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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京吉利學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

PoliceandlandlordsinWincantonandCasteCaryhaveunitedtosendaveryclearmessagethatdrugswillnotbe()inthetowns,aftertracesofClassAsubstanceswerediscoveredonpubpremises.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transported

B.tightened

C.tolerated

D.threatened

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。transported運(yùn)輸?shù)?;tightened變緊的;tolerated可接納的;threatened受到威脅的。句意:在酒吧場所發(fā)現(xiàn)a類物質(zhì)的蹤跡后,Wincanton和CasteCary的警察和酒吧老板聯(lián)合發(fā)出了一個非常明確的信息,即鎮(zhèn)上將不再容許毒品。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Tomajorinastrophysicsyouneedanextramathcourse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Togethighergradesinastrophysics.

B.Tofinishyourastrophysicspaper.

C.Tospecializeinastrophysics.

D.Tobetterunderstandtheastrophysicscourse.

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。題目中majorin表示“主修;專攻”,A選項(xiàng)為“在天體物理學(xué)上取得更高的成就”;B選項(xiàng)為“完成你的天體物理學(xué)論文”;C選項(xiàng)為“以天體物理學(xué)為專業(yè);專攻天體物理學(xué)”;D選項(xiàng)為“更好地了解天體物理學(xué)課程”。句意:要主修天體物理學(xué),你就得再選擇一個數(shù)學(xué)課。因此,正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的;中意的”;B選項(xiàng)engaged“使用中的;占線的”;C選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的”;D選項(xiàng)prospective“預(yù)期的;前瞻性的”。句意:以色列和巴勒斯坦之間總是存在著______和宗教性的爭議。根據(jù)語境,D選項(xiàng)prospective“預(yù)期的;前瞻性的”搭配disputes“爭議”比較合理,意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的爭議是遲早的事。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Meetingyourfamily’snutritionalneedsmayseemdifficultconsideringtoday’sbusylifestyles.Butitdoesn’thaveto(1).Evenanewemphasis(2)morefruitsandvegetablesdoesn’tnecessarily(3)morepreparationtimeifyoutake(4)oftheconvenienceofcannedfoods.

Whenyouopena(5)offruitorvegetableathomeyouhaveathandfresh-packednutritionalproduct,withnoman-madeingredient,nopreservatives.Andalltheworkhasbeen(6)foryou:slicing,thepeeling,(7)cooking.Cannedfruitsandvegetablesleaveyouthe(8)tobecreative.Andwiththevarietyoffruitsandvegetablesavailablethesedays,youcanservedifferentcombinationscreatenewdishes,and(9)newtastestooldrecipescannedfoodsare(10)well.AunitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureareNationalFoodAssociationco-sponsoredstudyshowscannedvegetablestobejustas(11)asfreshorfrozen.Becausecannedvegetablesareprocessedwithinhoursof(12)packed,theygenerallyretain70to90(13)oftheirnutrients.

Fruitsandvegetablescanningisassimple(14)whenyourgrandmother“putup”tomatoesandotherthingsfromthegarden.Freshproduceistakenfromthefieldatjusttherighttime,deliveredtothecannery,checked,washed,sealed,andsterilized.All(15),generallyhappensinless(16)24hoursto(17)thebestqualityandnutritionalvaluewithouttheneedforanypreservatives.

Usetheliquidsthatvegetablesarecanned(18)asasubstitute(19)waterinrecipestogetthatlastdropofgoodnutrition.Mostmajorbrandsofcannedfruitsandvegetablesincludednutritionalcontentandingredientstatementsontheir(20).Thisespeciallyimportanttothoseoncalories-consciousorrestricted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.be

C.seem

D.need

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.about

D.above

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.need

B.mean

C.spend

D.want

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.care

B.use

C.trouble

D.advantage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bowl

B.bottle

C.can

D.box

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.done

B.do

C.doing

D.does

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.the

B.a

C.with

D.without

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.need

B.time

C.food

D.job

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.delete

C.put

D.add

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.too

B.as

C.just

D.very

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.bad

C.better

D.worse

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.be

C.being

D.been

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.times

B.rate

C.kilogram

D.percent

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.than

C.to

D.same

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.about

C.together

D.thing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.than

C.about

D.around

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.remain

C.make

D.produce

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.into

D.inside

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.to

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.papers

B.names

C.brands

D.labels

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)do“做”;B選項(xiàng)be“是,成為”;C選項(xiàng)seem“看起來像,似乎”;D選項(xiàng)need“需要”。句意:考慮到當(dāng)今忙碌的生活方式,滿足家庭的營養(yǎng)需求似乎很難。但這并不()必須的。前面主要動詞部分為mayseemdifficult,空處所在句是省略句。其次,seem是系動詞,重復(fù)時以be代替,故完整句子應(yīng)為itdoesn’thavetobedifficult,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)on“在……上”;B選項(xiàng)to“朝,位于”;C選項(xiàng)about“有關(guān),關(guān)于”;D選項(xiàng)above“超過,多于”。句意:即使新的重點(diǎn)是更多的水果和蔬菜。這里考查了固定搭配,emphasis后面常跟on表示強(qiáng)調(diào)某一方面,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)need“需要”;B選項(xiàng)mean“意味著”;C選項(xiàng)spend“花費(fèi)”;D選項(xiàng)want“想要”。句意:如果你充分利用罐裝食品的便利,即使新的重點(diǎn)是更多的水果和蔬菜,也不一定()更多的準(zhǔn)備時間。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“即使是那些水果和蔬菜,也不意味著更多的準(zhǔn)備時間”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)care“關(guān)心,照顧”;B選項(xiàng)use“使用,用途”;C選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩,煩惱”;D選項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)勢,有利條件”。句意:如果你()罐裝食品的便利,即使新的重點(diǎn)是更多的水果和蔬菜,也不一定意味著更多的準(zhǔn)備時間。這里考查的是固定搭配takeadvantageof“利用,充分利用”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bowl“碗”;B選項(xiàng)bottle“瓶子”;C選項(xiàng)can“罐頭,罐”;D選項(xiàng)box“盒子”。句意:當(dāng)你在家打開一()水果或蔬菜時,你手邊就有新鮮包裝的營養(yǎng)產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)上文的cannedfoods及open提示此處應(yīng)是一罐食品,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查時態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)done表示過去;B選項(xiàng)do表示現(xiàn)在;C選項(xiàng)doing表示正在進(jìn)行;D選項(xiàng)does表示第三人稱單數(shù)。句意:所有的工作都為你()了:切片,剝皮。而這里講的是罐頭食物,罐頭食物應(yīng)該是所有的工作都已經(jīng)為消費(fèi)者“做好了”,包括切片,剝皮等。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)the“這個(特指)”;B選項(xiàng)a“一個”;C選項(xiàng)with”和……一起“;D選項(xiàng)still“仍然”。句意:所有的工作都為你完成了:切片,剝皮,甚至是烹飪。根據(jù)前面的thepeeling“剝皮”,可以類比推測出這里也應(yīng)該是thecooking“烹飪”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)need“需求,需要”;B選項(xiàng)time“時間”;C選項(xiàng)food“食物”;D選項(xiàng)job“工作”。句意:水果和蔬菜罐頭留給了你()去創(chuàng)造。通過本文的邏輯可以知道,罐頭食物是非常便捷,省時的,并且后文說道可以利用這個時間去創(chuàng)造很多新菜,因此應(yīng)該是“留了時間給人們?nèi)?chuàng)造”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)increase“增加,增多”;B選項(xiàng)delete“刪除”;C選項(xiàng)put“放置”;D選項(xiàng)add“添加”。句意:你可以提供不同的組合創(chuàng)造新的菜肴,并()新的口味的老食譜罐頭食品也很好。這里考查了固定搭配addto“把……添加到”,而根據(jù)上下文可以看出罐頭食物省下的時間可以給人們創(chuàng)作的可能性,人們可以增添新的風(fēng)味到之前的食譜里,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)too“……也,也是”;B選項(xiàng)as“正如,像……”;C選項(xiàng)just“僅僅,只是”;D選項(xiàng)very“非常”。句意:給舊食譜添加新口味罐頭食品()不錯。這里是講新風(fēng)味添加到舊食譜中也不錯,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“好的”;B選項(xiàng)bad“不好的,壞的”;C選項(xiàng)“更好的(比較級)”;D選項(xiàng)worse“更糟糕的(比較級)”。句意:研究表明,罐裝蔬菜與新鮮或冷凍蔬菜一樣()。這里考查了固定搭配asgoodas“和……一樣好”,因?yàn)槲恼率钦f罐頭食物的好處的,所以它們是和新鮮食物一樣好,A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查語態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)to“將要”;B選項(xiàng)be“變成”;C選項(xiàng)being“存在”;D選項(xiàng)been“是,有”。句意:因?yàn)楣扪b蔬菜在包裝后的幾個小時內(nèi)就會被加工。而前面加的是介詞of,介詞后面要加動詞的動名詞形式,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)times“時間”;B選項(xiàng)rate“比率”;C選項(xiàng)kilograms“千克”;D選項(xiàng)percent“百分比”。句意:它們通常會保留()七十到九十的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“百分之七十到九十的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“正如,像……”;B選項(xiàng)than“比”;C選項(xiàng)to“朝”;D選項(xiàng)same“和……一樣”。句意:(制作)水果和蔬菜罐頭是很簡單的,就像當(dāng)你的祖母“把”西紅柿和其他東西從花園里取出來一樣。這里考查的是as…as“像……一樣”短語,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)this“這個,這些”;B選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”;C選項(xiàng)together“和……一起”;D選項(xiàng)thing“事情,事物”。句意:所有(),通常發(fā)生在24小時之內(nèi)。這里表達(dá)的是以上所有的這些事,都是在24小時之內(nèi)發(fā)生的,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)to“朝,位于”;B選項(xiàng)than“比……”;C選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”;D選項(xiàng)around“在四周”。句意:所有這些事,通常發(fā)生在24小時()。lessthan“少于”,這里表示的是少于24小時內(nèi)發(fā)生的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保”;B選項(xiàng)remain“保持,依然”;C選項(xiàng)make“做”;D選項(xiàng)produce“生產(chǎn),引起”。句意:所有這一切,通常發(fā)生在24小時內(nèi),以()質(zhì)量和營養(yǎng)價值,不需要任何防腐劑。這里表達(dá)的是要確保營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和質(zhì)量,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)at“在……”,B選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;C選項(xiàng)into“進(jìn)入……”;D選項(xiàng)inside“在……內(nèi)側(cè)”,句意:使用罐裝蔬菜的液體作為食譜中的水的替代品,以獲得最后一滴好的營養(yǎng)。這里表達(dá)的液體是本身就在罐頭內(nèi)里的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)of“……的”;B選項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于”;C選項(xiàng)for“為了”;D選項(xiàng)to“為了,朝”。句意:使用罐裝蔬菜的液體作為食譜中的水的替代品,()獲得最后一滴好的營養(yǎng)。根據(jù)全文的邏輯,這里表達(dá)的意思是用液體代替水,是為了保證營養(yǎng)不流失,因此C選項(xiàng)表目的符合題意。

20.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)papers“紙巾,論文”;B選項(xiàng)names“名字”;C選項(xiàng)brands“品牌”;D選項(xiàng)labels“標(biāo)簽”。句意:大多數(shù)主要品牌的水果和蔬菜罐頭的()上都有營養(yǎng)成分和成分說明。這里表達(dá)的意思是大部分的罐頭標(biāo)簽上都會寫好營養(yǎng)成分和成分說明,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Itbestowstheabilitytoovercomelaziness,temptationsandnegativehabits,andtocarryoutactions,eveniftheyrequireeffort,areunpleasantandtediousorcontrarytoone’shabit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.monotonous

B.interesting

C.entertaining

D.equitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)monotonous“單調(diào)的,千篇一律的,因單調(diào)令人厭煩的”;B選項(xiàng)interesting“有趣的,有意思的”;C選項(xiàng)entertaining“令人愉快的,有趣的”;D選項(xiàng)equitable“公平的,公正的”。句意:它賦予人們克服懶惰、誘惑和消極習(xí)慣的能力,并且能夠采取行動,即使這些行動需要付出努力,是令人不快的、乏味的或與自己的習(xí)慣相反的。Tedious“沉悶的;冗長乏味的”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Foramomenthewasspeechless,stilltooastonishedto(

)whatitallmeant,andthenhesatheavilyandleanedforward,puttinghishanddownonthesummonsbutton.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.searchfor

C.takein

D.seeafter

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。breakdown“分解,故障”;searchfor“搜尋”;takein“吸收,領(lǐng)會”;seeafter“照顧,照料”。句意為:他一時說不出話來,仍十分驚訝,不知這一切意味著什么。他心事重重地坐了下來,身子向前傾斜,將手放在傳喚按鈕上。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Themanhadto()theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。A選項(xiàng)surround“圍繞,包圍”;B選項(xiàng)circle“盤旋,環(huán)繞……移動”;C選項(xiàng)observe“觀察,遵守”;D選項(xiàng)view“觀察,考慮”。句意:為了熟悉飛機(jī)的操縱,這個人不得不環(huán)繞著機(jī)場飛行了好幾次。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

8.單選題

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,________moveaboutfreely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aswellas“也”;disregardfor“忽視”;letalone“更不必說,聽任”;notmentioning“沒有提及”。句意:乘客們像沙丁魚一樣擠在充滿汗臭、幽閉恐怖的地鐵車廂里,幾乎無法呼吸,更無法自由活動。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在西方國家的有志之士都認(rèn)識到,不同文明之間應(yīng)學(xué)會共存,而不應(yīng)因文化上的不同而走向沖突以致戰(zhàn)爭。他們認(rèn)為,不同民族和國家可以通過文化交往與對話取得某種“共識”,也即有一個從“不同”到某種意義上相互“認(rèn)同”的過程。這種相互“認(rèn)同”是在兩種不同文化中尋找交匯點(diǎn),并在此基礎(chǔ)上推動雙方文化的發(fā)展,這正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.

10.單選題

Britainhasthehighest(

)ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popularity

B.prosperity

C.intensity

D.density

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。popularity普遍,流行;prosperity興旺,繁榮;intensity強(qiáng)烈,劇烈;density密集,稠密,密度。根據(jù)后面一句over60carsforeverymileofroad(每英里有60多輛汽車),推測D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe(

)impossibletocomprehend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasfound

B.wasfinding

C.hadfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。主句為一般過去時,因此從句也要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),故此處用過去完成時。

句意:學(xué)生說他發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇文章中里有幾個很難理解的點(diǎn)。

12.單選題

Awindowinthekitchenwas(

;therewasrubbisheverywhereandthecurtainsand

carpetshadbeenstolen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scraped

B.smashed

C.scratched

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Scrape“刮,擦”;smash“猛擊”;scratch“抓”;scatter“散落”。句意:廚房的一扇窗戶被砸碎了,垃圾散落一地,窗簾和地毯被偷走了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Forbetterhealthyoumustgiveupsmoking,takemoreexerciseand______eatingtoomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refrainfrom

B.wonderat

C.drawup

D.livethrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)refrainfrom“克制,抑制,忍住”,B項(xiàng)wonderat“對……感到吃驚”,C項(xiàng)drawup“草擬,起草,停住”,D項(xiàng)livethrough“度過,經(jīng)受過”。由Forbetterhealth“為了更好的健康”對應(yīng)可知,______eatingtoomuch中用refrainfrom符合語境。句意:為了更健康,你必須戒煙,多做運(yùn)動,不要吃得太多。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Doyouhaveany(

)aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideal

B.comprehension

C.notion

D.intelligence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。ideal“理想”;comprehension“理解力”;notion“觀念,意見”;intelligence“智力”。句意:你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么樣的嗎?選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout200wordsbasedonthetopic“DoesCollegeEducationPrepareStudentsWelltoMeltintoSociety”?Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

16.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeuptoone-fifththetotal()forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。acceptable“可接受的”;available“可獲得的,可得到的”;advisable“明智的,可取的”;applicable“可適用的,可應(yīng)用的”。句意:大體上,學(xué)生的房租支出最多只能占可多得的生活總費(fèi)用的五分之一。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Ifhehadknownhowtorepairthetoaster,hesurely

her.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldtell

B.wouldhavetold

C.willtell

D.tells

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)if從句的動詞時態(tài),可判斷出主句應(yīng)該使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意:要是他知道怎么修理烤面包機(jī),他肯定早就告訴她了。

18.單選題

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長江流經(jīng)一個有許多湖泊的大平原,這個平原寬達(dá)2公里,平均深度在6至15米之間。這個地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對……反對;particular特別,尤其,不與to搭配;subjectto使遭受;proneto有……傾向的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

Therearestillmanycountrieswherethedeathpenaltyisthe(

)againstmurder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanction

B.prevention

C.fright

D.threat

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁,處罰”;prevention“預(yù)防,阻止”;fright“驚嚇”;threat“威脅”。句意:仍然有許多國家將死刑作犯謀殺罪的處罰。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

1.Inthepastfewyears,evenastheUShaspulledoutoftheGreatRecessionof2008,someeconomistsandtechnologistshavewarnedthattheeconomyisnearatippingpoint.Whentheyexaminelabor-marketdata,theyseetroublingsigns,maskedfornowbyacyclicalrecovery.Theyseeautomationhighandlow—robotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter.Theyimagineself-drivingcarsandAmazondeliverydronesdottingthesky,replacingmillionsofdrivers,warehouseStockersandsalesworkers.Theyobservethatthecapabilitiesofmachinescontinuetogrowexponentially,whileourownremainthesame.Andtheywonder:Isanyjobtrulysafe?

2.Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines.Theyimaginethedisappearanceofdrudgeryanditsreplacementbygreaterleisureandalmostlimitlesspersonalfreedom.Ifthecapabilitiesofcomputerscontinuetomultiplywhilethe

priceofcomputingcontinuestofall,thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome.

3.Butthewidespreaddisappearanceofworkwouldopenthewayforasocialtransformationunlikeanywe’veseen.Savingworkmaybemoreimportantthansavinganyparticularjob.IndustriousnesshasservedasAmerica’sunofficialreligionsinceitsfounding.Thesanctityandpreeminenceofworklieattheheartofthecountry’spolitics,economicsandsocialinteractions.Whatmighthappenifworkgoesaway?

4.TheUSlaborforcehasbeenshapedbytechnologicalprogress.Agriculturaltechnologygavebirthtothefarmingindustry,theindustrialrevolutionmovedpeopleintofactories,andthenglobalizationandautomationmovedthembackout,givingrisetoaserviceeconomy.Butthroughallthesechanges,thetotalnumberofjobsalwaysincreased.Whatmaybeloomingisaneraoftechnologicalunemploymentinwhichtheinventionsofcomputerscientistsandsoftwareengineersshrinkthetotalnumberofjobspermanently.

5.Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency.InthemidstoftheGreatDepression,theBritisheconomistJMKeynesforecastthatby2030technologicalprogresswouldallowa15-hourworkweek,andabundantleisure.Butaroundthesametime,USPresidentHooveralsoreceivedaletterwarningthatindustrialtechnologywasa“monster”thatthreatenedtoupendmanufacturing,“devouringourcivilization”.Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape.

6.AccordingtoPeterFrase,theauthorofFourFutures,anewbookabouthowautomationwillchangeAmerica,workisreallythreethingsthemeansbywhichtheeconomyproducesgoods,themeansbywhichpeopleearnincome,andanactivitythatlendsmeaningorpurposetomanypeople’slives.“Wetendtoconfusethesethings,”hetoldme,“becausetodayweneedtopaypeopletokeepthelightson,sotospeak.Butinafutureofabundance,youwouldn’t,andweoughttothinkaboutwaystomakeiteasiernottobeemployed.”

7.Frasebelongstoasmallgroupofwriters,academicsandeconomistswhowelcometheendoflabor.USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake,”saysBenjaminHunnicutt,anotherofthisgroupandahistorianattheUniversityofIowa,“eventhoughmostjobsaren’tveryuplifting.”A2014Gallupreportonworkersatisfactionfoundthatasmanyas70percentofAmericansdon’tfeelengagedbytheircurrentjob.Hunnicutttoldmethatifacashier’sworkwereavideogame,criticsofvideogamesmightcallitmindless.Butwhenit’sa“job”,politicianspraiseitsintrinsicdignity.“Purpose,meaning,creativity,autonomy-allthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob,”hesaid.

8.Thesethinkersarecertainlyrightaboutsomeimportantthings.Paidlabordoesnotalwayscorrelateneatlywithsocialgood.Raisingchildrenandcaringforthesickareessentialwork,yetthesejobsarecompensatedpoorlyornotatall.Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors:oursenseofpersonalworthcouldcomefromourrelationshipsratherthanfromourcareers.Thepost-workproponentsagreethateveninthebestpost-workscenarios,prideandjealousywillremain,eveninaneconomyofabundance.Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being.Hunnicuttthinkscollegescouldreemergeasculturalcentersratherthanjob-preparationinstitutions.Thewordschool,hepointedout,comesfromskholetheancientGreekwordfor“l(fā)eisure”.“Weusedtoteachpeoplehowtobefree,”hesaid.“Nowweteachthemhowtowork.”

9.Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople.Fewofthemspendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep.Time-usesurveysshowthatjoblesspeopleintheirthirtiesandfortiesdedicatesomeofthetimeoncespentworkingtocleaningandchildcare.Butmeninparticulardevotemostoftheirfreetimetoleisure:watchingtelevision,browsingtheinternet,andsleeping.Retiredseniorswatchabout50hoursoftelevisionaweek.Theunemployedtheoreticallyhavethemosttimetosocialize,yetstudiesshowthattheyfeelthemostsocialisolation.

10.Mostpeoplewanttoworkandaremiserablewhentheycannot.Peoplewholosetheirjobaremorelikelytosufferfrommentalandphysicalailments.“Thereisalossofstatus,ageneraldepressivefeeling,whichaffectsthebodyorthemindorboth,”saysRalphCatalano,apublic-healthprofessoratUCBerkeley.Researchshowsthatitishardertorecoverfromalongperiodofjoblessnessthanfromlosingalovedoneorsufferingalife-alteringinjury.Theverythingsthathelpmanypeoplerecoverfromotheremotionaltraumas~aroutine,anabsorbingdistraction,adailypurpose-arenotreadilyavailabletotheunemployed.

11.ThetransitionfromlaborforcetoleisureforcewouldlikelybeparticularlyhardonAmericans,theworkerbeesoftherichworld:Between1950and2012,annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEurope—byabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlands-butbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates.Wealthier,university-educatedAmericansareworkingmorethantheydid30yearsago,particularlywhenonecountstimeworkingandansweringe-mailathome.

12.In1989,psychologistsconductedafamousstudyofChicagoworkersthatfoundpeopleatworkoftenwishedtheyweresomewhereelse.Butthesesameworkersreportedfeelingbetterintheofficeorattheplantthantheydidelsewhere.Thetwopsychologistscalledthis“theparadoxofwork”:manypeoplearehappiercomplainingaboutjobsthantheyarewithtoomuchleisure.Otherresearchersdescribepeoplearewhousemediatorelaxbutoftenfeelworthlesswhentheyreflectontheirunproductivedowntime.Thepost-workthinkersarguethatAmericansworksohardbecausetheircultureconditionsthemtofeelguiltywhentheyarenotbeingproductive.Theyassertthatthisguiltwillfadeasworkceasestobethenorm--anuntestablehypothesis.Whenaskedwhatsortofmodemcommunitymostresembleshisidealofapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttadmitted,“I’mnotsurethatsuchaplaceexists.”

1.Inparagraph1,the“operatingroom”(

).

2.Thewritersmentionedinparagraph2.

3.Inparagraph2,theauthorforeseesafuture.(

4.InBritainandAmerica,liberationfromworkhaslongbeenregardedas.

5.Theword“agency”inparagraph5(

).

6.TheauthorofthearticleseemstobelievethatintheUnitedStatesdedicationtoworkfunctionalmostlikewhatinChinesesociety?

7.(

).

8.Theauthorofthisarticle(

).

9.Inorderforhumanstobetrulyhappyaswage-payingjobsceasetobeapartoftheirlives,peoplelikeHunnicuttthinkthatwhoserolewillbeespeciallysignificant?

10.Menwithoutjobsandpensionersaremostsimilarinthattheyspendagreatdealoftime(

11.Theauthorofthisarticlewouldprobablyagreethatwhowilladjustmostcomfortablytothedisappearanceofconventionaljobs?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.iswheremanyofthemostadvancedrobotswillbedesigned.

B.servesasanexampleofautomationinahighlyskilledprofessionalfield.

C.ismentionedtoshowhowintimatethecontactofhumansandrobotswillbe.

D.definestheupperlimitofthechangesthatautomationandroboticswillbringtoourdailylives.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aresharplycriticalofpeoplewhofeartheriseofrobot.

B.tendtoapproveofautomationbuthavemixedfeelingaboutrobots.

C.viewautomationandroboticsprimarilyintermsoftheirimpactontheeconomy.

D.tendtoviewtheadvanceofautomationandroboticsinaratheroptimisticlight.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofrisingincomesforpeoplegenerally.

B.ofdramaticallyhigherincomesforalimitednumberofpeople.

C.withdecliningwealthandfallingincomesforaminorityofthepopulation.

D.inwhichthedirectionofeconomicdevelopmentiscompletelyunclear.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.apurelypositivedevelopment.

B.asimpleconsequenceoftechnicalchange,tobeacceptedcalmly.

C.bothdesirableandthreatening.

D.theroadtorapideconomicandmoralruinforhumanity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.referstoourabilityandwilltodetermineourownindividuallives.

B.suggeststhatwithoutjobswewillbecomelazyandirresponsible.

C.referstothecompaniesthatemploymosthumanbeingsintoday’sworld.

D.functionsasasynonymof“income”.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Devotiontofamily.

B.DedicationtoGod.

C.Loveofmoney.

D.Devotiontoclosefriends.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.ishopefulthatautomationwillenableustomakejobstrulyuplifting.

B.thinksthatpeoplewholookdownonvideogamesprobablydon’tenjoyworking.

C.isoftheopinionthatthejobsmostAmericanshavearefarsillierthanvideogames.

D.believesthatAmericanstendtooverestimatethepositivenon-economicvalueofhavingajob.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.consistentlyrejectstheopinionsofthewriterswholookforwardtoapost-worksociety.

B.tendstoagreewiththeirassessmentofthegenuinevalueofjobsinUSsocietytoday.

C.thinksthathowmodemAmericanswithoutjobsmostoftenbehaveprovideslittlesupportfortheirarguments.

D.thinksthatthetendenciesobservableinthebehaviorofmodemAmericanswithnojobssupportstheirargumentsfairlywell.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Thatofsocialpsychologists.

B.Thestates.

C.Thatofeducators,especiallyattheuniversitylevel.

D.Thefamily’s.

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.socializing.

B.watchingtelevision.

C.practicinghobbies.

D.online.

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Chicagoan.

B.Americanswithuniversitydegrees.

C.Europeans.

D.Male.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Theyseeautomationhighandlowrobotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter。他們可以從高端和低端領(lǐng)域看到自動化的存在一一在操作間以及在快餐柜臺的后邊”,由此我們可知operatingroom應(yīng)該是自動化在高端低端領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)用,因此選擇B項(xiàng)(作為自動化在高技術(shù)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的實(shí)例)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines(科幻作家有時候期待工作場地被機(jī)器所替代)??芍麄儗τ谧詣踊蜋C(jī)器人技術(shù)是持積極的態(tài)度,因此選D項(xiàng)(傾向于樂觀地看待自動化和機(jī)器人技術(shù)的進(jìn)步)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:...thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome(…這意味著許多生活必需品和奢侈品將變得越來越便宜,這對一些人來說是一筆財富)。因此選B項(xiàng)(作者預(yù)見將來對于某些人來說收入劇增)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BritainandAmerica和liberation定位至第五段:Thesehopesandfearswererevisitedwithparticularurgencyduringthe1960s,asthecomputerrevolutiontookshape(這些希望與擔(dān)憂在20世紀(jì)60年代是如此急促地回現(xiàn),當(dāng)時正值計算機(jī)技術(shù)改革的時候),因此選C項(xiàng)(既渴望又感受到威脅)。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段:Thehopethatmachinesmightfreeusfromtoilhasalwaysbeenmixedwiththefearthattheywillrobusofouragency(人們一邊希望機(jī)器使我們擺脫勞役,一邊恐懼機(jī)器會奪走我們的代理權(quán))。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Inapost-worksociety,Hunnicuttsaid,peoplemightspendmoretimecaringfortheirfamiliesandneighbors(把工作放到次要的社會,人們可能會把更多的時間用于照顧家庭和鄰里上來),可知中國社會應(yīng)該是“投入到家庭中”的社會,故選A。

7.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BenjaminHunnicutt定位至第七段:USsocietyhas“anirrationalbeliefinworkforwork’ssake(美國社會有一種“為了工作而工作”的非理性信仰)。故選D:認(rèn)為美國人傾向于高估工作帶來的非經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的正面價值。

8.態(tài)度方向題。題目跟選項(xiàng)給出的是作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。需要綜合全文理解。根據(jù)文中第九段第一句Hunnicutt’svisiondoesn’tresembletheworldcurrentlyexperiencedbymostjoblesspeople“亨尼科特的觀點(diǎn)與目前世界上失業(yè)的人所經(jīng)歷的不一樣”可知選項(xiàng)C“當(dāng)代失業(yè)的美國人經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)出來的行為并不能支撐他們的論點(diǎn)”相符,而與選項(xiàng)D“對于所觀察到的美國失業(yè)人員的行為趨勢相當(dāng)完美地支撐了他們的觀點(diǎn)”相矛盾。選項(xiàng)A“一直反對期待把工作放到次要地位的作者的觀點(diǎn)”不準(zhǔn)確,因?yàn)槲恼伦髡哌€是肯定了其存在某些方面的好處;根據(jù)第七段Purpose,meaning,creativity,autonomyallthesethingsthatpsychologyhasshowntobenecessaryforwell-beingareabsentintheaveragejob“目標(biāo)、意義、創(chuàng)新、自主一一所有這些在心理學(xué)家看來對于幸福生活必備的因素,但是在一般的工作中缺失”與選項(xiàng)B“傾向于同意他們對于當(dāng)今美國社會工作真正價值的評估”相矛盾。故本題正確答案為C。

9.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位至第八段:Butwiththerightgovernmentarrangements,theybelieve,theendofwagelaborwillallowforagoldenageofwell-being(但是他們相信在政府的正確安排之下,停止雇傭勞動力將會迎來幸福生活的黃金時代),由此可見政府起著關(guān)鍵作用。

10.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞menwithoutjobs定位至第九段:Fewofthem

spendtheirdowntimesocializingwithfriendsortakingupnewhobbies.InsteadtheywatchTVorsleep(他們中很少有人花時間和朋友交往或從事新的愛好。相反,他們看電視或睡覺)。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第十一段:Between1950and2012,annualhoursworkedperworkerfellsignificantlythroughoutEuropebyabout40percentinGermanyandtheNetherlandsbutbyonly10percentintheUnitedStates(從1950年到2012年,在整個歐洲,每個工人的年工作時間大幅下降,德國和荷蘭下降了40%,而美國僅下降了10%)。由此可知?dú)W洲人對于傳統(tǒng)工作的消失能更好地適應(yīng)。

21.單選題

Heisoneofthemostactive()intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhabitants

B.descendants

C.participants

D.tenants

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inhabitant“居民;居住者”;B選項(xiàng)descendant“后裔;子孫”;C選項(xiàng)participant“參與者”;D選項(xiàng)tenant“承租人;房客;佃戶”。句意:他是學(xué)生會課外活動最積極的參與者之一。結(jié)合句意,判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

22.單選題

Platohadanessentiallyantagonisticviewofartandtheartist,althoughheapprovedofcertainreligiousandmoralistickindsofart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.responsive

C.feasible

D.hostile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。antagonistic表示“敵對的,對抗性的”;A項(xiàng)ethical“倫理的,道德的”,B項(xiàng)responsive“響應(yīng)的,應(yīng)答的”,C項(xiàng)feasible“可行的,可能的,可實(shí)行的”,D項(xiàng)hostile“敵對的,敵方的,懷敵意的”。句意:盡管柏拉圖贊同某些宗教和道德的藝術(shù)類型,但他對藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家的看法本質(zhì)上是對立的。因此,根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

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