GIS專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)題(一)Directions:ThefollowingisalistoftermsaboutGeographicInformationSystems.Afterreadingit,youarerequiredtofindtheitemsequivalenttothosegiveninChineseinthetableChineseinthetable-.B-coordinatesystemC-mapprojectionsD-latitudeE-thematicmapF-vectordataG-spatialanalysisH-multimedia1-geo-referenceddataJ-informationretrieval1.()疊加分析4.()投影與匹配5.()數(shù)字高程模型(5*2=10marks)K-longitudeL-projectionandregistrationM-correlationanalysisN-spatialdataO-hypermediaP-geographicalinformationR-digitalelevationmodels(DEM)S-OverlayAnalysisT-databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)()經(jīng)度，經(jīng)線()專題地圖()空間數(shù)據(jù)()坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)Directions:Thereare5incompletestatementshere.YoushouldfillineachblankwiththeproperwordaccordingtotheknowledgeofGeographicInformationSystems.(10*1=10marks)ThePioneeringstageofdevelopmenthistoryofGISbegantoappearinthe.Therearetwomajormethodstoinput,storeandvisualizemappeddatainGIS:GISandGIS.Inthevectorbasedmodel,geospatialdataisrepresentedintheformof.Invectordata,thebasicunitsofspatialinformationare,andpolygons.inaGIS,locationsontheearth'ssurfacedescribedbyaseriesofx,ycoordinates.Coordinatesystemscanbeself-describedorinunitsthatrelatetotherealworld.Theunitsofgeodeticcoordinatesystemaredecimaldegrees;degrees,,TheformsofdatainGISaredata,dataandtemporaldata.Directions:Choosingthebestanswerfromthegivenfourchoicestofillintheblank.(10*2=20marks) TheabbreviationofGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)is.A.GPSB.MPSC.GISD.MISThefullnameofGISis.GeographicInformationSystemB.WordProcessingSystemC.GlobalPositioningSystem D.EarthSatelliteSystemThecorefunctionofGISis.queryB.retrievalC.statisticalcalculationD.spatialanalysisfunction GISwasgerminated(formed)intheearly.A.1950SB.1960s C.1970sD.1980swasconsideredasthefatherofGIS.GoodchildB.ColwellC.RogerTomlinsonD.TerryCoppokThefirstsysteminthemoderneratobegenerallyacknowledgedasaGISwasCanadaGeographicInformationSystem(orCGIS)B.GIS-basedresearchC.LoessPlateauInformationSystem D.WebGISInaGIS,locationsontheearth'ssurfacedescribedbyaseriesofx,ycoordinates.Coordinatesystemscanbeself-describedorinunitsthatrelatetotherealworld.Theunitsofplanarcoordinatesystemare.Decimaldegrees; B.degrees,minutes,secondsC.hours,minutes,secondsD.meters;andfeetAllDatawithinaGISarestoredwithindatabases.Adatabaseisacollectionofinformationaboutthingsandtheirrelationshipstoeachother.Geographicinformationsystemsrelyontwointerrelatedtypesofdatabases:thedatabaseandthedatabase.spatial,non-spatialB.spatial,attributeC.vector;raster D.vector-based;raster-basedDevelopingtheboundariesoftheregionwithinthespecifieddistancefromtheairportiscalledaproximityoroperation,andisacommontoolinspatialanalysis.overlayB.networkC.bufferD.spatialstatisticsOneofthesignificantsignsthatGISdistinguishesfromotherinformationsystemsis.spatialanalysis B.attributeanalysisC.statisticalanalysisD.correlationanalysisDirections:TranslatingthefollowingSpecializedEnglishwordsintoChineseorEnglish.(16*2=32marks)spatialdatageographicanalysisdatabasemanagementandupdatethematicmaplatitudeandlongitudegeodeticcoordinatesystemaerialphotographsmultimedia/hypermediaGIS硬件和軟件數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換信息技術(shù)地圖投影矢量和柵格數(shù)據(jù)輸入和輸出系統(tǒng)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境管理與保護(hù)Directions:TranslatingthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(3*4=12marks)GISisasystemofhardware,softwareandprocedurestofacilitatethemanagement,manipulation,analysis,modeling,representationanddisplayofgeo-referenceddatatosolvecomplexproblemsregardingplanningandmanagementofresources.Withtheavailabilityofreal-timeglobalpositioningsystemsandcost-effectivemobiletelecommunications,ithasbecomepossibletodevelopreal-timeGISthatmonitor,transmits,recordsandanalysesthemovementofmobileagentssuchasvehicles,peopleoranimals.Theso-calledgeo-spatialinformationsciencedependsoncomputertechnologyandcommunicationtechnologyasthemaintechnicalsupportincludingglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),geographicinformationsystems(GIS),remotesensing(RS)andotherspatialinformationtechnology.Itsfunctionscontainacquisition,measurement,analysis,storage,management,display,transmissionandapplicationofthedataoftheearthandspatialdistribution.Geo-spatialinformationscienceisanimportantpartofearthinformationscience.Directions:Answeringthefollowingquestions.(4*4=16marks)WhatarethemajorcomponentsofGISystem?AndwhatarethefunctionsofGIS?Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrasterdata?WhatkindoffunctionsdoesGISspatialanalysishave?Canyougivesomerelativeexamplesfordifferentfunctionsrespectively?GIScanbewidelyinmanyrealm,andpleasegiveseveralexamplesofGISapplications.GIS專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)題(二)I.Directions:ThefollowingisalistoftermsaboutGeographicInformationSystems.Afterreadingit,youarerequiredtofindtheitemsequivalenttothosegiveninChineseinthetablebelow.(5*2=10marks)A-informationextractionA-informationextractionB-spatialresolutionC-geometriccorrectionD-microwaveremotesensingE-imagefusion/integrationF-losslesscompressionH-quantitativeremotesensing1-electromagneticspectrumJ-LightDetectionandRangingG- radio detection and rangingR)分辨率2.()信息提取3.()無損壓縮5.()雷達(dá)(無線電測距與定位)-yL-spatialresolutionM-analogimageN-radiometriccorrection()模擬圖像()圖像融合()定量遙感II.Directions:Thereare5incompletestatementshere.Youshouldfillineacherdgoe efcSystems.(16*1=16marks)Remotesensingoftheenvironmentbygeographersisusuallydonewiththehelpofmechanicaldevicesknownas.Inrespecttothetypeofenergyresources,thetypesofremotesensingcanbedividedintoremotesensingandremotesensing.Remotesensingisthescienceofinformationabouttheearth'ssurfacewithoutactuallybeingincontactwithit.Thisisdonebyandreflectedoremittedenergyandprocessing,analyzing,andapplyingthatinformation.Differentimagecapturedbydifferentremotesensinginstrumentshavedifferentcharacters.Charactersofsatellitesensorconsistofsatelliteandswathandthe,,radiometricandresolutionsofremotesensingdata.FeaturesUsedinImageInterpretationandRecognitionincludeshape,size,orcolor,,shadowand.Thesimplestformofremotesensingusesphotographiccamerastorecordinformationfromvisibleornearwavelengths.DuringWorldWarI,photographyplayedanimportantrole.ThedevelopmentofphotographyfollowingWorldWarIIgaveamorenaturaldepiction(n.描繪，描寫)ofsurfaceobjects.Directions:Choosingthebestanswerfromthegivenfourchoicestofillintheblank.(10*2=20marks)GeographersusethetechniquesoftomonitorormeasurephenomenafoundintheEarth'slithosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere,andatmosphere.A.eyesB.remotesensingC.thesenseofsmellD.thesenseofhearingInrespecttowavelengthregions,remotesensingcanbeclassifiedintothreetypes.Theyarevisibleandreflectiveinfraredremotesensing,infraredremotesensingandremotesensing.thermal;microwaveB.thermal;radarC.microwave;radioD.radar;radioRecentadvancesinremotesensingandgeographicinformationhaveledthewayforthedevelopmentofRemoteSensing,whichisaninstrumentcalledan"activesensor”.spatialB.spectralC.radarD.laserThefullnameofRSis.RandomAccessMemory B.RecordingofenergybythesensorC.Remotelysenseddata D.RemoteSensingInthe,arevolutioninremotesensingtechnologybeganwiththedeploymentofspacesatellites.A.1950sB.1960s C.1970sD.1980sThefirstmeteorologicalsatellite,,waslaunchedbytheUnitedStatesusinganAtlasrocketonApril1,1960.TlROS-1 B.LandsatC.SPOTD.Radarsat-1,whichwaslaunchedin2002,hasamaximumgroundresolutionof2.5xmetersinbothpanchromaticmodeandmultispectraloperation.A.Landsat7B.SPOTC.Radarsat-1D.SPOT-5Radarisanacronymfor.RadarRemoteSensing B.RadioDetectionC.RadioDetectionandRanging D.RadioSignalsAsamicrowaveremotesensingtechnique,systemhasall-dayandall-weatherimagingcapabilityandprovidesuniqueimagesandhasbecomeanimportanttechniqueofdataacquisitionforchangedetection,especiallyinsomeregionswhereitisdifficultforopticalsensorstoacquirehigh-qualityimage.RadarB.SARC.LIDARD.InSARtechnologyhasevolvedinthelastfourdecadestobecomeaprominentremotesensingtoolforgeo-spatialresearches,whichisanactiveopticalremotesensingtechnologythatmeasurespropertiesofscatteredlighttofindrangeandotherinformationofadistanttarget.SARB.RadarC.InSARD.LIDARDirections:TranslatingthefollowingSpecializedEnglishwordsintoChineseorEnglish.(12*2=24marks)electromagneticradiationmulti-spectralScanner(MSS)spectralresolutionradiometriccorrectiondigitalelevationordigitalterrainmodels(DEMs/DTMs)ThematicMapper遙感雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)波段數(shù)字圖像被動式/主動式傳感圖象分析Directions:TranslatingthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(3*5=15marks)Remotesensingisatechnologyforsamplingelectromagneticradiationtoacquireandinterpretnon-contiguousgeospatialdatafromwhichtoextractinformationaboutfeatures,objects,andclassesontheearth'slandsurface,oceans,andatmosphere.RadiationandtheAtmosphere(B)一astheenergytravelsfromitssourcetothetargetitwillcomeincontactwithandinteractwiththeatmosphereitpassesthrough.Thisinteractionmaytakeplaceasecondtimeastheenergytravelsfromthetargettothesensors.InteractionwiththeTarget(C)一oncetheenergymakesitswaytothetargetthroughtheatmosphere,itinteractswiththetargetdependingonthepropertiesofboththetargetandtheradiation.Directions:Answeringthefollowingquestions.(3*5=15marks)Whatistheprocessofremotesensing?Canyoudescribetheprocessofremotesensinginasimpleway?Whatarecharacteristicsofsatelliteremotesensingimage?Intheresourcesmanagementandenvironmentalmonitoring,couldyoupleasegiveussomeexamplestoexplaintheapplicationareathatcanbenefitfromtheintegrationofaGIS,RSandGPS?GIS專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)題(三)Directions:ThefollowingisalistoftermsaboutGeographicInformationSystems.Afterreadingit,youarerequiredtofindtheitemsequivalenttothosegiveninChineseinthetablebelow.(5*2=10marks)A-smartphones G-mastercontrolstationB-PersonalDigitalAssistant(PDA) H-WirelessLocalAreaNetwork(WLAN)C-atmosphericdelayC-atmosphericdelayD-LocationBasedService(LBS)E-orbitalplanesF-GlobalSystemforMobile4.()基于位置的服務(wù)5.()應(yīng)急響應(yīng)1-EmergencyResponseJ-PrecisePositioningService(PPS)K-StandardPositioningService-d()精準(zhǔn)定位服務(wù)()個人數(shù)字助理/掌上電腦()軌道平面()無線局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)()全球通信系統(tǒng)II. Directions:Thereare5incompletestatementshere.YoushouldfillineachblankwiththeproperwordaccordingtotheknowledgeofGeographicInformationSystems.(16*1=16marks)GPSsystemconsistsofthreemajorsegments:thesegment,thesegmentandthesegment.BesidesGPS,nowtherearethreekindsofsatellitepositionnavigationsystemintheworld.Theyare:globalnavigationsatellitesystem()offormerSovietUnion,GalileosystemofEuropeanUnion(UN)andSystemofChina.Theconstellationiscomposedof24satellitesinsixorbitalplanes.Thesatellitesoperateincircular20,200km(10,900nm)orbitsataninclinationangleof55degreesandwitha12-hourperiod.EachsatellitetransmitsontwoLfrequencies,LI(1575.42MHz)andL2(1227.6MHz).Ingeneral,awirelesscommunicationsystemconsistsofthreemaincomponents:theMobileSwitchingCentres(MSC)orequipment,theandtheuser.Theintegrationofremotesensing,GPS,andGIScanbeconceptualizedandsummarizedbyfourmodels:,,hierarchicaland.TheapplicationsofintegrationofGIS,RSandGPSincluderesourcesmanagementandenvironmental,emergency,andmapping.Directions:Choosingthebestanswerfromthegivenfourchoicestofillintheblank.(10*2=20marks)Thesystem,operatedbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense,isthefirstGPSsystemwidelyavailabletocivilianusers.A.GNSSB.NAVSTARC.GLONASSD.BeidouThe,sometimescalledtheStandardPositioningService(SPS),isapseudorandomnoisecodethatismodulatedontotheLIcarrier.A.Coarse-Acquisition(C/A)codeB.Precision(P)codeC.YcodeD.PRNcode3.Systemisthoughtasthemostaccurateobservemethodnow.A.GPSB.OCSC.GNSSD.RTK"3S"technologyrefersto.A.GISRSGPSB.GISDSSGPSC.GISGPSOSD.GISDSSRSPseudo-randomnoisecodehasPcode,Ycodeand.A.XcodeB.C/AcodeC.P/YD.Y/AInordertoconnectmobiledevicestoafixednetworkinwhichthecartographicserverwillbeset,wecanusetwokindsofwirelessnetworks.shavealimitedcoverage,fromfewmeterstosomekilometers.Theirmaincharacteristicsarethattheyprovidehightransmissionratesandusuallyareprivatelyowned.A.WWANB.WAPC.WLAND.WMLThemobilehandsetsmaybecellphonesorsmallhandheldcomputingdevicesknownas.A.PDAB.LBSC.OSD.PVTisamustforthewidespreadadoptionoflocation-basedservices.Moreover,itensuresnetworksecurityandprivacyandhelpstofacilitatebillingandrevenuesharing.A.DiversemobilemappingstandardsB.MarketcapacityC.Interoperability D.UserprivacyGPSdetermineslocationbycomputingthedifferencebetweenthetimeasignalissentandthetimeisreceived.GPSsatellitescarrythatprovideextremelyaccuratetime.Thetimeinformationisplacedinthecodesbroadcastbythesatellitesothatareceivercancontinuouslydeterminethetimethesignalwasbroadcast.A.atomicclocksB.electronicclocksC.GISreceiverD.sensorsSArefersto.A.PrecisePositioningServiceB.SelectiveAvailabilityC.StandardPositioningServiceD.anti-spoofingDirections:TranslatingthefollowingSpecializedEnglishwordsintoChineseorEnglish.(12*2=24marks)constellationpseudo-rangespatialvisualizationphasecoarse/acquisition(C/A)codecarrierfrequencies實(shí)時民用碼精確碼(p碼)GIS接收機(jī)全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)筆記本電腦Directions:TranslatingthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(3+3*4=15marks)1.GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isaspace-basedradio-navigationsystem,consistingof24satellitesandgroundsupport.GPSprovidesuserswithaccurateinformationabouttheirpositionandvelocity,aswellasthetime,anywhereintheworldandinallweatherconditions.GPSisapublicinformationserviceusedbyboththepublicandprivatesectionsofourglobaleconomy