書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三門(mén)峽社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AsIhavesuggested,thenewbreedofinvestorshadbeenplayingwithinformationandturningitintomoney,anotherkindofinformation.However,theFederalReserveBankknewthatoncethegapbetweeninvestmentandproductionbecametoolarge,thesituationwouldresultincrisis.Nowthatithadhappened,onBlackMonday,whatwastobedone?(46)Theanswer,paradoxically,wastoinvestmoremoney—thatis,moreinformation—inthesystem.Evenattheriskoflosingthemoneyimmediately.Thiswouldshoreupthevaluemadefrominformationwithmoreinformation.Andinthisway,themarketwouldquicklyregainitscomposure.Therewas,ofcourse,nocauseforalarmonceinvestors’riskswerecoveredbythegovernment’srisk,thatis,bythewholeeconomyputtingitselfontheline.(47)Thatattitude,however,isboundtogenerateaseriesofotherfruitfulcrises,whichmayeventuallyteachusathingortwoabouttheshortcomingsofrepresentationalmoneyasamediumforsocialdevelopment.

Crisisisthemomentofchange,ofmetamorphosis:wecanimaginethatacaterpillarisindeepcrisisatthemomentitturnsintoabutterfly.Weallthinkthatthewordcrisismeanssomethingterrible,butitdoesn’t.Itmeanssomethingclever,peacefulandgood.CrisiscomesfromtheancientGreekwordkrino,whichmeans“toevaluate,judgeordecide.”Acrisisisatimeforjudgmentandanobjectofjudgment.(48)Thoughmanycrisesareoccasionedbytrulyunpredictableoccurrences,manymorearisefromthebreakdownofoldsystemsastheyareovertakenbythenew.TheBhopaldisasterinIndia,whichclaimedover4,000livesandinjuredmorethan400,000inaneruptionofitsdangerouschemicalMethylIsocyanate(MIC),mighthavebeenpredicted—ifnotaverted—bytrackingthesafetyrecordsofthelocalmanagementwhichactuallyprovedtobeappallinglynegligentandirresponsible.(49)Butarealbreakthroughwasthesuddendiscoveryofthenewcontextofpublicaccountabilityprovidedbyelectroniccommunications.Wehaveallbecomeourbrother’skeepersintheworldofinstantcommunications.Facingacrisis,manypeoplewastetheirtimewatchingtheoldordergodown,deploringtheirfateandregrettingtheworldthathasgoneby.(50)Butittakescriticaljudgmentincriticaltimestounderstandthattherealstoryiswhat’scoming.Thenthetaskofdecidingiseasyandfascinating.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.矛盾的是，答案是向系統(tǒng)投資更多的錢(qián)，也就是更多的信息。即使冒著馬上失去金錢(qián)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

47.然而，這種態(tài)度必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列其他富有成效的危機(jī)，這些危機(jī)最終可能會(huì)給我們一些關(guān)于代表性貨幣作為社會(huì)發(fā)展媒介的缺點(diǎn)的教訓(xùn)。

48.盡管許多危機(jī)是由真正不可預(yù)測(cè)的事件引起的，但更多的是出現(xiàn)在舊體制的崩潰中，因?yàn)樗鼈儽恍麦w制所取代。

49.但真正的突破是由電子通信提供的公共問(wèn)責(zé)的新背景的突然發(fā)現(xiàn)。

50.但在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻需要有批判性的判斷力才能理解真實(shí)的故事是什么。那么做決定的任務(wù)就很簡(jiǎn)單，也很吸引人。

2.單選題

Thelittlemanwas___onemeterfiftyhigh.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.almostmorethan

B.hardlymorethan

C.nearlymorethan

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)almostmorethan“幾乎超過(guò)”；B選項(xiàng)hardlymorethan“不足；僅僅”；C選項(xiàng)nearlymorethan“差不多超過(guò)”；D選項(xiàng)asmuchas“幾乎；多達(dá)；至多”。句意：這個(gè)矮小的男人身高_(dá)__一米五十。本句表達(dá)“矮小的男人身高不足一米五”因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Whenthestrangerwalkedtowardshim,hefled,thedoor（）behindhim

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slammed

B.toslam

C.slant

D.slamming

【答案】D

【解析】slamming做形容詞,修飾door,表示門(mén)的狀態(tài)。如果填slammed,后面構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子,需要連接詞and連接前后兩個(gè)句子。

4.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“傳送，過(guò)渡，傳遞”；consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：從固體變成液體，水要吸收周?chē)形矬w的熱量，這種吸收會(huì)導(dǎo)致周?chē)h(huán)境變冷。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Whilesomebusinessexecutivesrepeatedtheirobjectionstothenewsmokingrestrictions,otherssaidtheywantedmoretimeto（

）theimpactoftoday'sdecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attest

B.obtain

C.affect

D.weigh

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一些企業(yè)經(jīng)管人員對(duì)新的吸煙限制條件表示反對(duì)，另外一部分人表示需要更多的時(shí)間去權(quán)衡如今決定的影響。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Attest證明,證實(shí);obtain獲得;affect影響,感染,感動(dòng);weigh權(quán)衡,考慮,稱(chēng)重量。故D符合句意。

6.單選題

Didyourmumanddadgotouniversity,ordidtheyleaveschoolandgostraighttotheJobCentre?Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday’sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.

TheresearchwasdonebytheHigherEducationCareersServiceUnit.Itplanstofollowuniversityapplicantsforsixyearsfrom2006throughtheirearlycareers.

Thefirstyear’sfindingscomefromastudyof130,000universityapplicants.Theyshowsignificantdifferencesinprospectivestudents’approachtohighereducation,dependingonwhethertheirparentsgotdegrees(second-generationapplicants)ordidn’t(first-generationapplicants).

First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave“toenablemetogetagoodjob”astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.And37percentsaidthatadegreewas“partofmycareerplan”.

Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.

AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.

“Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit’sprettylikelyyou’llgetajobattheend.That’sabigplus,asthedebtlevelsafterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening,”shesays.Manyexpertsbelievethatthissituationaffectsthosewithnofamilytraditionofhighereducationfarmorekeenly.Thefactthat26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadviceimpliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhighereducationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.

Forthosewithgraduateparents,thislackofguidancemay,theresearcherssuggest,belessofaproblem.“But,forthosewithouttheadvantages,lackofaccesstocareerguidancebeforeapplyingforhighereducationleavesthemexposedtomakingpoorerchoices,”thesurveyconcludes.

1.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

2.“HE”inthe4thparagraphprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhousehold（）.

4.InwhichofthefollowingaspectsdoKimBurnettandHarrietEdgehaveincommon?

5.Itisimpliedthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parents’experiencesaremoreimportantfortheirchildren’seducation

B.parents’careersarevitallyimportantfortheirchildren’sdegrees

C.students’approachtohighereducationcorrelateswiththeirparents’educationalexperience

D.students’careerandemploymentprospectsaredecidedbytheirparents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.healtheducation

B.higheremployment

C.HarrietEdge

D.highereducation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.islesslikelytogetfinancialaidtogotouniversity

B.ismorelikelytochoosevocationaleducation

C.maythinklearningforpleasureisagoodidea

D.maychoosetostudyforaprofessionaldegree

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theybothchosetheirmajorsbecauseoftheirfamilyinfluence.

B.Theyareboththefirst-yearstudentsinuniversity.

C.Bothoftheirparentslackcollegedegrees.

D.Bothofthemchosedegreesforjobsecurity.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecostofadegreeinmedicineisveryhigh

B.highereducationinvestmentinmedicineisnotworthwhile

C.astudentwithoutfamilymedicaltraditionislesslikelytochoosemedicine

D.medicineisafieldwhereeverydegree-holdercangetajob

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)是……”。第一段指出Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday’sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.（根據(jù)英國(guó)未來(lái)研究中心的研究，當(dāng)談到今天的學(xué)生如何選擇學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域以及畢業(yè)后做什么時(shí)，父母的教育經(jīng)歷仍然很重要），由此我們可知文章討論的是父母的教育經(jīng)歷影響到子女受教育的程度以及職業(yè)選擇傾向。A項(xiàng)“父母的經(jīng)歷對(duì)孩子的教育更重要”，內(nèi)容表達(dá)的比較片面；B項(xiàng)“父母的職業(yè)對(duì)孩子的學(xué)位至關(guān)重要”，文章沒(méi)有提及；C項(xiàng)“學(xué)生接受高等教育的方式與其父母的教育經(jīng)歷有關(guān)”符合文章大意；D項(xiàng)“學(xué)生的職業(yè)和就業(yè)前景是由他們的父母決定的”，表達(dá)太過(guò)絕對(duì)。故該題選C正確。

第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第四段中的He可能指的是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave“toenablemetogetagoodjob”astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.（第一代申請(qǐng)者更傾向于聲稱(chēng)他們的職業(yè)生涯和就業(yè)前景是他們決定上大學(xué)的最重要的因素；約五分之一的受訪(fǎng)大學(xué)生選擇它的主要原因是“為了找到一份好工作”），由此可推測(cè)，第二句中的“HE”指的就是第一句中的decidingtogotouniversity（決定上大學(xué)），即“高等教育”，所以D項(xiàng)“高等教育”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“健康教育”，該段沒(méi)有提到健康教育；B項(xiàng)“高就業(yè)”，內(nèi)容與原文句子沖突；C項(xiàng)“哈里特?埃奇”這是后面提到的內(nèi)容，與這里的內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。故該題選D正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“來(lái)自非職業(yè)家庭的年輕人……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.（來(lái)自經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)的非職業(yè)家庭的年輕人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了學(xué)習(xí)而學(xué)習(xí)的想法是一種奢侈；這解釋了職業(yè)課程激增的原因），由此可推，來(lái)自非職業(yè)家庭的年輕人會(huì)因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)而選擇職業(yè)課程，所以B項(xiàng)“更有可能選擇職業(yè)教育”符合。A項(xiàng)“獲得上大學(xué)助學(xué)金的可能性更小”，文章沒(méi)有提到助學(xué)金；C項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為以學(xué)習(xí)為樂(lè)是一個(gè)好主意”，內(nèi)容與原文相反，這些年輕人認(rèn)為為了學(xué)習(xí)而學(xué)習(xí)是一種奢侈；D項(xiàng)“選擇攻讀專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)位”，來(lái)自非職業(yè)家庭的年輕人更多的選擇了職業(yè)教育，所以攻讀專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)位是不太可能。故該題選B正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“KimBurnett和HarrietEdge在以下哪些方面有共同之處？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.（在樸茨茅斯大學(xué)，19歲的大一學(xué)生KimBurnett說(shuō)，為了找到一份穩(wěn)定的高薪工作，她特意選擇了健康研究管理和心理學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)；20歲的HarrietEdge目前在曼徹斯特大學(xué)學(xué)醫(yī)，她也希望有穩(wěn)定的工作；她的父母沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷，但她的叔叔是一名醫(yī)生，這似乎影響了她的選擇），可知，KimBurnett為了得到好的工作選擇健康研究管理和心理學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)，HarrietEdge為了有穩(wěn)定的個(gè)工作選擇學(xué)醫(yī)；從而可知KimBurnett和HarrietEdge都是為了得到工作而選擇學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)業(yè)，所以D項(xiàng)“他們都是為了保住工作而選擇學(xué)位的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們都是由于家庭的影響而選擇了自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)”，只有HarrietEdge是由于家庭的影響；B項(xiàng)“他們都是大學(xué)一年級(jí)的學(xué)生”，原文沒(méi)有明確的說(shuō)HarrietEdge也是大學(xué)一年級(jí)學(xué)生；C項(xiàng)“他們的父母都沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷”，原文沒(méi)有提及KimBurnett的父母也沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷。故該題選D正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示了……”。文章第七段第一句提到Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit’sprettylikelyyou’llgetajobattheend.That’sabigplus,asthedebtlevelsafterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening（醫(yī)學(xué)是你最終很有可能找到工作的領(lǐng)域之一；這是一筆很大的附加費(fèi)用，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過(guò)五年的學(xué)習(xí)，債務(wù)水平將令人恐懼），由此可以推斷，雖然醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)后就業(yè)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但是需要大額的學(xué)費(fèi)開(kāi)支，所以A項(xiàng)“獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的費(fèi)用很高”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的高等教育投資是不值得的”，這屬于斷章取義，第七段提到Thefactthat26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadviceimpliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhighereducationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.（26%的受訪(fǎng)者表示，他們需要更多的建議，這意味著一些學(xué)生可能最終會(huì)覺(jué)得他們的高等教育投資不值得），由此可知，受訪(fǎng)者覺(jué)得高等教育投資不值得是因?yàn)閷?duì)那些沒(méi)有接受高等教育的家庭傳統(tǒng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，因?yàn)楦改笡](méi)有高等教育經(jīng)歷，所以對(duì)于高等教育不是很看好，不僅僅是醫(yī)學(xué)上的高等教育；C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)沒(méi)有家庭醫(yī)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)生不太可能選擇醫(yī)學(xué)”和D項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)是每個(gè)有學(xué)位的人都能找到工作的領(lǐng)域”表達(dá)太過(guò)絕對(duì)。故該題選A正確。

7.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其中although與though只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。沒(méi)有despiteof這種表達(dá)，所以只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

4.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pizzaisherfavoritefood.

B.Pizzaishersecondchoice.

C.Shedislikestheman’sidea.

D.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

【答案】D

【解析】M:I’vegotanidea.Let’sorderapizza.

W:Great.Isecondthatnotion.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】態(tài)度方向。男士提議定披薩，女士說(shuō)：Great.Isecondthatnotion(好呀，我同意)。

9.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。highlight“突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)”；underline“強(qiáng)調(diào)，在…下面劃線(xiàn)”；activate“刺激，使活動(dòng)”；upgrade“使升級(jí)，提升”。句意：燈光的使用不僅能營(yíng)造一種氛圍，還能突顯出房屋的風(fēng)格，如裝飾或圖畫(huà)。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A

10.翻譯題

機(jī)器人我們正生活在一個(gè)機(jī)器人承擔(dān)許多工作的時(shí)代。機(jī)器人可以制造汽車(chē)、駕駛飛機(jī)和處理賬單。

不過(guò)這些機(jī)器人并不是人形機(jī)器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來(lái)代替人做某些工作的機(jī)器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機(jī)器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲(chǔ)存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機(jī)器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機(jī)器人可以在汽車(chē)裝配線(xiàn)上焊接車(chē)身和噴漆。

使用機(jī)器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準(zhǔn)確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無(wú)法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強(qiáng)烈的噪音或是有危險(xiǎn)射線(xiàn)的場(chǎng)合，隨著機(jī)器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會(huì)下降。

盡管機(jī)器人正在迅速承擔(dān)工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務(wù)活卻似乎還差得很遠(yuǎn)。問(wèn)題在于即使干一半的家務(wù)活也需要有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜、非常昂貴的機(jī)器人。

【答案】Robot11.單選題

Apersonwhoisfoundguiltyofembezzlementmayberequiredto（

）hispropertyaspenalty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concede

B.defray

C.forfeit

D.gape

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Concede“承認(rèn)，退讓”；defray“支出，支付”；forfeit“喪失”；gape“裂開(kāi)，張開(kāi)”。句意：被發(fā)現(xiàn)犯有貪污罪的人，會(huì)被要求沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)作為處罰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.subtract

C.minimize

D.degrade

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物逐漸減少的過(guò)程，主要是指數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等方面的減少；B選項(xiàng)subtract“減去”；C選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化，將……減到最小”；D選項(xiàng)degrade“降低（地位），貶低”。句意：這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)造成了巨大損失，但工廠(chǎng)表示損失沒(méi)有報(bào)道的嚴(yán)重，試圖將后果降到最低。

13.單選題

Whenworkingonhisnovel,hewasperfectlycautiousnottomakeevena（）ofthepen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slid

B.slip

C.glide

D.skid

【答案】B

【解析】aslipofthepen為固定搭配,意為“筆誤”。句意：在寫(xiě)小說(shuō)時(shí),他非常小心謹(jǐn)慎以免出現(xiàn)筆誤。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

ThecompanythatJoanworksforis（）withanautomotivecompany,soshecangetadis-countonanewcar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.correlated

B.parallel

C.affiliated

D.accounted

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：Joan工作的公司（）一家汽車(chē)公司，所以她買(mǎi)新車(chē)有折扣。

correlated有相互關(guān)系的；parallel平行的；affiliated附屬的，有關(guān)的；accounted記賬的；報(bào)告的。此處“beaffiliatedwith”為固定搭配，意思是“隸屬于”，A項(xiàng)“有相互關(guān)系的”說(shuō)得太模糊，看到C項(xiàng)是可以確定是隸屬關(guān)系，公司員工才能拿到折扣，故選C。

15.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidenceattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】【參考譯文】

對(duì)于那些玩科學(xué)游戲的人來(lái)說(shuō)，用什么方法來(lái)確定相信什么至關(guān)重要。他們必須評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)和論點(diǎn)，并自己判斷其正確性?？茖W(xué)家在與他人交流時(shí)，需要讓聽(tīng)者相信他們的數(shù)據(jù)陳述及其對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)解釋的正確性。如果他們以自己的個(gè)性或威望贏得支持，就沒(méi)有遵循正確的游戲之道。在短期內(nèi)，科學(xué)家們可能會(huì)基于聲望而追隨另一個(gè)科學(xué)家，但這種情況不可能無(wú)限期地持續(xù)下去。聽(tīng)者應(yīng)該評(píng)估科學(xué)家所說(shuō)的，而不是因?yàn)樗麄冋f(shuō)了就接受。而這一事業(yè)的頂級(jí)目標(biāo)是確定解釋到了觀(guān)測(cè)到的數(shù)據(jù)?？茖W(xué)解釋與數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系有助于確?？茖W(xué)家的完整性。如果他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是重要的，就可以確信他們的理論和數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)得到嚴(yán)格的檢驗(yàn)，并獲得新的證據(jù)。

正是基于數(shù)據(jù)的解釋?zhuān)到y(tǒng)將科學(xué)與教條區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)?？茖W(xué)家有權(quán)利也有責(zé)任根據(jù)手頭的證據(jù)，自行做出對(duì)一系列現(xiàn)象的最佳解釋。另一方面，教條（宗教的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、政治的或社會(huì)的）取決于權(quán)威的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

16.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待訪(fǎng)問(wèn)貴國(guó)。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Althoughmany（modifications）havebeenmadeinit,thegameknownintheUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytotheEnglishgameofrugby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rules

B.changes

C.demands

D.leagues

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A項(xiàng)rule“規(guī)則，建議，統(tǒng)治”，B項(xiàng)change“變化，改變，替代物”，C項(xiàng)demand“（堅(jiān)決的或困難的）要求，（顧客的）需求”，D項(xiàng)league“聯(lián)盟，社團(tuán)，范疇”。句意：盡管對(duì)其進(jìn)行了許多修改，但在美國(guó)被稱(chēng)為足球的比賽可以直接追溯到英國(guó)的橄欖球比賽。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Itwasabrief,shiningmomentinEgypt’shistory—atimeofepochalchangepresidedoverbyaPharaohnamedAkhenatenandhisbeautifulwifeNefertiti.Duringhis17-yearreigntheoldgodswerecastaside,monotheismwasintroduced,andtheartsliberatedfromtheirstiflingrigidity.EvenEgypt’scapitalwasmovedtoanewcityalongtheNilecalledAkhetaten(modernAmarna).ButlikeCamelot,itwasshort-lived,anditslegacywasburiedinthedesertsands.

NowAkhenaten’s3,400-year-oldworldhasbeenbrilliantlyrecalledinanexhibittitled“PharaohsoftheSun:Akhenaten,Nefertiti,Tutankhamen,”whichopensthisweekatBoston’sMuseumofFineArts.Partofthecity’seight-monthtributetoancientEgypt(operas,balletandanIMAXfilm),itisauniqueassemblageofmorethan250objectsfromEgypt’s18thdynasty,someofwhichhavelanguishedunseeninstoreroomsandprivatecollectionsfordecades.Theyrangefromlarger-than-lifestatuesofAkhenatentoexquisitelysculptedreliefsanddazzlingjewelrytosuchpoignantremindersofeverydaylifeasaperfectlypreservedchild’ssandal.

TheexhibitilluminatesamurkyperiodinEgyptianhistorythatcuratorRitaFreeddescribesashaving“alltheelementsofasoapopera.”WhenAmenhotepIV,ashewasoriginallycalled,ascendedthethronein1353B.C.,Egyptwasaflourishingempire,atpeacewithitsneighbors.Yetthereweretroublingsigns.HisfatherAmenhotepIIIhadalreadychallengedthepowerfulpriesthoodbyproclaimingthesungodAtenasforemostamongEgyptiandeitiesandhimselfashislivingincarnation.

Hissonshookthingsupevenmore,notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)butalsobanishingtheoldergods,especiallythepriestlyfavoriteAmen.SomescholarsbelieveAkhenaten’smonotheism,ahistoricfirst,inspiredtheHebrewprophets,butithadthemoreimmediateeffectoffreeingEgypt’sartists.TheycouldnowportraythePharaohandthevoluptuousNefertiti(whomayhavesharedthethronewithhim)inafarmorecasual,realisticway.Akhenaten’scone-shapedhead,elongatedface,fingersandtoes,potbellyandflaringhipshaveledsomescholarstosuggestthathehadhydrocephalusorMarfan’ssyndrome.

Hewascertainlyarevolutionary,propelledeitherbymadnessorbygreatvision.Still,hischangesdidnotendure.Afterhisdeath,hisson-in-law(andperhapsson)TutankhamenmovedthepoliticalandreligiouscapitalsbacktoMemphisandThebesrespectivelyandreinstatedtheoldgods.Egyptianartreturnedtoitsclassic,ritualizedstyle.AndlikeCamelot,Akhenaten’soncebustlingcapitalbecameonlyamythicmemory.“PharaohsoftheSun”willremaininBostonuntilFebruary,thentraveltoLosAngeles,ChicagoandLeiden,theNetherlands.

26.WhichofthefollowingeventdidnothappenduringAkhenaten’sreignoverEgypt?

27.WecanlearnfromthetextthatinBoston,manyactivitiesareheldastributetoancientEgyptexcept______.

28.TheviewsofAkhenatenandhisfatheronthesungodAtenare______.

29.Tutankhamen,accordingtothetext,probably______.

30.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitonancientEgypt’s18thdynasty?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hebanishedtheoldergods.

B.Peoplehadtoworshiponegod—thesungodAten.

C.Egyptianartistssufferedfromamorecasual,realisticwayofportraying.

D.HebuiltanewcapitalalongtheNile.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.pageant

B.ballet

C.operas

D.movie

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.opposite

B.controversial

C.complementary

D.similar

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.movedthepoliticalcapitalbacktoThebes

B.gavetheoldergodsbacktheirpreviousposition

C.mighthadgotsomediseasethatmadehisfacelongerthanthehealthypeople

D.movedthereligiouscapitalbacktoMemphis

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itmainlyconsistsofstatuesofthepharaohsofthattime.

B.ItwilllastforeightmonthsinBoston.

C.Itisveryenlighteningforpeopletoknowthatperiod.

D.Theobjectsontheexhibitusedtobestoredinprivatecollection.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“oldergods”可以定位到文章第四段第一句butalsobanishingtheoldergods（而且還摒棄了舊神），說(shuō)明阿肯納坦在統(tǒng)治期間驅(qū)逐了舊神，所以A選項(xiàng)“他摒棄了舊神”表述正確，排除A。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“Aten”可以定位到文章第四段第一句notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)（他不僅把自己的名字改為阿肯納坦，意為阿坦的仆人），第一段中也提到monotheismwasintroduced（一神論被引入），說(shuō)明在阿肯納坦統(tǒng)治期間人們信奉唯一的太陽(yáng)神，所以B選項(xiàng)“人們不得不崇拜唯一神——太陽(yáng)神阿坦”表述正確，排除B。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“capital”可以定位到文章第一段第三句EvenEgypt’scapitalwasmovedtoanewcityalongtheNilecalledAkhetaten.（甚至埃及的首都也遷到尼羅河邊的新城市阿希提頓。），說(shuō)明阿肯納坦統(tǒng)治期間在尼羅河邊建立了新首都，所以D選項(xiàng)“他在尼羅河邊建立了一個(gè)新的首都”表述正確，排除D。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“portraying”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheycouldnowportraythePharaohandthevoluptuousNefertitiinafarmorecasual,realisticway.（現(xiàn)在他們可以更為真實(shí)隨意的描畫(huà)法老和妖艷性感的奈菲提提。），第一段中也提到theartsliberatedfromtheirstiflingrigidity.（藝術(shù)也從令人窒息的一成不變中解脫出來(lái)。），說(shuō)明在阿肯納坦統(tǒng)治期間藝術(shù)家可以更真實(shí)隨意的畫(huà)像，而不是束縛他們。因此C選項(xiàng)“埃及的藝術(shù)家們苦于沒(méi)有更隨意真實(shí)的描繪方式”不符合原文，本題選C。

27.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“tributetoancientEgypt”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Partofthecity’seight-monthtributetoancientEgypt(operas,balletandanIMAXfilm)（這次展覽只是波士頓為期8個(gè)月的致敬古埃及活動(dòng)中的一部分，其它形式還有歌劇、芭蕾、一部IMAX電影），說(shuō)明向古埃及致敬的活動(dòng)有展覽、歌劇、芭蕾、電影，所以B選項(xiàng)“芭蕾”，C選項(xiàng)“歌劇”，D選項(xiàng)“電影”符合原文，排除B，C，D。A選項(xiàng)“盛會(huì)”在文中沒(méi)有提及，不屬于向古埃及致敬的活動(dòng)，所以本題選A。

28.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句HisfatherAmenhotepIIIhadalreadychallengedthepowerfulpriesthoodbyproclaimingthesungodAtenasforemostamongEgyptiandeitiesandhimselfashislivingincarnation.（他的父親阿蒙赫特普三世已經(jīng)質(zhì)疑勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大的教會(huì)，宣稱(chēng)太陽(yáng)神阿坦是埃及諸神中最具威力的神靈，他本人則是太陽(yáng)神的轉(zhuǎn)世化身。），和第四段第一句Hissonshookthingsupevenmore,notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)butalsobanishingtheoldergods,especiallythepriestlyfavoriteAmen.（兒子做得更甚，他不僅把自己的名字改為阿肯納坦——意為阿坦的仆人——以表示對(duì)太陽(yáng)神的敬意，而且不許人們崇拜以往的神靈，特別是教會(huì)的至愛(ài)阿門(mén)神。），說(shuō)明阿肯納坦及其父親都只推崇太陽(yáng)神，兩人對(duì)太陽(yáng)神的態(tài)度是一樣的。因此D選項(xiàng)“相似”正確。A選項(xiàng)“相反”，B選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)議”，C選項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)充”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

29.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Tutankhamen”可以定位到文章最后一段第三句Afterhisdeath,hisson-in-law(andperhapsson)TutankhamenmovedthepoliticalandreligiouscapitalsbacktoMemphisandThebesrespectivelyandreinstatedtheoldgods.（在他死后，他的女婿（或許也是兒子）圖坦卡蒙把政治中心移回孟斐斯，宗教中心移回底比斯，那些被摒棄的舊神重新歸位。），說(shuō)明圖坦卡蒙將被摒棄的舊神重新歸位了。因此B選項(xiàng)“將舊神重新歸位”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把政治中心移回底比斯”，由原文可知，是將政治中心移回孟斐斯，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“可能是得了什么病，使他的臉比健康人的臉長(zhǎng)了一些”，由原文可知，得腦積水的是阿肯納坦，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“把宗教中心移回孟斐斯”，由原文可知，是將宗教中心移回底比斯，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

30.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“主要是當(dāng)時(shí)法老的雕像”，由原文itisauniqueassemblageofmorethan250objectsfromEgypt’s18thdynasty（這次獨(dú)特的展覽展出了埃及第18個(gè)王朝的250多件物品）可知，展品包羅萬(wàn)象，不僅有雕像，還有珠寶首飾和生活用品等，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“將在波士頓持續(xù)開(kāi)8個(gè)月”，由最后一段最后一句“PharaohsoftheSun”willremaininBostonuntilFebruary（“太陽(yáng)神法老”展覽在波士頓持續(xù)到二月份）可知，展覽在波士頓持續(xù)到二月份，是波士頓整個(gè)致敬古埃及的活動(dòng)為期8個(gè)月，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“展品過(guò)去是由私人收藏的”，由原文someofwhichhavelanguishedunseeninstoreroomsandprivatecollectionsfordecades（其中有些物品幾十年來(lái)一直深藏于博物館或?yàn)樗饺怂囟坏妹媸溃?，說(shuō)明展品不僅有私人收藏的，還有保存在博物館中的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人們了解那個(gè)時(shí)期的情況很有啟發(fā)”，由原文NowAkhenaten’s3,400-year-oldworldhasbeenbrilliantlyrecalledinanexhibit（現(xiàn)在，3400年前阿肯納坦時(shí)代的輝煌將在波士頓美術(shù)館被人們重溫），說(shuō)明這場(chǎng)展覽有助于人們回顧那個(gè)時(shí)期的情況，所以C正確。

19.單選題

Thebedhasbeen（

）inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother’soriginally.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.handedout

B.handedover

C.handeddown

D.handedround

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。handout分發(fā)，施舍；handover上交，移交；handdown宣布；流傳下來(lái)；handround分發(fā)，傳遞。

句意：這張床是我們家流傳下來(lái)的。它原本是我曾祖母的。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

Withprice（）somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrating

B.waving

C.swinging

D.fluctuating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vibrate“震動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)wave“揮舞，飄揚(yáng)”；C選項(xiàng)swing“搖擺”；D選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)，起伏”。根據(jù)句意：由于價(jià)格波動(dòng)很大，公司很難制定出預(yù)算。表示價(jià)格的起伏波動(dòng)應(yīng)該用fluctuate，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

21.單選題

12.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說(shuō)待會(huì)去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說(shuō)：Seeyouinthecourt(球場(chǎng)上見(jiàn))。

22.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirsnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutedtheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback-aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance-havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（）

2.AsaresultofPresentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?