書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東服裝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheclashbetweenRealMadridandArsenalisbeing（）asthematchoftheseason.

問題1選項

A.harbinger

B.allured

C.congested

D.lodged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。harbinger“先驅(qū)，預(yù)兆”；allured“引誘；誘惑”；congested“充塞，充滿”；lodge“寄宿，臨時住宿”。句意：皇家馬德里和阿森納之間的沖突是這個賽季的前奏。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Theadoffour-wheeledvehiclegivesviewersafeelingof（）thatnomatterwhathappensweatherwise,nomatterhowmuchitsnowsorhowbadthemudslidesare,youcangooutinyourfour-wheeldrive.

問題1選項

A.invulnerability

B.irrationality

C.ambiguity

D.simplicity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項invulnerability“刀槍不入，不會受傷害”；B選項irrationality“不合理，無理性”；C選項ambiguity“含糊，不明確”；D選項simplicity“樸素，簡易”。句意：四輪汽車的廣告給觀眾一種無堅不摧的感覺，不管天氣如何，不管下多大的雪，不管泥石流有多嚴(yán)重，都可以開著四輪汽車出門。本句表示四輪汽車不會受到傷害。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

問題1選項

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項inlinewith“與……一致”；B選項forthesakeof“為了”；C選項incaseof“以防萬一”；D選項attheriskof“冒著……的危險”。句意：我總是在早上較早離開家去上學(xué)______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語境，這里指早點(diǎn)出門是為了不想堵車，C選項incaseof“以防萬一”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問題1選項

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration頭韻；clause從句；（法律文件等的）條款;assertion主張,斷言。句意:在陪審團(tuán)面前,他重申自己無罪的。因此D項符合句意。

5.單選題

Bartendersarerarelyshyaboutofferinganopinion.ButonarecenteveningattheFinboroughWineCafe,inbetweenpoursofBeaujolais,thebartenderVanBadhamwasmemorablyonpointaboutthenewplay“MirrorTeeth”beingperformedinanupstairsroom:AChristopher-Durang-meets-Caryl-Churchillsatireaboutracism,sexandcontrolintheBritishfamily.

Ms.Badham,itwaslaterrevealed,doublesastheliterarymanagerfortheFinboroughTheater,whichhasbeenatenantatthepubsince1980.NeilMcPherson,thetheater’sartisticdirectoranditsonlysalariedemployee,saidseveralcompanymemberstendedbartomakeendsmeet,giventhattheyarepaidbythetheateronlyifaproductionturnsaprofit.Nosuccessistoosmall:Heoncedoledout￡1.18toeachcrewmemberafteroneplayinthe50-seattheaterdidabitbetterthanbreakeven.

“Theactorsdon’tgetpaid,either,notusually，”Mr.McPhersonsaid,sittingonthesnugstageafter“MirrorTeeth”hadconcludedthatnight.“Butifyou’vebeenstuckinPhantom’for10yearsandyou’reaboutreadytoslityourwrists,andyoucravedoingsomeproperacting,youcandothathere.”

LikethestorefronttheatersceneinChicago,ortheoutdoorproductionsinparks,playgroundsandcarlotsacrossNewYorkinthesummer,pubtheatersareabelovedpartoftheplay-makingtraditioninEngland,especiallyLondon.TheirlineageextendstotheRestoration,whenactingtroupestookoveremptydiningroomsabovepubstoperformplaysofvulgarmaterialthatwentwellwithapint.LatertheVictorian-eramusichalls--awildlypopularamusementfortheworkingclasses—gottheirstartinsaloonbars.

Pubtheatersproliferatedinthe1970sand1980swiththeincreaseintheatercompaniesofyoungartistsandin-houseplaywrightswantingtodoseriousworkonshoestringbudgetsincloseproximitytoaudiences.

“Whatworksinourfavoristheintimacyoftheexperience，”saidTimRoseman，whosharesthejobofartisticdirectoratanotherpubspace,Theater503，withPaulRobinson.“Yougenuinelyfeelyouareinthesameroomastheactors,thatyoubreathethecharacters’air,andthismakesforanelectrifyingexperience.

Mr.Robinsonadded:“It’simpossibletocreatethatintensitywhenthereare1,000peoplewatching.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,VanBadhamwas（）.

2.ManypeoplejoinedtheFinboroughTheaterknowingthat（）.

3.ThelastpersononecanexpecttoseeperformingintheFinboroughTheaterwouldbesomeonewho（）.

4.LiketheoutdoortheatersceneplayedinsomecitiesintheU.S.,pubtheatersinLondon（）.

5.Sometheatercompaniespreferredpubtheatersbecauseoftheir（）.

6.AccordingtoMr.Robinson,peoplelikehim,whileworkingwithapubtheater,oftenhaveafeelingof（）.

問題1選項

A.unusualaboutremarkingon“MirrorTeeth”

B.lenientwiththeplaysperformedinherbar

C.fondofofferingopinionslikeherworkmates

D.infavourofthethemeofthenewplay

問題2選項

A.theyshouldservedrinksaswellasact

B.theywouldgetaverylimitedsalary

C.theymightworkwithoutbeingpaid

D.theymustmakethebusinessprofitable

問題3選項

A.hasvastnumbersoffans

B.wishestomakealiving

C.desirestobeagreatactor

D.fearsalargeaudience

問題4選項

A.canbeenjoyedwithadrinkofwine

B.canbetracedbacktothe17thcentury

C.tendtoperformplayswithrealisticthemes

D.appealespeciallytothelowerclasses

問題5選項

A.unfussyviewers

B.moderatecosts

C.greatpopularity

D.casualperformance

問題6選項

A.challenge

B.tension

C.excitement

D.desperation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句提到調(diào)酒師VanBadham關(guān)于新劇”MirrorTeeth”提出了自己的看法，這個看法讓人難忘（thebartenderVanBadhamwasmemorablyonpointaboutthenewplay“MirrorTeeth”beingperformedinanupstairsroom），由此可知她的觀點(diǎn)是與眾不同的，因此選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到劇院只有藝術(shù)總監(jiān)一個人是帶薪員工，其他成員只有演出盈利時才會給他們報酬（NeilMcPherson,thetheater’sartisticdirectoranditsonlysalariedemployee,saidseveralcompanymemberstendedbartomakeendsmeet,giventhattheyarepaidbythetheateronlyifaproductionturnsaprofit），因此可知人們加入劇團(tuán)的時候知道可能沒有薪酬，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是”人們可以期待最后一個在Finborough劇場表演的人會是什么樣的人”?？梢杂门懦ń鉀Q此題，選項B”希望能夠養(yǎng)家糊口”，根據(jù)文章可知在劇場工作是沒有固定薪資的，所以可以排除；選項C“期望成為一位偉大的演員”在文章中并沒有提及到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，排除；選項D”害怕觀眾很多”，文章倒數(shù)第二段提到與觀眾密切接觸對我們我好處（Whatworksinourfavoristheintimacyoftheexperience），由此可知并不會害怕觀眾，因此該項也可以排除。綜上，選項A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。本題是拿美國大城市的戶外劇場與倫敦酒吧劇場作對比。文章第四段講述了酒吧劇場的歷史：酒吧劇場作為一種傳統(tǒng)創(chuàng)作在倫敦特別流行，劇團(tuán)成員在酒吧空蕩蕩的餐廳進(jìn)行表演，表演一些庸俗的戲劇，與一品脫酒相得益彰，是工人階級的娛樂方式（awildlypopularamusementfortheworkingclasses），由此可知去pubTheatre的人主要是一些下等人，因此選項D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。酒吧劇場在七十年代和八十年代數(shù)量增加，原因是青年演員和劇作家預(yù)算少，但是又想離觀眾近（youngartistsandin-houseplaywrightswantingtodoseriousworkonshoestringbudgetsincloseproximitytoaudiences.）

6.判斷推理題。文章第六段提到Mr.Robinson的觀點(diǎn)：你會真正感覺你和演員在同一房間里，呼吸著角色的空氣，這是一種振奮的體驗（Yougenuinelyfeelyouareinthesameroomastheactors,thatyoubreathethecharacters’air,andthismakesforanelectrifyingexperience），由此可知選項C符合題意。

6.不定項選擇題

Microsoftisnolongertheworld’sbiggestcompanybymarketcapitalization.ThereotherU.Scompanieshaveovertakenthesoftwaregiantintermsofstockmarketvalue.Thefirm’svaluehasgonedownsharplyby41%sofarthisyear,fromnearly$600billionto$358billion.Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.

OverthepastyearMicrosoftshareshavemoveddownwardsfromahighof$120to$68inearlytradingon7June.MeanwhilerivalCiscohasseenitssharepriceriseby$25tomorethan$60asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.AndformostoftheyearithasbeencompetingwithcomputerchipmakerIntelforthesecondplace.Intel’sPentiumchipsarewidelyusedinpersonalcomputersworldwide.

Thecompanythatnowholdsthetitleoftheworld’biggestcompanyisanindustrialgiantwhichmakeseverythingfromtoasterstojetengines.GEhassalesof$110billion—nearlytentimesthatofMicrosoftand340,000employeesworldwide.Ithasseenitsprofitsgrowby15%ayearto$11billion.GECapitalServices,itsfinancialsubsidiary,makeupnearlyhalfitssales.GEproducespowergenerationsystems,locomotive,medicalimagingequipmentandelectricalappliances.ItalsoowntheU.StelevisionnetworkNBCanditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.

Microsoft’ssharesnowfaceafurtherperiodofuncertaintyasthecompany’slegalbattlecontinues.Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.TheSeattlebasedfirmislikelytogotoanappealscourtonanyrulings.Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.

1.Microsoft’ssharesaredevalueddrasticallyowingto（

）.

2.CiscoSystem’ssharepricehasrisenconsiderably（

）.

3.WhichisnowthesecondbiggestcompanyintheUnitedStates?

4.WhichofthefollowingcompaniesisownedbyGeneralElectricandMicrosofttogether?

5.WhyisitdifficultforMicrosofttoretainemployees?

問題1選項

A.fiercecompetitionfromrivals

B.itsinvolvementinalawsuit

C.thecourtrulings

D.thedecreaseinsalesvolume

問題2選項

A.afterithasovertakenpartofMicrosoft’sshares

B.afterithasbeatenIntelandrisentothesecondplace

C.sinceithasgainedafirmfootinginthemarket

D.becauseitisdevelopingjointlywithMicrosoft

問題3選項

A.GeneralElectric

B.Intel

C.CiscoSystems

D.GECapitalServices

問題4選項

A.GECapitalServices

B.NBC

C.CNBC

D.MSNBC

問題5選項

A.Becauseitfacesanuncertainfuture.

B.Becauseitwillhaveprobleminnovatingitself.

C.Becauseitwillhaveproblempayingthem.

D.Becauseitmaybeboughtupbyitscompetitorsoneday.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：微軟公司市值急劇下降的原因是……。A選項“與對手的激烈競爭”；B選項“卷入到一場訴訟中”C選項“法院裁決”；D選項“銷售量的下降”根據(jù)題干定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.（股價下跌的主要原因是正在進(jìn)行的反壟斷案引發(fā)的）。所以答案是B，文中沒有提到法院的裁決所以不能選C。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：思科系統(tǒng)公司的股價上升……。A選項“在它超過了微軟的部分股份之后”；B選項“在擊敗英特爾并上升到第二位之后”；C選項“因為它已經(jīng)在市場上站穩(wěn)了腳跟”；D選項“因為它是和微軟合作開發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話…asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.（……當(dāng)該公司已經(jīng)在為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供硬件方面獲得了自己的角色），C選項是這句話的同義替換，所以答案選C；文中沒有提及股價上升的具體時間也沒有說該公司加入了微軟，所以A、B、D選項錯誤。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：那個公司是現(xiàn)在美國第二大的公司。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句話IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.（它已經(jīng)被價值5060億美元的通用電氣、價值4410億美元的英特爾和價值4360億美元的思科系統(tǒng)所超越。）微軟原本是第一，后來被這三家公司超過，排在第二的是因特爾公司，所以答案選B。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列哪一家公司是通用電氣和微軟共同擁有的？根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句…anditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.（以及它的金融新聞子公司CNBC，諷刺的是，這是它與微軟成立的一家提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)新聞的合資公司。），因此答案選C。

第5題:判斷推理題。題干：為什么微軟很難留住員工？A選項“因為他們面臨一個不確定的未來”B選項“因為他們很難做到創(chuàng)新”；C選項“因為它將發(fā)不出工資”；D選項“因為總有一天它會被對手買下”根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第二句話Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.（該公司還可能在招聘和留住員工方面面臨困難，這些員工的工資由他們的股票期權(quán)推動）和第四句話Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.（如果競爭對手提起訴訟，它可能會遭受更大的損失，而競爭對手則可以就其遭受的任何損失要求三倍的賠償）。從這兩句可以看出員工工資隨著股票的漲動而動，但是微軟可能還會遭受另一些訴訟，所以答案選A，C選項文章沒有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句話Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.（由于公司的能源和資源都被官司纏身，該公司可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)在未來很難繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新，或采取激進(jìn)的行動收購競爭對手。）由此可知文章指的是微軟現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不能把對手買下了，不是被對手買下，所以錯誤；而不能創(chuàng)新不是不能留住員工的原因，所以C不能選。

7.單選題

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

問題1選項

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。knowbetterthantodo“不至于不知道”。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itisfertileandproductive.

B.Itissmallandunconventional.

C.Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.

D.Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題2選項

A.Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.

B.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.

C.Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.

D.Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.

問題3選項

A.Itcauseshardlyanypollution.

B.Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.

C.Itsavesalotofelectricity.

D.Itneedslittlemaintenance.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

There’salotaboutLeoSanchezandhisfarminSalinas,Californiathatseemsunusual.[9]Thenationalaveragefarmsizeisaround440acres,buthisisonlyoneacre.Theaverageageoffarmershoversaround58yearsold,butheisjust26.AndSanchezconstantlyattemptstoimproveeverythingfromseedingtechniquesoutinthefieldtothepromotionandsaleofhisproduceonline.Thisisevidenceofanexperimentalapproach.[9]It’sanapproachnotdictatedbytheconfinesofconventional,large-scaleagricultureledbyinternationalcorporations.

Whilefarmingisoftendifficultforboththebodyandmind,[10]Sanchezsaysheandmanyofhisfellowyoungfarmersaremotivatedbyadesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture.Manyofthemareemployingamultitudeoftechnologies,somenewandsome...notsonew.Recently,[11]Sanchezboughtahand-operatedtoolwhichpullsoutweedsandloosenssoil.Itactuallydatesbacktoatleast1701.ItstandsinsharpcontrasttoSanchez’sothergadget:agas-poweredflameweed-killerinventedin1997.Hesimplydoesn’tdiscriminatewhenitcomestothenewnessoftools.Ifitworks,itworks.

Farmershavealonghistoryofinvention,andit’snodifferenttoday.Youngfarmersareguidedbytheirloveofagricultureandaidedbytheirknowledgeoftechnology.Tofindinexpensiveandappropriately-sizedtools,theycollaborateandinnovate.Sometimestheoldstuffjustworksbetter,ormoreefficiently.

9.WhatdowelearnaboutLeoSanchez’sfarm?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場的信息。錄音提到，全國農(nóng)場的平均面積約440英畝，但利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場只有一英畝，由此可知他的農(nóng)場規(guī)模很小。桑切斯不斷嘗試改進(jìn)一切，其實驗的方法不為傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)所束縛，由此可知他的農(nóng)場是非傳統(tǒng)的。因此B選項“規(guī)模小，非傳統(tǒng)”為正確答案。A選項“肥沃多產(chǎn)”和D選項“盈利且環(huán)?！痹阡浺糁袥]有提及。C選項“位置優(yōu)越，完全自動化”，錄音中提到桑切斯買了一個可以拔除雜草和松土的手動工具，由此可知并不是完全自動化的，因此C選項錯誤。

10.WhathasmotivatedLeoSanchezandhisfellowyoungfarmerstoengageinfarming?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么激勵利奧?桑切斯和他的伙伴們從事農(nóng)業(yè)？錄音提到，他和許多年輕的農(nóng)民伙伴都是受一種為農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)立新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的愿望所激勵，因此A選項“他們希望樹立新的農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正確。B選項“他們想讓農(nóng)業(yè)變得更有樂趣的強(qiáng)烈愿望”；C選項“他們改善農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備的愿望”以及D選項“他們希望振興傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)”均不正確。

11.WhydidLeoSanchezbuyahand-operatedweedingtool?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問利奧?桑切斯為什么要買一個手動除草工具？錄音提到，桑切斯買了一個可以拔除雜草和松土的手動工具，因此B選項“除草時能松土”正確。A選項“幾乎不會造成任何污染”；C選項“節(jié)省了大量電力”以及D選項“幾乎不需要維護(hù)”在錄音中均未提及。

9.單選題

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這棟房子非常安靜，由于它在山麓上而被隔離開了。后半句句子的主語是it,指代前面的house，house與isolate是動賓關(guān)系，即“房子被隔離”，因此應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.

問題1選項

A.accomplice

B.collaborator

C.confederate

D.cobber

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項accomplice“同謀者；共犯”，指在犯罪行為中幫助另一個人；B選項collaborator“合作者；協(xié)作者；合著者”，指在做好事中幫助另一個人；C選項confederate“同盟國，同盟者；幫兇；美國南部邦聯(lián)支持者”，常指國家或政府層面的結(jié)盟；D選項cobber“伙伴；朋友”，不常用，屬于澳洲俚語。句意：他聲稱，如果他能找到一位______來處理不太重要的部分，他將編寫一部英語杰作。此處填“合著者”一詞更符合句意，所以B選項正確。

11.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce______hazards(危險).

問題1選項

A.feasible

B.positive

C.potential

D.substantial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項feasible“可行的”；B選項positive“積極的”；C選項potential“潛在的”；D選項substantial“實質(zhì)的”。句意：工業(yè)社區(qū)應(yīng)該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但又要足夠遠(yuǎn)，以減少潛在的危害。本句表示潛在的危害。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnorsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestrictureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（

）

3.Theauthoruses“thedisplaced”(Line5,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（

）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（

）

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree（

）.

問題1選項

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuretosettletheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach解釋了為什么美國被稱為“車輪上的國家”，80%的家庭擁有至少一輛車，超過25%的家庭擁有兩輛車。選項B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor提到造成營養(yǎng)不調(diào)的主要原因是失業(yè)。選項C符合題意。

3.文章第二段提出長期失業(yè)是造成一些人營養(yǎng)不良的原因，比如在南方農(nóng)村當(dāng)一個棉花種植園突然將自己的雇傭工人從100人降到3人，那么就意味著有97人失業(yè)（“Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises”）由此可以推斷thedisplaced在這里有“失業(yè)人員”的意思。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第三段提及了美國的平均貧困線，然后提到只有年收入在貧困線以下才有資格領(lǐng)取政府的福利補(bǔ)助：accordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram,由此推測eligible的意思是“有資格的”。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到美國的福利政策在一定程度上解決了貧困線以下那些人的衣食住的問題，這相比多數(shù)其他國家的人要過得好。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

（）I’llmarryhimallthesame.

問題1選項

A.Washerichorpoor

B.Whetherrichorpoor

C.Wereherichorpoor

D.Beherichorpoor

【答案】D

【解析】語法題——考查虛擬語氣。D選項這是省略whether后的讓步狀語從句，從句用了省略should虛擬語氣，省略whether后，句子要倒裝，原句等于whetherhe(should）berichorpoor...，謂語動詞提前時要用從句謂語原形動詞即be，排除A、C項；而B選項省略錯誤，邏輯主語發(fā)生了變化。句意：不管他是窮是富，我都要嫁給他。因此D選項正確。

14.翻譯題

大米的營養(yǎng)價值同土豆的差不多，但在常溫下保存的更久。

上大學(xué)并不一定是每個人的恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇，更不是唯一的選擇。

僅碳?xì)鋬煞N元素就能構(gòu)成成千上萬種化合物，其原因是碳?xì)涞姆肿涌梢砸圆煌姆绞竭M(jìn)行連接。

所有這些都促使學(xué)生獨(dú)立認(rèn)真地學(xué)習(xí)，促使他們學(xué)會如何發(fā)現(xiàn)利用大學(xué)的資源。

經(jīng)濟(jì)水平比較低的情況下，它反而會給現(xiàn)代政府在提供食物，就業(yè)機(jī)會等方面增加巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。

【答案】Thenutritionalvalueofricealmostequalsthatofthepotato.However,itcanbestoredatroomtemperatureforlonger.

Goingtocollegeisnottherightchoiceforeveryone,northeonlyoptionatall.

Onlytwoelementsofhydrocarboncanformthousandscompounds.Thereasonisthattheirmoleculescanbeconnectedindifferentways.

Allofthesearetourgestudentstostudyindependentlyandindustriouslylearnhowtousetheuniversityresources.

Underthecircumstanceofloweconomiclevel,itwouldincreasethepressureoffoodprovisionandemploymentopportunities.

15.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問題2選項

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

問題3選項

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問題4選項

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘這篇文章回答了下列哪個問題?’根據(jù)第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會問：它是怎樣到達(dá)樹頂?shù)哪?？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚壓力理論解答了“水移動到樹頂端的原因?！贝_定C選項“水如何到達(dá)樹的頂端”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一段中提到的第一個實驗證明了什么?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實驗表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動到相當(dāng)高的高度?！贝_定B選項“植物的莖的細(xì)胞不能抽水”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘植物學(xué)家是如何知道根壓并不是推動植物水分流動的唯一力量的?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根壓完全不足以將水推到樹頂。此外，作為最高樹木之一的針葉樹，其根壓也低得異乎尋常?！贝_定A選項“一些非常高的樹木有微弱的壓力”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘這篇文章支持下列哪個陳述?’根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根據(jù)目前為人們所接受的內(nèi)聚壓力的理論，水是被拉到上面去的。”確定D選項“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變他們有關(guān)水在植物中移動的理論”正確；也由此知A選項“水是被推到樹的頂端的”和C選項“大氣壓力把水吸到高大樹木的頂端”不正確，排除；根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實驗表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動到相當(dāng)高的高度。”確定B選項“植物學(xué)家己經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞能充當(dāng)泵”不正確。

16.單選題

AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.

The286NationalResearchCouncil(NRC)reportsaysthattocontinueonthepresentcourseunderbudgetsthatdon’tkeeppacewithinflation“istoinvitefailure,disillusionment,andthelossofthelongstandinginternationalperceptionthathumanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest.”

Amajorargumentagainstreturningtothemoonwasthatitdidn’tpencilout一thattherewasn’tnearlyenoughmoneydedicatedtotheprogram.IfthegoalisahumanlandingonMars,t