人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】詞。用法注意some和any/不可數(shù)名。some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件從句。有些問(wèn)句中用some,不用any,問(wèn)話者希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答。some,any,no,everybody,one,thing不定代詞若有定語(yǔ)修飾,該定語(yǔ)要置于其后：如：somethinginteresting【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】buysthforab./buysb.sth為某人買(mǎi)某物taste+adj.nothing...but+seem+(tobe)+adj看起來(lái)arrivein/arriveatdecidetodosth.trydoingsth./trytodosth.enjoydoingsth.wanttodosth.startdoingsth.=begindoingsth.stopdoingsth.停止做某事區(qū)分：stoptodosth.下來(lái)去做某事dislikedoingsth.14.so+adj+that+從句 如此……以至于……tellsb.(not)todosth.（不要）keepdoingsth. 繼續(xù)做某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事/forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事【詞語(yǔ)辨析】takeaphoto/takephotosquiteafewseem+形容詞看起來(lái)…...Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth./好像做某事IseemtohaveaItseems+從句似乎..….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike...好像,似乎…..Itseemslikeagoodidea.arrivein+大地點(diǎn)=getto=reach+地點(diǎn)名 “達(dá). ”arriveat+小地點(diǎn)（注：若后跟地點(diǎn)副詞here/there/home,介詞需省略,如：arrivehere;gethome）feellikesthdoingsth.wonder（想知道（who,what,why)引導(dǎo)的從句。becauseof+名/because+從句Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.enough形容詞/副詞+enoughUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】1.頻率副詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,neverbe常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中。2.“次數(shù)”的表達(dá)方法一次once,兩次twicetimes,threetimes,fivetimes,3.howoften“多久一次”問(wèn)頻率,回答常含有頻率詞組或短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的how疑問(wèn)詞：1）Howsoon多久（以后）—Howsoonwillhebeback?他多久能回來(lái)？—Hewillbebackinamonth.他一個(gè)月后能回來(lái)。2）howlong“多久”—Howlongdidittakeyoutocleanthehouse?用了多久？—Ittookmehalfanhourtocleanthehouse.我打掃這房子用了半小時(shí)。3）Howmany+名復(fù)Howmuch+不可名“多少”問(wèn)數(shù)量（howmuch還可問(wèn)價(jià)格）【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】gotothemovieslookafter=takecareofsurftheinternethealthylifestylegoskateboardingkeephealthy=stayhealthyeatinghabitstakemoreexercisethesameasbedifferentfromonceamonthtwiceaweekmakeadifferenceto對(duì) 有影/作用mostofthestudents=moststudentsshop=goshopping=dosomeshoppingbegoodfor對(duì) 有益bebadfor對(duì) 有害comehomefromschoolofcourse=certainly=suregetgoodgradeskeep/beingoodhealthtakeavacation【詞語(yǔ)辨析】1.maybe/maybemaybe是副詞,意為“大概,可能,或許”,一般用于句首。be是情態(tài)動(dòng),意為“可能...,也許...,大概是. ”.Thebabyiscrying.Maybesheishungry.Thewomanmaybeateacher.afew/few/alittle/afewalittle(一點(diǎn)兒,少量)表示肯定few(很少的,幾乎沒(méi)有的)little(很少的,幾乎沒(méi)有的)表示否定修飾可數(shù)名詞Peoplecanliveto100,butfewpeoplecanliveto150.Thereislittletimeleft.Iwon’tcatchthefirstbus.Couldyougivemealittlemilk?hard/hardlyhardhardlyThegroundistoohardtodig.Icanhardlyunderstandthem.It’sraininghard.Thepeoplecanhardlygooutside.Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeverydayas-ing式（即動(dòng)名詞。如：Asforhim,Ineverwanttoseehimhere.至于他,我永遠(yuǎn)不希望在這里見(jiàn)到。Asforthestory,you'dbetternotbelieveit.關(guān)于那故事,你最好不要相信。Thatsoundsinteresting.聽(tīng)起來(lái)（看起來(lái)聞起來(lái)嘗起來(lái)覺(jué)得（好象）,grow（變得）,get（變得）等詞在英語(yǔ)中可用作系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如：Ittastesgood.這味道好。Themusicsoundsverysweet.這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很入耳。Thesmokegrewheavierandheavier.煙霧變得越來(lái)越濃了。percent名詞,意為“百分之……”百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法：基數(shù)+percent(不用復(fù)數(shù)形式),percent做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)其后面的名詞來(lái)確定。50％：fiftypercent百分之五十Fiftypercentoftheapplesarebad.percentofthemeatisinthefridge.冰箱not…atallbe動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。Thestoryisn’tinterestingatall.那個(gè)故事一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有趣。Itis+adj.todosth.Itisinterestingtoplaycomputergames.玩電腦很有趣。take,spend,payIttakessb.sometimetodosth.意為“花費(fèi)某人……時(shí)間來(lái)做某事”。人(sb.)spend/錢(qián)onsth.“買(mǎi)某物花了……錢(qián)”。人(sb.)spend時(shí)間/(in)doing“事”。pay的主語(yǔ)必須是人,而“花錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物”為pay...for...however副詞,意為“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞和副詞的原形就是原級(jí)（1）A+be+than+B“AB（注意：A與B必須是同級(jí)的,即必須是人與人,物與物進(jìn)行對(duì)比）“A+than+B”表示“AB…”比較A,B兩/兩事物問(wèn)其中哪一個(gè)較… 時(shí)用句型：“Who/which+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+adj./adv.比較級(jí),AorB?”Whoisthinner,JennyorMary?比較級(jí)的特殊用法“比較級(jí)+and用“moreandmore+原級(jí)”“the+比較級(jí)(…),the+越…”Themore,thebetter.主+is+the形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+名復(fù)“主語(yǔ)是兩者中較 的”兩者在某一方面相同：A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as+B.HelenisastallasAmy.PeterstudiesashardasTom.表示兩者在某一方面不及另一方時(shí),用“notas/so+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as”Iamnotastallasmysister.當(dāng)需要表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度時(shí),可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,so,too,quite【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】1.moreoutgoing更外向/更開(kāi)朗2.as...as...與……一樣thesingingcompetitionthemostimportantbetalentedinmusicthesameascareabout//關(guān)注bedifferentfrom與… 不同belikeamirroraslongas只要；與… 一樣長(zhǎng)bringout/顯出getbettergradesreachfor/達(dá)到touchone’sheart感動(dòng)infactmakefriendsbegoodattheotherbesimilartobegoodwithhavefun=Haveagoodtimehavefundoingsthdothesamethingsasme.dosth.“做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)24makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友25.aslongas只要；既然,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句【詞語(yǔ)辨析】begoodat=dowellin,其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,表careaboutcarefortakecare(當(dāng)/小心)takecareof(照顧)=lookaftermakesb.dosth（make的不定式）Hisfatheralwaysmakemegetupbeforefiveo'clock.makesb.+形容詞：使某人保持某種狀態(tài)Myfriendsalwaysmakemehappy.belike“就像…”Iamlikeyoursister.looklikeIlooklikemysister.That’swhy+/那就是為什么…That'swhyIstudyEnglishhard.原因。bedifferentfrom反：bethesameasthough①adv.不過(guò)；可是；然而（句末補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明使語(yǔ)氣減弱）②conj.雖然；盡管=although,與but不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)句子中Hesaidhewouldcome.Hedidn’t,though.他說(shuō)他要來(lái),可是并沒(méi)有來(lái)。Though/Althoughhehasbeendeadformanyyears,manypeoplestillrememberhim.盡管他已經(jīng)去世很多年了,但很多人仍然記得他。getbettergradesdo/did)意動(dòng)詞。begoodwithsb.Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】標(biāo)志詞：表比較范圍時(shí)用in/of形容詞最高級(jí)前須加定冠詞the,副詞最高級(jí)前可省略the。表示“三者（或以上）中最……的”的句型1）A+be+the形容詞最高級(jí)+表示范圍（in/of介詞短語(yǔ)）2）A+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(the)副詞最高級(jí)+表示范圍的of/in介詞短語(yǔ)3.常用句式1)Who/Which…+最高級(jí)…,A,BorC?2)oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“最…之一”。3）序數(shù)詞后跟形容詞最高級(jí)【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】sofarnoproblemhave….incommon有相同特征（想法、興趣等方面）相同beupto由…...決/是… 的職責(zé)allkindsof…各種各樣的……playaroleindoingsth./sth.makeup（故事、謊言等）forexample=e.g.take…..seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待noteverybodycloseto離. 近moreandmore【詞語(yǔ)辨析】Howdoyoulike+名//V-ing=Whatdoyouthinkof認(rèn)為…怎么樣？”Thanksfor=Thankyoufor/代/V-ing:“感謝…”You’rewelcome.=Notatall.不客氣talent名（可）talentshow才藝表演talentedadj.betalentedin在 方面有天賦begoodat(＝dowellin)反義短語(yǔ)：bepoor/weakin在...方面薄弱begoodfor對(duì)……有益,后跟人或事物；其反義短語(yǔ)是bebadforbegoodto對(duì)……好(和善；慈愛(ài)),相當(dāng)于befriendlyto,后面通常接人allkindsofkindsofakindof一種…...*kindof有點(diǎn)+adj.：kindofboring/fat/thinwinvt.winnern.watchsb.dosth.watchdoingsth.as常列舉幾個(gè)例子,不能窮盡,可和andsoon等)連用；likesuchasforexample//句末。Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】youthinkofdoyoulike…?描述喜好Ilove/like/don’tmind/dislike/can’tstand…復(fù)習(xí)鞏固一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+V+其他；主語(yǔ)（三單）+V(三單)+其他)【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】findout/發(fā)現(xiàn)bereadytododressup/化妝成takeone'splacedoagoodjob/表演的出色thinkof/思考gameshow游戲節(jié)目learnfrom向… 學(xué)習(xí)talkshowsoapoperagoonwatchamovieoneof…其中之一tryone’sbestto=doone’sbestto竭盡全力apairofasfamousas/出名looklikearoundtheworldhaveadiscussionaboutoneday/某一天suchasasymbolof/標(biāo)志somethingenjoyableinterestinginformation【詞語(yǔ)辨析】want+n想要……wanttodosth想要做某事wantsbtodosth想讓某人做某事……mind//V-ingstande.g.Stand/代/V-ingplanvt.,plantodoplan：makeplansv.discussion→n.discussionhadadiscussionaboutsth.happenv.sth+happenstosb.”或“sthhappened+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)”句式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may語(yǔ)氣弱于can,意為“可能”mightmay/mightnot表示否定推測(cè)時(shí)語(yǔ)氣最弱,意為“可能不”Theymaynotbeveryexciting.它們可能不是那么令人興奮。expecttodosth.hopetodosth:很多動(dòng)詞后面都可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),如：want,like,hope,wish,learn,start,begin,prefer,try,askbefamousasbefamousforsth.因?yàn)?而出名oneof…詞用單數(shù)。OneofmyfavoritemoviesisMr.Bean.是憨豆先生。shown.節(jié)目TVshows/talentshows；v.展示showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience.【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)/短語(yǔ)用法解析】1.wanttobe/become+職)名詞:“想要成為… ”Iwanttobe(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.2.writestories寫(xiě)故事tellstories講故事keepondoingsth.（表動(dòng)作的反復(fù)）keepingdoingsth.保持做某事（表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)）besureabout+名//V-ing“Areyousureaboutthat?makesure(that)+從句“…...確保. ”Makesurethatbothdoorsareclosedwhenyougoout.5.learnsth.WemustlearnEnglisheveryday.learntodosth. Iamgoingtolearntoplay(play)piano.discussv.討論；商量 名詞是discussiondiscusswithsb.與某人討論:Discussthisquestionwithyourpartner.Let’sdiscussthisproblem.Allweneednowisaction,notdiscussion.我們現(xiàn)在需要的是行動(dòng),不是討論。beabletodosth.cancanbeableto+動(dòng)詞原形,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。canableto服一定困難有能力做成某事。Hewillbeableto(能夠)speakEnglishnextyear.（在此不能填can）promisen.v.makeapromise(tosb)（對(duì)某人）許下諾言keepapromisebreakapromise違背諾言promise(sb)todosth.許諾某人干某事promise(sb)+that從句Hepromisedtohelpme.他許諾過(guò)要幫助我。IpromisedthatIstudyhardfromnowon.我承諾從現(xiàn)在起努力學(xué)習(xí)。havetodowith關(guān)于；與……有關(guān)系Thebookhastodowithcomputers.那本書(shū)與計(jì)算機(jī)有關(guān)。takeupsth./doingsth.（尤指為消遣）學(xué)著做；開(kāi)始做Iamgoingtotakeupcookingnextyear.明年我將要學(xué)煮飯。Sometimestheresolutionsmaybetoodifficulttotoo+形容詞/副詞to+動(dòng)詞原形,表示“太…...而不能. ”如：Thekidistooyoungtoplaythisgame.玩這個(gè)游戲。12.one’sown+名詞“某人自己的東西”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某物為個(gè)人所有myownbook我自己的書(shū)本【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】一般將來(lái)時(shí)“am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)基本形式否定式：am/is/arenotgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問(wèn)式：am/is/are+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式？HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在倫敦度假。Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.Ishegoingtocollectanydataforus?他會(huì)幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎？Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天你打算作什么？基本用法表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、安排好打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。DadandIaregoingtowatchanoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。測(cè)。Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧！烏云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)/短語(yǔ)用法解析】1.manymuch+不可數(shù)名詞許多l(xiāng)ivetobe+基數(shù)詞+yearsold“活到. 歲”beingreatdangerplayapartin//V-ing./做某事Everyoneshouldplayapartinsavingtheearth.5.help(sb.)withsth.（某人）做某事HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.helpsb.(to)dosth.（某人）HeoftenhelpsmestudyEnglish.helponeself(toHelpyourselftothefish.請(qǐng)隨便吃魚(yú)thesameas…differentfromIttakes/took/willtakesb.sometimetodosth.）Ittakesmeanhourtogettomyoffice.spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢(qián)）sb.spend(in)doingsth.（金錢(qián)）某事。Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我個(gè)小時(shí)。Theyspenttwoyearsbuildingthisbridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。hundredsof+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 許/大量數(shù)詞+hundred+名詞復(fù)數(shù)幾百類似的數(shù)詞還有thousand（千）,million（萬(wàn)）Therearefourhundredstudentsinourgrade.TherearehundredsoftouristsinBeijingeveryyear.9.during在…期間duringthevacation/thedaytime/theweekend10.themeaningof…的意思Canyoutellmethemeaningofthewords?【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】一般將來(lái)時(shí)一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的含義一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)?lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1.will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形will所代替。否定式：willnot=won't；shallnot=shan't一般疑問(wèn)式：will/shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式？Iwill/shalldoabetterjobnexttime.Oilandwaterwillnotmix.—WillhehelpyouwithyourEnglishtonight?今天晚上他會(huì)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎？—Yes,hewill./No,hewon't.是的,他會(huì)。/不,他不會(huì)?！猈henwillyouarriveforAmerica?你什么時(shí)候去美國(guó)？—Tomorrow.明天。2.am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形否定式：am/is/arenotgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問(wèn)式：am/is/are+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式？HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.度假。Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.Ishegoingtocollectanydataforus?他會(huì)幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎？Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天你打算作什么？三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法will+動(dòng)詞原形與am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形的用法雖然都表示將來(lái)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或情況,一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。will表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。Theywillgotovisitthefactorytomorrow.明天他們將去廠參觀工廠。I’llcomewithWangBing,LiuTaoandYangLing.我將和王兵、劉濤、楊玲一起來(lái)。表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來(lái)。TodayisSaturday.Tomorrowwillbe今天是星期六。明天是（將）是星期日。Hewillbethirtyyearsoldthistimenextyear.明年這個(gè)時(shí)候他就（將）三十歲?！狹aryhasbeenillforaweek.瑪麗病了一周了?！狾h,Ididn'tknow.Iwillgoandseeher.噢,我不知道。我去看看她。begoingto表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、安排好打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。DadandIaregoingtowatchanoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。測(cè)。Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧！烏云密集。天要下雨了。Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)/短語(yǔ)用法解析】cutcut。cutup意為“切碎”Cutupthebananas.=Cutthebananasup.Cutit/themup.turnonturnoffupturndownmorethingtenminutes再多十分鐘數(shù)字+moreanother+數(shù)字+物品指“另外的……當(dāng)數(shù)字為one時(shí),常與more連用或只用another。Givemetwomorehamburgers？anothertwohamburgersforgettodosth.（去）做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過(guò)某事。It’satimetodosth.該是（某人）事的時(shí)期了It’stime（fordosth.=It’stimeforsth.（某人）做某事的時(shí)間了。It’satimeforyoutostudyEnglish.It’stimeforustogotoforschool.)6.givethanksfor名/代V-ing“感恩. ”Weshouldgivethanksforourparents.Hegavethanksforlifeandfood.MostAmericansstillcelebratethisideasofthanksbyhavingabigmeal.by+sth./doing:）以…...方式IstudyEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.在...…的旁邊Iamsittingbythepool.3）Ihavetogotoschoolby4）Igotoschoolbybus.HereisHereisaphotoofmyfamily.Hereare+名復(fù)HerearesomeEnglishbooks.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),要用順裝。如：Hereyouare.(對(duì))Hereareyou.(錯(cuò))fillsth.withsth.befullof“Ifilledthecupwiththemilk.Thecupisfullofthemilk.put…in(into)…把…...放到. 里cover…with…用… 覆蓋cut…into把…...切成...…Cuttheappleintopieces.cutup…切碎servev.n.serviceserve+名/代“提供…”Theshopservesnicefood.servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.Serveittoyourfriendswithsomevegetables.servesb.withsth.“用某物招待某人”Servetheguestswithsometea.【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】名詞：名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象及其它抽象概念名稱的詞。一、名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞是表示具體的人、事物、地點(diǎn)、或機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名稱。如：Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO等。專有名詞一般情況下第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。普通名詞是表示一類人、事物或抽象概念的名稱。如：police,eggs,rice等。二、普通名詞又可分為個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。個(gè)體名詞：表示某一類人或某一類東西中的個(gè)體。如：monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。集體名詞：表示一群人或一類事物的總稱。如：family,police,class,people等。物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體或不具備確定形狀和大小的實(shí)物。如：Water,air,milk等。抽象名詞：表示抽象概念詞。如：hope,love,spirit。英語(yǔ)的名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩種。一般來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多為可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多為不可數(shù)名詞。三、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則總結(jié)規(guī)則變化map—mapsbird—birdsorange—oranges桔子bike—bikes自行車以s,x,ch,shbox—boxesclass—classes以ophoto—photosradio—radioszoo—zoos以otomato—tomatoes土豆hero—heroes英雄negro—negroes黑人以輔音字母加yy為i"-esbaby—babiesfamily—families家庭以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加"-s"boy—boys男孩toy—toys玩具以feffe或f變?yōu)関es“knife—kniveswife—wives不規(guī)則變化childchildrenfootfeettoothteethmousemicemanmenwomanwomen注意：與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但GermanGermansBowmantheBowmans。單復(fù)同形的名詞如：deer,sheep,fishChinese,Japanese,jin,yuan注意：除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers如：peoplepolice,cattleapeople,apolice,acattle.但可以說(shuō)aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattletheEnglish,the British,theFrench,the Japanese,theSwiss等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如：TheChinesearehard-workingandbrave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。以smaths,politics（學(xué)）,physicsnewstheUnitedStates,theUnitedNations為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。注意兩點(diǎn)glassestrousers,clothes若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers貨物,waters,fishes（各種）魚(yú)四、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞意味著這些名詞只能是單數(shù),沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與數(shù)目字如one,two等連用,也不能加不定冠詞a(n)。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分,但我們?cè)谏钪杏袝r(shí)候又必需給這些詞計(jì)量,我們于是采用這種方法：a+表示這些東西的單位+of+不可數(shù)名詞,如：acupoftea,aboxofmilk,apieceofpaper等。如果為了表示多個(gè)的概念,我們就將表示這些東西的單位變成復(fù)數(shù)即可。如：acupoftea3cupsoftea,aboxofmilk12boxesofmilk,Apieceofpaper100piecesofpaper【注意】當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。例如：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物（不可數(shù)Thesecakesaresweet.（可數(shù)）producessteel（不可數(shù)Weneedvarioussteels（可數(shù)）Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。Twoteas,please.請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。fourfreedomsthefourmodernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)/短語(yǔ)用法解析】one…another…one…theother…表示兩者中的另一個(gè)Idon'tlikethisone,canyoushowmeanother?Ihavetwobrothers.Oneisalawyerandtheotherisamanager.some…others…表示沒(méi)有范圍限定的“一些…...另些. ”some…theothers…表示某一范圍的“一些...…其的… ”SomegotoschoolbybikeandothersgotoschoolbySomegotoschoolbybikeandtheothersgotoschoolbybus.invitev.n.invitationinvitesb.todosth.“邀請(qǐng)某人干某事”invitesb.to+地點(diǎn)名詞Mr.Greeninvitedmetovisithisfactorylastweek.ThanksalotforyourinvitationThanksforinvitingmetoyourparty.3.（1）What’sthedatetoday?意為“今天是幾月幾號(hào)？”It’s+月+日。dayisittoday?意為“今天是星期幾？”It’s期幾。—What’sthedate?—It’sSeptember10th.—Whatdayisittoday?—It’sWednesday.4.havealesson(class)上課haveanEnglishlessonpreparev.準(zhǔn)備n.preparationpreparesth.“準(zhǔn)備某物”,所準(zhǔn)備的東西就是后面的賓語(yǔ)。prepareforsth.“為……做準(zhǔn)備”,指為后面的賓語(yǔ)做準(zhǔn)備preparetodosth.“準(zhǔn)備做某事”bring...to…“帶來(lái)”把某物從別的地方帶到說(shuō)話人的地方take…to…“（向相反）Bringyourhomeworkhere,andtakethebookaway.：with“具有”Wecan’tlivewithoutwater.Janeisabeautifulgirlwithlonghair.8.sothat+從句：以便于；目的是IstudyhardsothatIcangetgoodgrades.9.surprisen.驚奇surprisedadj.感到驚奇的（指人）surprisingadj.（指物）besurprisedatsth.“驚奇于某事”toone’ssurprise①I(mǎi)’msurprisedatthesurprisingnews.我對(duì)這個(gè)令人驚訝的消息感到很吃驚。②Tomysurprise,heleftwithoutleavingaword.lookforwardto//V-ingIlookforwardtoyourreply.我期待你的答復(fù)。Ilookforwardtoseeingyouagain.hearfromsb.=getaletterfromsb.Iheardfrommyfriendsyesterday.=Igotaletterfrommyfriendyesterday.thebestwaytodosth.healthy.howtodothat.“該怎么做”,疑問(wèn)詞+todosth常用來(lái)做賓語(yǔ)Idon’tknowhowtomakeabananamilkshake.Idon’tknowwhattodo.attheendof“在…末尾”Now,itisattheendof反義短語(yǔ)：atthebeginningof“在…開(kāi)始”beglad/happy/sadtodosth.“/Iamgladtoseeyou.replytosb./sth.“回復(fù)…”Replyinwritingtotheinvitation“以寫(xiě)信形式回復(fù)這份邀請(qǐng)函”【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】一.表示邀請(qǐng)的句型Can/Couldyou…(cometomyparty)?Wouldyouliketo..(Wouldyouliketomyparty)?接受：Sure/Yes/Ofcourse,I’dlove/liketo.拒絕:：①I(mǎi)’msorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto/must+V原(陳述理由)②I’dlove/liketo,butI…(理由)3.I’mafraidnot.I…(理由)二.must與havetomust稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,否定回答:needn’t或don'thaveto(不必)。mustn’t表示“禁止”.havetodon’tdoesn’t/didn’thaveto—MustIbehomebeforeeighto’clock?8點(diǎn)之前我必須回家嗎？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.Unit10Ifyougototheyou’llhaveagreattime!【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)/短語(yǔ)用法解析】haveagreattime意為“玩得愉快”,=enjoyoneself,fun,haveagood/wonderful/nicetimehaveagreat/goodtimein(doing)sth.做某事很開(kāi)心asksb.（not）todosth.（不）Theteachersaskustodo(do)lotsofhomework.ordersth.from+地點(diǎn)“從某地訂購(gòu)食物”Iwanttoordersomebooksfromthebookstore.keep…tooneself保守秘密unlessconj.unless引導(dǎo)的條件句表示在特定條件下,才決定做或不做一件事。=if...notTheconcertwillbeheldasscheduleunlessthereisatyphoon.=Theconcertwillbeheldasscheduleifthereisnotatyphoon.beafraidtodosth.I’mafraidtospeakinfrontofotherpeople.beafraidofsth.害怕某事Hetoldmenottobeafraidofdifficulties.beafraid+that從句I’mafraidthatIcan’tfinishontimebeangrywithsb.Wewereangrywithhimforkeepinguswaiting.beangryat/aboutsth.Heisangryat/aboutyouranswer.Iheendatlast/finallyattheendof在...末端；到...盡頭Hemarriedthenicegirlintheend/atlast/finally.Theschoolisattheendofthestreet.carelessadj.Theboyisverycareless.Heismorecarefulthanme.他比我認(rèn)真。advisev.“勸告；建議”n.advice,Givemesomeadvice!advisedoingsth.建議做某事。advisesb.（not）todosth.建議某人（不）做某事Iadvisewaitingtilltherighttime.我建議等到適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。Iadvisehimnottosleeplateeveryday.我建議他不要每天睡懶覺(jué)。It’sbest(not)todosth.最好（不）It’sbesttospeakEnglisheveryday.runawayfrom“從…逃離”“逃避”cut…inhalf“切成兩半”【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】if條件句if中if,if主句則用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。（主將從現(xiàn)）構(gòu)成if從句主句（主將從現(xiàn)）時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主+be(is/am/are)+其它（/形。主+V原+其它。主（三單）+V（三單1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：主語(yǔ)＋shall/will+V2.主句是祈使句主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can,may,must4.主句含有want,hope,wishIf Iamanteacher,If youcomeback,Ifhecomes,If youcancome,If IhavemuchIwillbebusy.callmeplease.hewilltakeustothezoo.pleaseletmeknow.Imaytakeatrip.ifwill時(shí),而不用begoingtoPS：在when（當(dāng)…時(shí)候）,after,before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從現(xiàn)。人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理如：IwillcallyouwhenIreachCanada.我一到加拿大就給你打電話。人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理Unit1What’sthematter?【重點(diǎn)單詞】matter[?m?t?]v.重要,要緊,有關(guān)系What’sthematter?怎么了？出什么事了？sore[s?:(r)]adj.疼痛的,酸痛的haveacold感冒stomach['st?m?k]n.胃,腹部stomachache['st?m?ke?k]n.胃痛,腹痛haveastomachache胃痛foot(復(fù)數(shù)feet)[fu:t]n.腳neck[nek]n.頸,脖子throat[θr??t]n.喉嚨fever['fi:v?]n.發(fā)燒,發(fā)熱lie[la?]v.躺,平躺liedown躺下rest[rest]n.剩余部分,其余；放松,休息cough[k?f]n.&v.咳嗽X-ray['eksre?]n.X,Xtoothache[?tu:θe?k]n.牙痛takeone'stemperature量體溫headache[?hede?k]n.頭痛haveafever發(fā)燒break[bre?k]n.&v.休息,暫停；打破takebreaks(takeabreak）休息hurt[h?:t]v.傷害,損害,使受傷passenger['p?s?nd??]n.乘客,旅客off?f]adv.prep.離開(kāi)（某處getofftoone'ssurprise使…驚訝,出乎…意料onto[??nt?]prep.向,朝trouble[?tr?bl]n.麻煩,煩擾,問(wèn)題hit[hit]n.&v.碰撞,打,打擊rightaway立即,馬上getinto陷入,參與herself[h?:?self]pron.她自己,她本身（she的反身代詞）bandage['b?nd?d?]n.&v.繃帶；用繃帶包扎sick[s?k]adj.患病的,不適的knee[ni:]n.膝蓋nosebleed[?n??zbli:d]n.鼻出血breathe[bri:e]v.呼吸sunburned[?s?nb?:nd]adj.曬傷的ourselves[ɑ:?selvz]pron.我們自己（we的反身代詞）climber[?kla?m?(r)]n.登ft者beusedto習(xí)慣于…適應(yīng)于…risk[r?sk]n.&v.takerisks(takearisk)accident[??ksid?nt]n.意外事件；事故situation[?sitju?ei??n]n.狀況,形式,情況kg=kilogram[?k?l?gr?m]n.公斤,千克rock[r?k]n.巖石runout(of)knife[naif]n.刀,餐刀cutoff切除blood[bl?d]n.血mean[mi:n]v.outof離開(kāi),從…出來(lái)importance[?m?p?:tns]n.[d?'s??n]n.control[k?n'tr??l]v.控制,支配,操縱beincontrolof掌管,管理spirit['sp?r?t]n.勇氣,意志death[deθ]n.死亡giveup放棄nurse[n:s]n.護(hù)士【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】1.haveafever發(fā)燒2.haveacough咳嗽3.haveatoothache牙疼talktoomuch說(shuō)得太多5.drinkenoughwater6.haveacold受涼;感冒7.haveastomachache胃疼8.haveasoreback背疼9.haveasorethroat喉嚨痛takeriskshotteawithhoney12.seeadentistgetanX-ray拍X光片takeone’stemperature量體溫putsomemedicineonsth.giveupsoundlikeallweekendinthesamewaygotoadoctorgoalongonthesideoftheroadshoutforhelpwithoutthinkingtwicegetoffhaveaheartproblemtoone’ssurprise另某人驚訝的是thankstointimemakeadecisiongetintotroublerightawaybecauseofgetoutofkeepondoingsth.putabandageonsth.falldownfeelsickhaveanosebleedcuthiskneeputherheadbackhaveproblemsbreathingmountainclimbingft運(yùn)動(dòng)beusedtodoingsth.runout(of)sothat47.so...that...如此……以至于...…beincontrolofinadifficultsituation【重點(diǎn)句型】What'sthematterwithyou?=What'thetroublewithyou?=What'swrongwithyou?你怎么了？Whatshouldshedo?ShouldItakemytemperature?shouldliedownandrest.Doyouthinkitcomesfromanewspaperorabook?你認(rèn)為它是來(lái)自報(bào)紙還是書(shū)呢？IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving.我想我以同樣的姿勢(shì)一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐得太久了。Shesaidthatthemanhadaheartproblemandshouldgotothehospital.Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.【重點(diǎn)單詞】cleanup打掃（清除）干凈cheer[t?i?]v.歡呼cheerup變得更高興,振奮起來(lái)giveout分發(fā),散發(fā)volunteer[?v?l?n?ti?]n.&v.志愿者；義務(wù)做comeupwith想出,提出putoff推遲sign[sa?n]n.標(biāo)記,符號(hào),標(biāo)牌notice[?n??t?s]n.&v.通知,公告；注意到handout分發(fā)callup打電話給…某人,征召u(mài)sedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做某事lonely['l??nl?]adj.孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的carefor照顧,非常喜歡several[?sevr?l]prep.[str??]adj.[?fi:l??]n.[?s?t?s'f?k?n]n.joy[d???]n.owner[???n?(r)]n.tryoutjourney['d??:n?]n.（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行,行程raise[re?z]v.抬起,舉起,籌集,征集alone[??l?un]adv.獨(dú)自地,孤獨(dú)地repair[ri?p??]v.修理,修補(bǔ)fix[fiks]v.修理,安裝fixup修理,修補(bǔ)giveaway贈(zèng)送,捐贈(zèng)takeafter（外貌或行為）像broken['br??k?n]adj.破損的,殘缺的wheel[wi:l]n.&v.輪子,車輪；旋轉(zhuǎn)letter[?let?]n.信件,字母Miss[m?s]n.小姐setup建立,設(shè)立disabled[dis?eib?ld]adj.有殘疾的,喪失能力的makeadifference影響,有作用blind[bla?nd]adj.盲的,盲目的,失明的deaf[def]adj.聾的imagine[??m?d??n]v.想象,設(shè)想difficulty['d?f?k?lt?]n.困難open[???p?n]v.打開(kāi)door[d?:]n.門(mén)carry['k?r?]v.攜帶,搬運(yùn)train[tre?n]v.訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)training[?tre?n?]n.訓(xùn)練,培訓(xùn)excited[?k?sa?t?d]adj.激動(dòng)的,興奮的kindness[?ka?ndn?s]n.仁慈,善良,親切,善意clever[?klev?]adj.聰明的,機(jī)靈的understand[??nd??st?nd]v.懂,理解change[t?e?nd?]n.&v.改變interest['?ntr?st]n.&v.感興趣；興趣sir[s?:(r)]n.先生madam['m?d?m]n.夫人,女士【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】Clean-UpDayanoldpeople’shome養(yǎng)老院helpoutwithsth.usedtocareforthelookofjoyattheageof在 歲時(shí)cleanupcheerupgiveoutcomeupwithmakeaplanmakesomenoticestryoutworkforputuphandoutcallupputoffforexampleraisemoneytakeafter與 相;像giveawayfixupbesimilartosetupdisabledpeoplemakeadifferencebeabletoafter-schoolreadingprogram【重點(diǎn)句型】Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.這個(gè)男孩可以在食品救濟(jì)站分發(fā)食物。Clean-UpDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.僅僅兩周的時(shí)間。HevolunteersatananimalhospitaleverySaturdaymorning.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.去年,她決定去參加一個(gè)課外閱讀項(xiàng)目的志愿者的選拔。Youcanseeintheireyesthatthey'regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.到他們正在進(jìn)行每本不同的新書(shū)之旅。Iwanttoputoffmyplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.我想把我在動(dòng)物醫(yī)院工作的計(jì)劃推遲到明年夏天。Mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettingjobstomakelotsofmoney.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?【重點(diǎn)單詞】rubbish[?r?b??]n.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾fold[f??ld]v.mess[mes]n.混亂,臟亂,食堂throw[θr??]v.扔,投擲allthetime頻繁,反復(fù)neither[?ni:e?]pron.adv.二者都不；也不shirt[??:t]n.運(yùn)動(dòng)衫,襯衫assoonas一…就…,盡快pass[pɑ:s]v.borrow['b?r??]v.lend[lend]v.finger[?fig?(r)]n.手指hate[he?t]v.chore[t??:(r)]n.雜務(wù),乏味的工作while[wail]conj.當(dāng)...時(shí)候,而,然而snack[sn?k]n.小吃,點(diǎn)心,快餐stress[stres]n.精神壓力,心理負(fù)擔(dān)waste[we?st]v.浪費(fèi),消耗inorderto目的是,為了provide[pr?'vaid]v.anyway[?eniwei]adv.depend[di?pend]v.dependon依靠于develop[d??vel?p]v.發(fā)展,壯大,開(kāi)發(fā),研制independent[?indi?pend?nt]adj.獨(dú)立自主的,不受約束的independence[??nd?'pend?ns]n.獨(dú)立fair[f??]adj.公平的,公正的unfair[??n?fe?]adj.不公平的,有偏見(jiàn)的fairness[?fe?n?s]n.公正性,合理性since[s?ns]conj.因?yàn)?既然neighbor[?ne?b?]n.鄰居takecareof照顧,處理ill[il]adj.生病的,有病的drop[dr?p]v.落下,跌落【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】1.gooutfordinner出去吃飯2.stayoutlate在外面待到很晚3.gotothemovies去看電影4.getaride搭車workonfinishdoingsth.7.cleanandtidythedishes9.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾10.foldyour/theclothes疊衣服11.sweepthefloor掃地12.makeyour/thebed整理床鋪13.cleanthelivngroom打掃客廳14.noproblem沒(méi)問(wèn)題welcomeehomefromschool/work/17.throwdown18.sitdown坐下19.comeover過(guò)來(lái)20.takesb.forawalk帶某人去散步21.allthetime一直;總是22.allday/evening整曰/夜23.dohousework做家務(wù)24.shoutback大聲回應(yīng)25.walkaway走開(kāi)26.sharethehousework分擔(dān)家務(wù)27.acomfortablehome一個(gè)舒適的家28.insurprise驚訝地29.getsomethingtodrink拿點(diǎn)喝的東西30.watchoneshow觀看一個(gè)節(jié)目31.hangout閑逛32.passsb.sth.把某物傳給某人33.lendsb.sth.把某物借給某人getsth.wethatetodosth.36.dochores37.helpsb.(to)do/withsth?幫助某人干某事38.bringatent帶頂帳篷來(lái)39.buysomesnacks40.gotothestore41.invitesb.toaparty42.makesb.dosth.44.awasteoftime45.inorderto46.getgoodgrades取得好成績(jī)47.minddoingsth.介意做某事48.dependon依賴;依靠49.developchildren’sindependence50.lookafter/takecareof51.doone’spartin(doing)sth.做某人分內(nèi)的事【重點(diǎn)句型】Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?嗎？Ihavetodosomework.CouldIuseyourcomputer?Shewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.如果她看到Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTVIhatetodochores.parents?【重點(diǎn)單詞】allow[??la?]v.允許,準(zhǔn)許wrong[r?]adj.錯(cuò)誤的What'swrong?哪兒不舒服？midnight['m?dna?t]n.lookthrough瀏覽,快速查看guess[ɡes]v.deal[di:l]v.處理,應(yīng)付bigdeal重要的事workout成功地發(fā)展,解決getonwith和睦相處,關(guān)系良好relation[r??le??n]n.關(guān)系,聯(lián)系,交往communicate[k??mju:nikeit]v.溝通,通信,通訊communication[k??mju:n??ke??n]n.交流,溝通argue[?ɑ:ɡju:]v.爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)吵cloud[kla?d]n.云elder['eld?(r)]adj.年級(jí)較長(zhǎng)的instead[?n?sted]adv.代替whatever[w?t?ev?r]pron.任何,不管什么,無(wú)論什么nervous[?n?:v?s]adj.緊張不安的offer['a:f?r]v.提供,自愿給予proper[?pr?p?]adj.合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)膕econdly[?sek?ndli]adv.第二,其次explain[?k?sple?n]v.講解,解釋,說(shuō)明clear[kl??]adj.清晰的,清楚易懂的copy[?k?pi]v.復(fù)制return[r?'t?:n]v.回來(lái),返回,歸還anymore['en?m?:]adv.不再,再也不member[?memb?]n.成員,會(huì)員pressure['pre??(r)]n.壓力compete[k?m'pi:t]v.比賽,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)opinion[??p?nj?n]n.意見(jiàn),想法,看法skill[sk?l]n.技能,技巧typical[?t?p?kl]adj.典型的football[?f?tb?:l]n.足球cutout刪