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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Waterwillcontinuetobe()itistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

問題1選項

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】句意:水將繼續(xù)保持現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),

即重要性僅次于氧的這種狀態(tài)。as...正如...一樣,

選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe(

)valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

問題1選項

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。extensively意為“廣大地,廣泛地”;exclusively意為“唯一地”;excessively意為“過度地”;exceedingly意為“非常,極其”。

句意:你的建議對他來說非常的有價值,他現(xiàn)在是無計可施了。

3.單選題

Theword“conservation”hasathriftymeaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertableinthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatershedsneedtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis____.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize____.

4.Toavoidrepeatingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat____.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“l(fā)ivingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Para.3)?

問題1選項

A.positive

B.neutral

C.suspicious

D.critical

問題2選項

A.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry

B.theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotection

C.theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy

D.theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials

問題3選項

A.theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings

B.theimportanceoftheproperuseofland

C.theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods

D.thevalueofthebeautyofnature

問題4選項

A.weplantmoretrees

B.naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody

C.environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone

D.wereturntonature

問題5選項

A.Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.

B.Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.

C.Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.

D.Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.觀點態(tài)度題。題干“作者對自然資源開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀的態(tài)度是____?!备鶕?jù)原文第3段第1句Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.(為了我們自己和后人的利益,我們現(xiàn)在必須著手彌補前人的錯誤。)可知,作者認為前人對自然資源開采的行為是錯誤的,并且后文一直在寫我們應(yīng)該怎樣節(jié)約資源、保護環(huán)境,所以D選項“批評的”最符合,排除A選項“肯定的”、B選項“中立的”、C選項“懷疑的”。因此,本題最佳選項為D。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thegreatestmistakeofourforefathers”(我們前人最大的錯誤)定位到原文第3段第1、2句Forthesakeof…repairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.(為了我們自己和后人的利益,我們現(xiàn)在必須著手彌補前人的錯誤。因此,保護環(huán)境應(yīng)該成為每個人日常生活的一部分。)為了彌補前人的錯誤,我們要保護環(huán)境,說明前人的行為破壞了環(huán)境,沒有意識到保護環(huán)境的重要性。B選項“他們幾乎沒有環(huán)境保護意識”表述與原文相符。A、C選項可定位到原文第2段第1句Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea…(五十年前,自然研究不是學(xué)校工作的一部分;科學(xué)林業(yè)是一個新概念……)科學(xué)林業(yè)在50年前雖然是一個新概念,但前人對他并不是一無所知,選項表述錯誤,且這并不能說明“對科學(xué)林業(yè)一無所知”并不是“最大的錯誤”,排除A選項“他們對科學(xué)林業(yè)一無所知”;同理,原文只是提到了“自然研究不是學(xué)校工作的一部分”,這不能說明“沒有意識到自然研究的重要性”是“最大的錯誤”,排除C選項“他們沒有意識到自然研究的重要性”;D選項“他們不知道如何充分利用原材料”可定位到原文第1段第3句Ourforefathershadnoideathat…thetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.(我們的祖先不知道人口的增長會比原材料的供應(yīng)更快;甚至直到最近,他們中的大多數(shù)人還愚蠢地認為資源是“無窮盡的”,“用之不竭的”。)由此可知,先人們并非不知道如何充分利用原材料(即自然資源),而是不知道自然資源也是有限的,排除D選項;也可以佐證B選項的正確性,因為他們沒有環(huán)境保護意識認為自然資源“用之不竭”,而過分開采,破壞了環(huán)境。因此,本題最佳選項為B。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干“從第3段可以推斷出,之前的幾代人沒有意識到____”定位到第3段。第3段開頭講“為了彌補前人的錯誤,每個人都要保護環(huán)境”;接著用3個“weneedto”開頭的句子講“我們應(yīng)該怎么做”,①第3段第4句Weneedtoknowwhy…beforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.(我們需要知道,為什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保護,為什么小溪和河流必須在它們最終流入海洋之前充分惠及土壤。);②第3段第5句Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.(我們需要被教導(dǎo)種樹和砍伐樹木的責(zé)任。);③第3段第6句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspace…abovetheearth(我們需要知道高大成熟植被的重要性,因為大多數(shù)跟人類一樣生活在這個星球上的生物,它們的生存空間不僅用平方的面積來計算,還用地表上方立方的體積來計算);最后1句總結(jié)Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.(簡而言之,我們的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是盡可能地恢復(fù)自然的原始美。)由此推斷,前人對自然資源的過度開采,破壞了環(huán)境,破壞了自然的原始美,D選項(沒有意識到)“自然之美的價值”最符合原文。A選項“水、土壤和生物的相互依賴”、B選項“合理使用土地的重要性”、C選項“土壤破壞和河水泛濫的危害”都是根據(jù)具體的措施推斷出來的,比較片面,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為D。

4.斷推理題。根據(jù)題干“為了避免重復(fù)我們祖先的錯誤,作者建議____”定位到原文第3段。根據(jù)第3段給出的3個建議:①第3段第4句Weneedtoknowwhy…beforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.(我們需要知道,為什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保護,為什么小溪和河流必須在它們最終流入海洋之前充分惠及土壤。);②第3段第5句Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.(我們需要被教導(dǎo)種樹和砍伐樹木的責(zé)任。);③第3段第6句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,because…(我們需要知道高大成熟的樹木的重要性,因為……。)由這3個建議可以概括出,作者的建議都是“我們要知道什么”“我們要學(xué)習(xí)什么”,即要普及環(huán)境保護的知識,提高人們的環(huán)境保護意識,C選項“應(yīng)面向所有人進行環(huán)境教育”最符合原文。A選項“我們要種更多的樹”、B選項“向每個人教授自然科學(xué)知識”(原文建議中教授的是環(huán)境保護相關(guān)的知識,自然科學(xué)的表述不準(zhǔn)確;而且環(huán)境保護才是全文的主題。)、D選項“我們要回歸自然”原文均未提及。因此,本題最佳選項為C。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第3段倒數(shù)第二句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspace…abovetheearth(我們需要知道高大成熟植被的重要性,因為大多數(shù)跟人類一樣生活在這個星球上的生物,它們的生存空間不僅用平方的面積來計算,還用地表上方立方的體積來計算)。這句話介紹了其他生物的生存空間的兩種計算方式:第一,用平方算面積;即橫切面土地面積的大??;第二,立方算體積,即三維空間里生存的空間包括森林植被等。由此可知,該句只是在介紹計算其他生物生存空間的不同角度,并不涉及生存空間的變化。A選項“我們(人類)在地球上的生活空間越來越小”屬過度推斷,排除;B選項“我們的生活空間應(yīng)該以立方體積來衡量”,原文介紹的是其他生物生存空間的兩種計算方式,即使要類比,人類生存空間的計算方式也應(yīng)該是兩種都要,B選項表述不完整,排除;C選項“我們需要采取一些措施來保護太空”對原文理解有誤,全文都是圍繞環(huán)境保護展開的,原文中的abovetheearth應(yīng)該指的是“地表以上”;而不是地球以上即太空,排除;D選項“我們必須為鳥類和動物保持良好的生活條件?!痹涓嬖V我們,地表上方的立體空間也是其他生物的生存空間,并且原文這句話是要說明高大成熟植被的重要性,即我們要保護植被,這一點與全文主題保護環(huán)境也相符合,D選項符合原文。因此,本題最佳選項為D。

4.單選題

Thecellphoneincludesamechanicaldevicethatcanmakeit(

)whenitwouldotherwiseringforanincomingcalloranalarm.

問題1選項

A.vibrate

B.shake

C.alarm

D.sparkle

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。vibrate意為“震動”;shake意為“搖動”;alarm意為“驚恐,警報”;sparkle意為“閃耀,閃爍”。

句意:手機內(nèi)置了一個機械裝置,當(dāng)有來電鈴聲或鬧鈴鈴聲時,就會使它震動。

5.單選題

Ifounditdifficultto()mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmy

children.

問題1選項

A.intensify

B.amend

C.reconcile

D.consolidate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。intensify使增加,加??;amend修改;reconcile使順從,和解;consolidate合并,鞏固,加強。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難讓我的事業(yè)抱負()撫養(yǎng)孩子的需求。reconcilewith意為“使一致,和好,調(diào)解”,因此C選項符合句意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世紀(jì)80年代以來,中國陸續(xù)推出一系列科學(xué)技術(shù)研究發(fā)展的整體計劃,旨在戰(zhàn)略性地全面提高國家在21世紀(jì)的綜合科技競爭力。1982年開始實施的國家科技攻關(guān)計劃,是20世紀(jì)中國最大的科技計劃。它面向國民經(jīng)濟建設(shè)主戰(zhàn)場,解決國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展中帶有方向性、關(guān)鍵性和綜合性的問題,涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、電子信息、能源、交通、材料、資源勘探、環(huán)境保護、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

7.單選題

Codingschemesweredevelopedtoenableresearcherstocomparethedetailedfacialpositionsofindividualportionsofdieface(eyebrows,mouth,etc.)fordifferentemotions.

問題1選項

A.systems

B.presentations

C.proposals

D.investigations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項system“制度,體制,系統(tǒng)”,B項presentation“展示,描述,陳述”,C項proposal“提議,建議”,D項investigation“調(diào)查,調(diào)查研究”。句意:編碼方案的發(fā)展,使研究人員能夠比較不同情緒下模具面部各個部分(眉毛、嘴巴等)的詳細面部位置。schemes在句中表示“計劃、方案”,四個選項中意思與之相近的是A項。因此,該題選擇A項。

8.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreaternumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorabilitytopracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefencewhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviour:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

11.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey().

12.Thethirdparagraph().

13.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto().

14.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph().

15.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor().

問題1選項

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwiththefirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問題3選項

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraph

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

問題4選項

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwomen,shouldbethewooer

問題5選項

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】11.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.(男子對其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動的權(quán)利或能力有關(guān))。從此句可知,男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色,并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個地位,因此C選項“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項“對自己吸引女性的能力有信心”,沒有提及;B選項“在求愛中采取主動”,亦沒有提及;D選項“往往比女人更不道德”,文章沒有具體說明。

12.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會通過阻止婦女進入某個領(lǐng)域或從事某項壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概,而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.(關(guān)于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認的優(yōu)勢所建立的復(fù)雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮,有時采取明顯的形式,將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團體之外。)和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題,因此A選項“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項“和第一段沒有關(guān)系”;C選項“重復(fù)第二段的論點”以及D選項“與最后一段矛盾”,最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息,都不正確。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段,在文章最后一段結(jié)尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到,在原始社會里,男人和女人的分工,以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.(人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時就有的關(guān)于男人和女人社會角色的觀點。)因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點到底是什么。因此C選項“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項“表明男人比女人更強大”,并沒有明確說明;B選項“進一步表達最初段落的意思”,最后一段并沒有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息;D選項“否認他所表達的觀點”,不正確。

14.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段anexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes(只是作為人們內(nèi)心對兩性角色區(qū)分的基本正確性的期望的表達。)因此B選項“說明了人們對男人的期望”正確。A選項“是基于考古學(xué)的研究”;C選項“被作者當(dāng)作一個無關(guān)緊要的笑話而不予理會”以及D選項“這證明了求婚者應(yīng)該是男人,而不是女人”,都不是正確的理解。

15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.(有許多客觀證據(jù)表明男性地位的下降。)隨后又舉例說明兩性社會角色在發(fā)生變化,因此D選項“期望繼續(xù)改變”正確。最后一段作者承認引文的觀點自古就有,但他認為這種關(guān)系正在變化,因此A選項“同意”;B選項“認為是自然的”以及C選項“完全拒絕”都不正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在團隊內(nèi)部建立友誼

團隊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強團隊合作。在正式的團體會議中,營造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重,讓每個人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點,就要使隊員們盡量以朋友,而非同事的方式,來處理相互關(guān)系;鼓勵每個成員在工作、會議之外進行交談,多作接觸,在輕松的氣氛中自由地交換意見和看法。多安排社交活動,創(chuàng)造大家在工作之余聚會碰頭的機會,在取得成功時舉辦慶?;顒拥?,都有利于團隊成員之間建立真正的朋友關(guān)系,有利于團結(jié)團隊,使之成為一個整體。

【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeam

Teamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

10.單選題

AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath()isexpectedtorise.

問題1選項

A.toll

B.figure

C.span

D.yield

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。toll“傷亡人數(shù),代價”;figure“數(shù)字,圖形”;span“跨度,范圍”;yield“產(chǎn)量,收益”。句意:一輛豪華特快列車在印度東部一座橋上脫軌,造成至少50人當(dāng)場死亡。據(jù)北方鐵路發(fā)言人表示,死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計還會上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人數(shù)”,符合句意。所以選項A正確。

11.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.(1)Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space,awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

(2)

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

(3)

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

(4)

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

(5)

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded,“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問題1選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題2選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題3選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題4選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題5選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開頭提到committee時,使用了定冠詞the修飾committee,說明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過,選項F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文??崭袂耙痪涮峒皯?yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture),而對此卻束手無策。選項E中提及女性沒有成為科學(xué)家是因為科學(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性,與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文??崭竦那耙痪渲刑岬讲⒉皇敲恳粋€人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問題就是歧視的這一說法,接下來作者很有可能要舉例說明該觀點。另外,第二段末提到了一個人名Kleinfeld,說明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息,選項中符合語境的只有選項B,其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文??崭袂暗亩沃刑峒癒leinfeld教授認為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因為性別歧視,而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問題通常來自于無意識的偏見(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反,由此可知,空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折承接,C、D入選,而只有選項C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應(yīng)。

12.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingfiveunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

Youcannotfindorwillyoueverfindgoldonthesurface.IthastobediscoveredandhastobefounddeepinsidetheEarth’sground.1.Andittakesyearstofindthegoldandthisiswhyitissovaluable.Noteveryonehasit.

Characteristhesame.Youwillnotfindcharacteronthesurface.Youcanonlyfindcharacterdeepinsideyoursoul.2.Andyourcharacterisonlydiscoveredwhenthereischaos.Yourcharacterisnevertestedwhenthingsaregoingyourway.

3.Youhavetodigdeepinsideofyoutofindthecharacterandwhenyoudothatyouwilldiscoverthetruegold.

Youconsistentlyrememberonhowyoutreatothers.Areyoukindorunkind?Doyouhavemanners?Areyourespectful?Thesearequestionsweaskeachother.

4.Thisiswhyyourcharacterisyourgoldmine.Youmustguardyourcharacterjustlikeyouwouldguardyourgold.Donotletanyonetakeitordestroyit.

5.Peoplewilltestyouinlifeandeventsinlifewillshakeyou.However,whenthishappenspleaselookdeepinsideandfindyourcharacterbecauseyourcharacterwillhelpyousucceedanyevent.

Yourcharacterisyourgold.

【答案】1.這個過程很費時間,所以黃金才那么珍貴,不是每個人都能夠擁有。

2.只有混亂發(fā)生的時候你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)它,只有在事情不順心的時候你的品質(zhì)才會得到考驗

3.向自我的深處挖掘,尋找你的品質(zhì),這樣你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的黃金。

4.這就是為什么說你的品質(zhì)是你的金礦。你一定要守護你的品質(zhì),就像你會守護自己的黃金一樣。

5.在生活中,有的人會考驗?zāi)?,有的事情會使你動搖。

13.單選題

Thedog()therabbitbutcouldnotcatchit.

問題1選項

A.ceased

B.chained

C.checked

D.chased

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ceased“停止”。B選項chained“束縛,囚禁”。C選項checked“檢查,查核”。D選項chased“追逐,追趕”。句意:狗追趕兔子,但是逮不著它。因此D選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Audiobooksofferreaderstheoptionoflisteningtoabookthathasbeennarratedandrecordedontoacassetteorcompactdisc.

問題1選項

A.retold

B.released

C.related

D.recalled

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.retold(通常以不同的方式)復(fù)述,重新講述B.released釋放,放出

C.related敘述,講述,講(故事)D.recalled記起,回憶起

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】narrated的意思為“講(故事),敘述”,指的是把書中的內(nèi)容敘述一遍,related與之詞義相近,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】有聲書為讀者提供了一種選擇,他們可以在磁帶或光盤上聽以講述方式呈現(xiàn)的書。

15.單選題

Three(1)yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(2)thermometerin

hishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(3)

andcompletelysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(4)tomeasurethe

temperature.

Onestory(5)that,duringthewinterof1708—1709,F(xiàn)ahrenheittookameasurement

of0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8°C.Five

years(6)heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(7),andmadeatopreference

pointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(8)______allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(9)______accuracy.

Eventuallyhetookthe(10)pointofhistemperaturescalefromareadingmadeinice,

waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibrated

using180degreesbetweenthese(11)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmore

accurateandmore(12)measurementsoftemperature.

Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleand(13)supersededit.Anders

Celsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthefr

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