Mosttranscendentalistssubscribedtotheconceptof“higherlaw”andincludedcivildisobediencetounjustlawsaspartoftheirstrategy.TheyofteninvokedtheconceptofhigherlawtojustifytheiroppositiontoslaveryandtoadvocatedisobediencetothestrengthenedFugitiveSlaveLawof1850.Inhissecondmajorbook,King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisverysimilartothetranscendentalists'discussionofhigherlaw.Inreferencetohowonecanadvocatebreakingsomelawsandobeyingothers,Kingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw”andanunjustlawasa“codethatisoutofharmonywiththemorallaw.”Thus,King’soppositiontotheinjusticeoflegalizedsegregationinthetwentiethcenturyisphilosophicallyakintothetranscendentalists9oppositiontotheFugitiveSlaveLawinthenineteenthcentury.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthemanideaofthepassage?

2.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsabout“CivilDisobedience”wouldtheauthorconsidermostaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingistrueofEmersonandFuller?

4.ThepassagesuggestswhichoneofthefollowingaboutThoreau?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Kingdifferedfrommosttranscendentalistsinthathe（

）.

問題1選項

A.King’sphilosophywasmoreinfluencedbyThoreau’sessayoncivildisobediencethanbyanyotherwritingofthetranscendentalists

B.WhilehistoriansmayhaveoverestimatedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,Kingwasgreatlyinfluencedbyanumberofthetranscendentalistphilosophers.

C.Thoreau’sandKing’sviewsoncivildisobediencedifferedinthatKingwasmoreconcernedwiththesocialreformthanwiththeeconomicreformofsociety.

D.AlthoughhistorianshaveoveremphasizedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,thereareparallelsbetweenKing’sphilosophyandtranscendentalismthathavenotbeenfullyappreciated.

問題2選項

A.ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

B.ItwasnotKing’sfirstcontactwiththeconceptofpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

C.ItprovidedKingwithamodelforusingpassiveresistancetoeffectsocialchange.

D.Itcontainsanumberofideaswithwhichothertranscendentalistsstronglydisagreed

問題3選項

A.SomeoftheirideaswerelesstypicaloftranscendentalismthanweresomeofThoreau’sideas.

B.SomeoftheirideasweremoresimilartoKing’sthanweresomeofThoreau's.

C.Theirideasaboutcivildisobedienceandunjustlawsareaswell'knownasThoreau’sare.

D.TheywouldhavebeenmorelikelythanThoreautoagreewithKingonthenecessityofmassprotestincivildisobedience.

問題4選項

A.Hewasthefirsttodevelopfullythetheoryofcivildisobedience.

B.HisworkhashadagreaterinfluenceoncontemporarythinkersthanhastheworkofEmersonandFuller.

C.Headvocatedusingcivildisobediencetoforcethefederalgovernmenttochangeitspoliciesonwar.

D.Hisphilosophydoesnotcontainallofthesameelementsasthephilosophiesoftheothertranscendentalists.

問題5選項

A.opposedviolenceasaformofcivilprotest.

B.believedthatjustlawshadaninherentmoralvalue.

C.showedmoreinterestedinreformingsocietythaninreformingtheindividual.

D.protestedsocialandlegalinjusticeinUnitedStatessocietyratherthanUnitedStatesforeignpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的中心句However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,...second.確定作者認(rèn)為大部分作家過分強(qiáng)調(diào)梭羅與金思想上的聯(lián)系，并且忽略了金與其他先驗論主義者的聯(lián)系。由此推斷出D選項‘盡管歷史學(xué)家過分強(qiáng)調(diào)梭羅對金的影響，但金的哲學(xué)與超驗主義之間存在著尚未得到充分認(rèn)識的相似之處?！_。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段，可知金的哲學(xué)思想是受到了梭羅的影響，這種影響帶到政治生活中即是：King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisKingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw馬丁路德金對公正和不公正法律的討論以及個人的責(zé)任指出有兩種類型的法律，公正和不公正;他把公正的法律描述為“符合道德法則的準(zhǔn)則”，所以A選項‘ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.它影響了金對不公正法律的消極抵抗的哲學(xué)。正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句‘IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.與梭羅相反，金開始提倡使用大規(guī)模的公民不服從來影響社會體系內(nèi)的革命變革?！妥詈笠欢巍?..isverysimilartothetranscendentalists’discussionofhigherlaw.因此，馬丁?路德?金反對20世紀(jì)不公正的種族隔離合法化，在哲學(xué)上類似于19世紀(jì)超驗主義者反對逃亡奴隸法。‘推測出D選項‘愛默生和福勒會比梭羅更贊同其非暴力反抗的大規(guī)?？棺h的必要性‘正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.作為對墨西哥戰(zhàn)爭的抗議，梭羅拒絕交稅，但他不希望通過自己的行動迫使國家政策發(fā)生改變?！笨芍狢選項’他主張用非暴力反抗戰(zhàn)爭迫使聯(lián)邦政府改變其政策‘正確。A，B皆為錯誤表達(dá)。D選項正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第二段“Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.梭羅和大多數(shù)先驗論者一樣，主要對個人的改革感興趣，而金主要對社會的改革感興趣?！贝_定C選項正確。

11.單選題

Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhave（）consequences.

問題1選項

A.uncertain

B.disastrous

C.potential

D.unworthy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項uncertain“無常的；靠不住的；遲疑不決的”；B選項disastrous“損失慘重的；悲傷的”；C選項potential“潛在的；可能的”；D選項unworthy“不值得的；無價值的”。句意：在沒有保險的情況下駕車可能產(chǎn)生損失慘重的后果。根據(jù)句中“Drivingacarwithoutinsurance在沒有保險的情況下駕車”可知“損失慘重的”符合語境，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

________canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigures,theprincipleinvolvestheactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.

問題1選項

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：（）從這些數(shù)字的比較可以看出，其原理涉及到病人積極參與病情的改善。兩個句子之間缺少連詞，所以不能只單獨(dú)加主語，此句是非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)句意as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句來修飾整個主句最合適，所以答案選A。what和that都不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，所以B，C不選。

13.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

問題1選項

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B選項frigid“嚴(yán)寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C選項strident“刺耳的”；D選項tedious“冗長的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又______，又可愛”可知空格處的詞語要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，因此選A。句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱又可愛。

14.單選題

LeaksfromEdwardSnowden,asystem’sadministratorturnedwhistleblowerattheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),America’ssignals-intelligenceagency,haveconfirmedthattheInternetisinsecure,andthatmodernspyagenciescan—anddo,onanindustrialscale—tapvirtuallyanyformofonlinecommunication.ButperhapsthemostacuteembarrassmentsofarhasbeencausedbytherevelationthattheNSAmayhavebeenlisteningtophonecallsmadebytheleadersofAmerica’sallies,mostnotablythoseoftheGermanchancellor,AngelaMerkel.Buthowexactlyisitdone?

Amobilephoneisessentiallyatelephonewitharadioattached.Anyonecanlisteninontheradiowavestravellingbetweenahandsetandthebasestationtowhichitisconnected.Topreventcasualeavesdropping,phonesoften(althoughnotalways)useencryption,whichdisarrangesthedatasothatonlytheintendedrecipientcanmakesenseofit.Butnotallencryptioniscreatedequal.Theencryptionusedinsecond-generation(2G)phones—atechnologythatdatesbackto1991一isweak,andreadilycrackedbymoderncomputers.The3Gstandardincludesstrongerdisarranging,althoughitisstillnotperfect.4G,theneweststandard,currentlybeingusedaroundtheworld,likewiseoffersmorecompetentencryption—althoughdocumentsleakedbyEdwardSnowdensuggestthatthespiesarepressuringmanufacturerstoputsecret“backdoors”intotheirproducts.

Butgettinginvolvedincryptographyisn’talwaysnecessary.Spyagenciescanobtaindetailsfromtelephonecompanies,eitherbyaskingthemtocooperateorforcingthemto.Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.Atahackerconferencein2010,asecurityresearchercalledChrisPagetgaveadetaileddemonstrationofhowthisworks,usinglessthan$2,000ofoff-the-shelfequipment(afakebase-stationcaninstructphonesthatconnecttoittodoallsortsofthings,suchasturnofftheirencryption).Policeforcesaroundtheworlduseasimilargeartosilentlylisteninoncallsmadebytheirtargets.ArecentbookdescribeshowtheFBIhasquietlyremovedseveralsuchfakebase-stations-runbyforeignembassies—fromaroundWashington,D.C.

Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.Modernsmartphonesaregeneral-purposecomputers.Usersstoree-mailsonthem,fixtheirpositionwithsatellitenavigationsystems,andevenusethemforbanking,makingthemveryjuicytargetsindeed.Evenifthephonesthemselvesaresecure,itisfarfromclearhowsecurethebehind-the-scenesserversrunbyGoogleandApple,whichcontroltheAndroidandiOSplatformsrespectively,reallyare.Forthenon-spies,therearecheaper,simpleroptionsthatoftenwork,too.ThisweekseveraljournalistsinBritainarestandingtrialforhackingthevoicemailmessagesofeveryonefromservingpoliticianstomurderedschoolchildren.Theirmethodswerelow-techbuteffective:theysmooth-talkedemployeesofmobile-phonecompaniesintohandingoverthefour-digitpasscodesthatprotecttheircustomers’voicemailaccounts.Orelsetheysimplyguessedthem,bettingthatthephoneownerseitherhadn’tchangedthemfromdefaultsettingsorhadchoseneasy-to-rememberones,suchas1—2—3—4.WhethertheNSAusedlow-orhigh-techmethodstotapMrs.Merkel’sphoneremainsamystery—fornow,atleast.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

2.Howcanencryptionpreventcasualeavesdropping?

3.Accordingtothecontexttheword“impersonate”(Para.3)mightmean“（

）”.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

問題1選項

A.TorevealhowAngelaMerkelistapped.

B.TonarratethestoryofleaksfromEdwardSnowden.

C.Toexplainhowphonescanbebugged.

D.Toshowtheadvancementofhightechnology.

問題2選項

A.Bystoppingtheusualradiowaves.

B.Bydisconnectingatelephonetoaradio.

C.Bymakingtheinformationincomprehensible.

D.Bycreatingequalcodepages.

問題3選項

A.empower

B.design

C.personify

D.copy

問題4選項

A.Otherillegalmeanstoobtainpersonalinformation.

B.Processofsnatchingtextmessages.

C.ThetrialofseveralBritishjournalists.

D.Adviceofhowtousesmartphonesinproperways.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,文章由第一段愛德華?斯諾登泄密的故事引出手機(jī)竊聽,主要目的是為了說明手機(jī)是如何被竊聽的,所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Topreventcasualeavesdropping,...recipientcanmakesenseofit.”為了防止偶然的竊聽,手機(jī)經(jīng)常(雖然并不總是如此)使用加密技術(shù),加密技術(shù)會打亂數(shù)據(jù)的排列,只有目標(biāo)接收者才能理解這些數(shù)據(jù)。也就是說,使信息無法被旁人所理解,選項C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段第三句“Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.”另一種選擇是模擬移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身,建立一個假的基站,并說服目標(biāo)的手機(jī)連接到它。根據(jù)“fakebase-station”可以推測,impersonate表示模擬的意思,選項中D帶入原文最接近文意,所以正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.”不只是電話,短信也可以被竊取。選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

15.翻譯題

“失落之城”馬丘比丘坐落在秘魯熱帶山地森林，直到1911年才被美國探險家海勒姆·賓厄姆發(fā)現(xiàn)。馬丘比丘海拔2430米，為熱帶森林所包圍。它可能是印加帝國全盛時期最輝煌的城市建筑，那巨大的城墻和梯田好像是在連綿的懸崖絕壁上自然形成的一樣。古城矗立在安第斯山脈東邊的斜坡上，環(huán)繞著亞馬孫河上游的盆地。馬丘比丘廢墟是世界上最美最神秘的古代遺址之一。早在15世紀(jì)初期，印加人就在那里建起數(shù)百座石建筑，傳說和神話表明馬丘比丘曾是一個圣地。古城廢墟有宮殿、洗浴室、寺廟、貯藏室和大約150間房子，皆保存完好。這些建筑均用山頂?shù)幕疑◢弾r雕筑而成，是建筑學(xué)和美學(xué)的奇跡。

【答案】MachuPicchu,alostcitylocatedinPeru'stropicalmountainforests,wasn'tdiscoveredbyAmericanexplorerHiramBinghamuntil1911.Itstands2,430mabovesea-level,andsurroundedbytropicalforests.ItwasprobablythemostgloriousurbanbuildinginthezenithofIncaEmpire;itsgiantwallsandterracesseemlikebeencutnaturallyinthecontinuousrockcliffs.Theancientcity,ontheeasternslopesoftheAndes,surroundsthebasininupperAmazonRiver.

TheruinsofMachuPicchuareoneofthemostbeautifulandmysteriousancientsitesintheworld.WhiletheIncapeopleerectedhundredsofstonestructurestherefromtheearly1400's,legendsandmythsindicatethatMachuPicchuwasasacredplace.Theruinshavepalaces,baths,temples,storageroomsandsome150houses,allinaremarkablestateofpreservation.Thesestructures,carvedfromthegraygraniteofthemountaintop,arewondersofbotharchitecturalandaestheticgenius.

16.單選題

Itisalwaysmyheightthatgivesme（

）.

問題1選項

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一直以來都是我的身高把我暴露了。

考查短語辨析。giveoff發(fā)出(光)等,長出(枝)等;giveup放棄,交出;giveaway泄露,使露出真面目;giveout分發(fā),公布。根據(jù)題干中的myheight可知C符合句意。

17.單選題

ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant’sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant’sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil’sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.

50.TheGiant’sCausewaywascreatedby______.

51.ThelastsentenceinParagraph3impliesthatthetripontheswingingbridgeisquite______.

52.WhichoftheGiant’sCauseway’sfeaturesbestfitswiththecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention?

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheGiant’sCauseway?

問題1選項

A.theancientIrishpeople

B.thegiantFinnMcCool

C.thevolcanicactivities

D.thedriftoflavaplateau

問題2選項

A.inviting

B.intimidating

C.eye-opening

D.heart-breaking

問題3選項

A.Itsunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformations.

B.Itsamphitheatreswithfancilynamedstonecolumns.

C.ItslargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

D.Itsswingingropebridgebetweenthecoastandalittleisle.

問題4選項

A.Itprovidesvisitorsgrandandbreath-takingviews.

B.ItisasourceofliteraryinspirationfortheancientIrish.

C.Itservesasanexcellentpieceofmaterialforscientificresearch.

D.ItdwarfsmanyotherWorldHeritageSitesinEurope.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“巨人之路是由……創(chuàng)造的”。根據(jù)文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潛伏在陸地盡頭、荒涼的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定讓古代愛爾蘭人感到驚奇，他們隨后受到啟發(fā)并創(chuàng)造了有關(guān)它的建造者的傳說，即巨人芬恩麥庫爾）和第二句TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepre