非謂語動詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式（todo)Gerund動名詞(doing)Participle分詞(-ing分詞，-ed分詞）非謂語動詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式（todo1Structure:

tobedoneInfinitive（不定式）:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice（被動）:Structure:tobedoneInfiniti2被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式TenseandVoice

（時態(tài)與語態(tài)）

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

----------

tohavebeendoing----------todotobedone主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式TenseandVo31.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作補(bǔ)語5.作定語6.作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分:7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用1.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作補(bǔ)語5.作定語4(1).主語Subject不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apity…todo.Ittakessb+timetodo.isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight(1).主語Subject不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之51.吸煙對你來說是不好的。Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時間。鞏固練習(xí)11.吸煙對你來說是不好的。Itisnotgoodfo6(2).表語PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力學(xué)習(xí)).istostudyhardToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.(2).表語PredicativeMyjobisYou7Everyonewantstogetagoodjobinthefuture.(3)賓語

Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+todoliketodomanagetodoEveryonewantstogetagoodj8thinkconsiderfindmakefeel形式賓語4.我希望很快收到你的信。Ihopetohearfromyousoon.5.我決定不留下來。Idecidednottostay.6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Studentsthought______________________.7.她覺得沒有沒有必要和他辯論。Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.it+adj.+todo

鞏固練習(xí)2thinkconsider形式賓語4.我希望很快收到你的信9Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).補(bǔ)語Complement五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feel當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.

8.醫(yī)生建議他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodoTheteachertoldmetocleant10Imadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodo1.Hewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.fallB.tofall

C.fallingD.fallen1改錯:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohisworkImadehimdohiswork.He____11(5).定語Attributive(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)Heislookingfor__________.（一間可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.2.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedaboutthe2010Expo.（沒有什么可擔(dān)心的）aroomtolivein(5).定語Attributive(如果不定式中的動12Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表結(jié)果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Icameheretoseeyou.(6)狀語133.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept

2001春季高考第21題鞏固練習(xí)翻譯：1935年,他離開家再也沒回來。In1935helefthomenevertoreturn.3.____lateinthemorning,B14(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,Totellt15who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)8.不定式與疑問詞連用:注意：在與why連用時，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?who,which,when,how,what,wh161.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作補(bǔ)語5.作定語6.作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分:7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用1.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作補(bǔ)語5.作定語17(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/在它之后發(fā)生.)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)關(guān)于時態(tài)(1).Theypretendednottosee181.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.(01年高考)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold鞏固練習(xí)31.Theboypretended____when193.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave3.CharlesBabbageisgenerall20關(guān)于省略(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動詞.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?

(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?

A.I’dliketo

B.I’dliketogo

Yes,_______.A.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.Yes,______.關(guān)于省略(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要211.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto鞏固練習(xí)41.---Didyougetajob?2.The22不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbut____.(cry)(2).Ihavenochoicebut____.(go)(3).Whatdoyoulike____besides____.(do,sleep)crytogotodosleep不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時,23固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（過去式）（虛擬語氣）固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.24注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth．*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．

(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．

(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。

(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．

(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法*在thefirst,the25不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1.不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動賓關(guān)系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主謂關(guān)系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位關(guān)系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之261.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）獨(dú)立成分和疑問詞連用1.Toseeyouisglad.（作主語）(作賓語27休息一下休息一下28Gerund（動名詞）一.Structure：doingNegative：notdoing二.時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)ing一般式完成式makinghavingmade(不作定語）beingmadehavingbeenmade(不作定語Gerund（動名詞）一.Structure：doing29三.

在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1.作主語2.作賓語3.作定語4.作表語三.在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1.作主語2.作賓語3.作定語30Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.1.作主語:Seeingisbelieving.

e.g.---Whatmadehimsounhappy?---____theticketforthefootballmatch.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.LosingKey:________DLosingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappyCollectinginformationisvery31對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.類似的還有：Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnousedoingsth.對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。32IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?2.作賓語:Vt.Prep.+doingIenjoylearningEnglish.2.作賓語33下列動詞通常用~ing形式作賓語：admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,can’thelp,等。如:1）你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個小時的鋼琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．

3）Goodnewskeepscoming.

下列動詞通常用~ing形式作賓語：admit,apprec34

下列V.+prep.通常用~ing形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞toe.g.insiston,prevent…from,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excuse…for,apologizefor,lookforwardto,objectto,beusedto,beopposedto,…etc.Prep.后通常用~ing形式作賓語.e.g.Theboystoodstillwithout__________(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof___________(break)avase.daringhavingbroken下列V.+prep.通常用~ing形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞35todo和doing的區(qū)別:remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoingtodo和doing的區(qū)別:rememberto36注意:動詞如：permit,allow，forbid，advice，consider有不同的用法:①V+sbtodosth

&

V+doingsthe.g.：Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst．Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night．Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman．注意:動詞如：permit,allow，forbid37permit／allow／forbid／advise／consider／admitdoingsth.e.g.：

Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice．Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse．Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass.permit／allow／forbid／advise383.作表語Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.Hisjobisteaching.I’mfishing.Myhobbyisfishing.動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞3.作表語Myhobbyiscollectingst394.作定語:awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar區(qū)別ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)4.作定語:awalkingstick區(qū)別Thewal40Gerund的邏輯主語:Tominsistedoncomingtotheparty.Tominsistedonmycomingtotheparty.我?guī)缀鯚o法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.Gerund的邏輯主語:41動名詞表示被動意義:在動詞或詞組need,want,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的動名詞表示被動意義:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.動名詞表示被動意義:在動詞或詞組need,want,re42休息一下休息一下43非謂語動詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式Gerund動名詞Participle分詞-ing分詞-ed分詞非謂語動詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式Gerund44

-ing分詞(以make為例)-ed分詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式

完成式HavingmademakingbeingmadeHavingbeenmademadeXXX-ing分詞(以make為例)-ed分詞主動語態(tài)被動45分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性,在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語和賓語.

成份類別主語賓語定語表語賓補(bǔ)狀語現(xiàn)在分詞××過去分詞××分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性,在句子中461.作定語--thesunwhichisrising-ing分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有前置位&后置位.1.the

risingsun

2.Heisaretiredworker.--Heisaworkerwhohasalreadyretired.e.g.3.Theproblembotheringusisthelackofmoney.

4.Thesearegoodsimported

fromJapan.

前置位:后置位---Theproblem(whichis)botheringusisthelackofmoneyWhat’sthedifferencebetween-edand–ingparticiple?-ing分詞表示“進(jìn)行”-ed分詞表示“完成”-ing分詞表示“主動”-ed分詞表示“被動”主動進(jìn)行被動完成在時態(tài)上:在語態(tài)上:---Thesearegoods(whichwere)imported

fromJapan.

1.作定語--thesunwhichisrising47Moreexamples:1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

3.Heisawell-educatedlibrarian.2.Japanisadevelopedcountry.=acountrywhichisdeveloping.=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.--alibrarianwhohasbeenwelleducated.More

exercise:The_________(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.

Idon'tlike______(can)food,Iprefersomethingfresh.workingcanned1.Chinaisadevelopingcountr481.站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩看上去很膽小。Thegirl_____________________byhermother

lookedverytimid.2.最近到處在議論的話題都與2010年世博會有關(guān)。

Thetopics_____________________everywhererecentlyareconcernedaboutthe2010WorldExpo.standingwhowasstandingwhicharebeingdiscussedbeingdiscussed1.站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩看上去很膽小。standing49What’sthedifference?1.Thetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyareconcernedaboutthe2010WorldExpo.tobediscusseddiscussed進(jìn)行完成將來2.Thetopics________________(discuss)attomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.3.

Thetopics_______________(discuss)atyesterday’smeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008.What’sthedifference?1.Thet50鞏固練習(xí)一用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1)Theman__________(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy．2)Aman_______(respect)otherswillberespected．3)Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.4)Thematter_________(discuss)isveryimportant．beingquestionedrespectinginvitedbeingdiscussed鞏固練習(xí)一用所給動詞的正確形式填空：beingquesti515.被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。

Theboyinjuredbythecar

wassenttothehospitalimmediately.6.每天給我辦公室送郵件的人是位退休工人.Themandeliveringmailstomyofficeeverydayisaretiredworker.5.被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。52Theglassisbroken.Thefoodsmellsinviting.2.作表語Whathesaidsounds__________(convince).Hewas___________(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas____________(interest)．convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverbgiven：使…信服Theglassisbroken.2.作表語What53-ed分詞Sb.+Link.v+-ed分詞-ing分詞

Sth.+Link.v+-ing分詞類似情況還有：surprising~surprised,exciting~excited,tiring~tired,disappointing~disappointed,encouraging~encouraged，

amazed~amazing,bored~boring,pleasing~pleased,astonishing~astonished.人的感覺事物本身的特點(diǎn)-ed分詞人的感覺事物本身的特點(diǎn)54鞏固練習(xí)二用所給動詞的-ed或~ing形式填空：1)Thejourneywasquite______．(tire)2)Theresultoftheexammademe__________．(disappoint)3)Thiswasreallyan_______moment．(excite)4)His___________looksuggestedthathedidn’tunderstandit．(puzzle)5)Heseemedquite_______attheidea.(delight)6)Thepresentsituationis_________．(encourage)tiringdisappointedexcitingpuzzleddelightedencouraging鞏固練習(xí)二用所給動詞的-ed或~ing形式填空：tirin55Theycaughthimcheatinginthemid-termexaminationHewascaughtcheatinginthemid-termexamination.Youcan'tleavetheworkshopwiththemachinerunning.

3.作補(bǔ)語1.賓語補(bǔ)足語2.主語補(bǔ)足語3.介詞賓語補(bǔ)足語Theycaughthimcheatinginth56Fillintheblank:Hewassurprisedtofindhisroom

thoroughly_______.(clean)LastnightIsawhim_______(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_______(shut).“被動”“主動”Moreexercisescleanedplayingshut“被動”Fillintheblank:“被動”“主動”More57Iheardmysister________thatsonginEnglishoutside.(sing)

Theyonceheardthesong_________inEnglish.

Motherheardherkid___________thedoor.Motherheardthedoor_____________.(open)Withthetest

_________(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.We__________________________duringourlastmeeting.我們留下了很多問題沒解決.Wouldyoupleasespeakloudersoasto________?A.makeyouhearB.makeyourselfhearC.makeyouheardD.makeyourselfheardleftalotofproblemsunsolvedDsingingsungopeningopened鞏固練習(xí)三finishedIheardmysister________tha58分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語,而句子本身可與狀語從句等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。4.作狀語分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時間591.Whenweheardthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.

=Hearingthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.2.Whenitwasheated,themetalexpands.=Heated,themetalexpands.3.Becausehedidn‘tknow,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.=Notknowinghowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.4.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.=

Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.“主動”“被動”表示時間表示原因1.Whenweheardthenews,wej605.________(look)outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.=Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.6._______(keep)inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.

=If

theyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.表示條件LookingKept5.________(look)outofthew617.Thechildrenrushedout,shoutingandjumping.8.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,________byherlittledaughter.(follow)9.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,________herlittledaughter.(follow)10.————(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.=Althoughitisconsideredasabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.

e、表示讓步表示方式和伴隨情況followedfollowingConsidered7.Thechildrenrushedout,sh6211.Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus______(cause)thedelay.12.Theglassfelltotheground,_____(break)topieces.

表示結(jié)果Exercises分詞作狀語時，分詞前可加連詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。e.g.

heated,icecanbechangedintowater．

When

tired,Iwentonwiththework.

walkinginthestreet,Isawaroadaccident．WhileThoughcausingbroken11.Thecarwasheldupbythe631)Imeanttobuyaneveningpaper,butIdidn'tseeanyone______(sell)them.2)JustnowIsawaman______(walk)inthestreet,withalittlegirl_______(seat)onhisshoulder．3)Theladywouldlovetohaveherluggage_______(weigh).4)Thethiefwascaught______(steal)goodsinthesupermarketagain．5)---WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?---Oh，hewasseen______(knock)downandthedriver_______(drive)away．sellingwalkingseatedweighedstealingknockeddrove鞏固練習(xí)四1)Imeanttobuyaneveningpa64鞏固練習(xí)五__________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaredtosleepinherroom.(frighten)After__________itcarefully,helockedtheroomagain.(examine)Thepresidentexpressedhissatisfactionwiththeco-operation,________(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere．

______in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50yearsold.(build)_____fromadistance,theOperaHouselookslikeshipsails.(see)Although_______intheleg,hecontinuedfiringattheenemy.(shoot)FrightenedexaminingBuiltSeenshotadding鞏固練習(xí)五__________bynoisesint657)______(wear)outafteralongwalk,Henrycalledandsaidhecouldn'tcome．8)Whenfirst___________(introduce)themarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.9)Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself_____(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.10)When________(compare)withthesizeofthewholeearth,roducedheardcomparedWorn7)______(wear)outafteral661.作定語2.作表語4.作狀語3.作補(bǔ)語分詞1.作定語2.作表語4.作狀語3.作補(bǔ)語分詞67分詞的時態(tài):-ing/-ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作先后）;HavingdoneHavingbeendonee.g.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Havingbeenused

formanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.Moreexercises+主句（強(qiáng)調(diào)時間先后）分詞的時態(tài):-ing/-ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作先后）;M681)Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_______(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon．2)__________(be)theremorethanonce,theoldprofessorofferedtoshowusaroundthenewly-builtlibrary.3)_______________(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag．4)____________(notknow)

histelephonenumber,rmedHavingbeenHavingbeeninvitedNotknowing1)Thepresidentpromisedtoke69分詞的邏輯主語:分詞的邏輯主語一般為___________,但當(dāng)分詞的動作執(zhí)行者和句子的動作執(zhí)行者不一致時，分詞前必須有自己的主語，e.g.Ifweatherpermits,wewillhaveafieldtrip.Weatherpermitting,we‘llhaveafieldtriptomorrow．這被稱為_____________。時間允許,我們將在去杭州的路上順道看一下我叔叔.Timepermitting,wewillvisitmyuncleonmywaytoHangzhou.主句的主語分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的邏輯主語:主句的主語分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)70*但有些分詞作狀語屬習(xí)慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語可以不一致。如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagain．

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.類似的還有:SpeakingofTalkingof…*但有些分詞作狀語屬習(xí)慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語可以71高考題1.Theflowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(2004)A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(2004)A.recorded B.recordingC.toberecorded D.havingrecorded3.Generallyspeaking,____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(2003)A.whentaking B.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenBBA高考題1.Theflowers_____sweeti72休息一下休息一下731.___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，

A.Loseoneselfinthought

B.belostinthought

綜合練習(xí)1.___inthought,healmostran742.________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.HavingnotreceivedC3.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.beingused B.usingit C.beingusedto D.using

A4.____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand____themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;givingD2.________areply,hedecided755)Victorapologizedhis_______(notbe)abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.6)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_________(exhaust).7)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief__________(catch).8)Generally______(speak),When_____(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.9)Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_______(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplace______(live).notbeingexhaustedbeingcaughtspeakingtakentoplaytoplay5)Victorapologizedhis______7610)Though_______(lack)money,hisparentsmanaged______(send)himtouniversity.11)--Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?--Thekey________(solve)theproblemis_______(meet)thedemand________(make)bythecustomers.12)Withalotofdifficultproblems__________(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.13)_____(suffer)suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolate___(clear)uptheriver.14)Doletyourmother____(know)allthetruth.Sheappears__________(tell)everything.lackingtosendtosolvingtomeetmadetosettleHavingsufferedtoclearknowtohavebeentold10)Though_______(lack)mone7716)Sandycoulddonothingbut______(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.17)Mr.Reedmadeuphismind________(devote)allhehadto_____(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.18)Onelearnsalanguageby______(make)mistakesand________(correct)them.19)I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat__________(expect)inmynewjob.20)Tonywasveryunhappyfor_____________(notinvite)totheparty.admittodevotesettingmakingcorrectingtoexpectnothavingbeeninvited16)Sandycoulddonothingbut7821)_____(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhile__________(recover)fromtheoperation.22)Therearefivepairsofshoes___________(choose)from,butI'matalosswhich_______(buy).23)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_________(pay)bythehour.24)Whatworriedthechildmostwashis__________(notallow)visithismotherinthehospital25)Heclaimed__________________(treat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.Giventorecovertochoosetobuypaidnotbeingallowedtohavebadlytreated21)_____(give)thegeneralst7926)_______(fetch)waterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearulenever__________(break).27)While_______(shop),peoplesometimescan'thelp_____________(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.28)Shelooksforwardeveryspringto____(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.29)Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,____(fly)constantlywillpartofyourlife30)Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry_________(spend)wisely.Tofetchtobebrokenshoppingbeingpersuadedwalkingflyingtospend26)_______(fetch)waterbefo80非謂語動詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式（todo)Gerund動名詞(doing)Participle分詞(-ing分詞，-ed分詞）非謂語動詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式（todo81Structure:

tobedoneInfinitive（不定式）:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice（被動）:Structure:tobedoneInfiniti82被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式TenseandVoice

（時態(tài)與語態(tài)）

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

----------

tohavebeendoing----------todotobedone主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式TenseandVo831.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作補(bǔ)語5.作定語6.作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分:7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用1.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作補(bǔ)語5.作定語84(1).主語Subject不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apity…todo.Ittakessb+timetodo.isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight(1).主語Subject不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之851.吸煙對你來說是不好的。Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時間。鞏固練習(xí)11.吸煙對你來說是不好的。Itisnotgoodfo86(2).表語PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力學(xué)習(xí)).istostudyhardToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.(2).表語PredicativeMyjobisYou87Everyonewantstogetagoodjobinthefuture.(3)賓語

Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,dec