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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused.ItsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionalobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin…slices".

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmaxonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradioopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureof'tissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween()

.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore()

.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT()

.

問題1選項

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項

A.Two-dimensional.

B.Three-dimensional.

C.Animated.

D.Intensified.

問題3選項

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項

A.Cautious.

B.Tolerant.

C.Enthusiastic.

D.Critical.

問題5選項

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第三段的第一句“ConventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair...”可知,選項A正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.”可知,選項B符合原文。

第3題:通讀全文可知,計算機斷層掃描相對于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說,能夠顯示三維物體所包含的所有信息,能夠清楚地看到更深層次的組織,以及通過物質(zhì)的密度進行定位,這些都說明計算機斷層掃描相對于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說更加信息化。只有選項D符合原文。

第4題:通讀全文可知,作者對這項新技術(shù)的態(tài)度是積極的,看好的。選項A謹(jǐn)慎的;選項B寬容的;選項D批評的,都不符合原文。所以選項C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)原文可知,計算機斷層掃描可以監(jiān)測患者的疾?。豢梢栽\斷疾??;可以定位腫瘤,但不能重建受損組織。所以選D。

2.單選題

Theheavilypopulatedareawasabreedingplacefor()diseases.

問題1選項

A.infectious

B.powerful

C.influential

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】infectious傳染的;powerful強大的;influential有影響力的;suspicious可疑的。句意:人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病的滋生地。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Theexamination(

)veryeasyifallstudentspassed.

問題1選項

A.musthavebeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.oughttobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。A選項“肯定”;B選項“過去完成時”;C選項“過去”;D選項“應(yīng)該”。句意:試卷()很容易如果所有學(xué)生都通過了。musthavedone表示對過去的肯定的推測,答案選A。后面的從句是過去時態(tài),所以不能選D,D是一般現(xiàn)在時。

4.單選題

Climateandweatheraffectevery()ofourlives.

問題1選項

A.factor

B.respect

C.aspect

D.part

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項factor“因素;要素”;B選項respect“尊重;方面”,C選項aspect“方面;方向”,D選項part“部分;角色”;原句:氣候和天氣會影響我們生活的方方面面,固定搭配只能用aspect表示,因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Theconferencechairmanmadea(

)statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessoftheafternoonsession.

問題1選項

A.interesting

B.renewable

C.reversible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。interesting“有趣的”;renewable“可再生的”;reversible“可逆的,可撤銷的”;preliminary“初步的,開始的”。句意:在開始下午的主要議程之前,會議主席致了開幕詞。選項D符合題意。

6.翻譯題

中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比,它先天有些不足,后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng),但是它成長的步伐卻是堅實而有力的。它在國際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館,它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各

種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館,它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階

段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用,但是,它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了

被動的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里,觀眾可以自己去動手操作,

自己細心體察。這樣,他們可以去貼近先進的科學(xué)技術(shù),去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。

中國科技館正是這樣的博物館!它汲取了國際上一些著名博物館的長處,設(shè)計制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品,展示了科學(xué)的原理和現(xiàn)今的科技成果。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationmuseumsofsciencesarethosedevotedtonaturalhistory,whichdemonstratetheevolutionarychangesoftheearthandorganismsthroughfossilsandspecimens.Thesecondonesaremuseumsofindustrialtechnologyexhibitingachievementsgeneratedintheindustrialage.Thesetwokindsofmuseums,thoughdisseminatetheknowledge,regardtheirvisitorsaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationmuseumsarefilledwithnewconcepts.Here,visitorscanoperatebythemselves,whichenablesthemtounderstandadvancedtechnologiesbetterandhelpthemprobeintothewondersofscienceandtechnology.

7.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.

B.Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.

C.Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople’slives.

D.Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.

問題2選項

A.Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.

B.Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.

C.Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.

D.Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.

問題3選項

A.Theraisingofpeople’sawareness.

B.Thesigningofaglobalagreement.

C.Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.

D.Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.

問題4選項

A.Planwellinadvance.

B.Adoptnewtechnology.

C.Carryoutmoreresearchonit.

D.Cutdownenergyconsumption.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationOne

W:ProfessorHenderson,couldyougiveusabriefoverviewofwhatyoudo,whereyouworkandyourmainareaofresearch?

M:[1]Well,theCenterforClimateResearchwhereIworklinksthescienceofclimatechangetoissuesaroundeconomicsandpolicy.Someofourresearchistodowiththelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeandalloftheassociatedrisks.

W:Andhowstrongistheevidencethatclimatechangeishappeningthatisreallysomethingweneedtobeworriedabout?

M:Well,mostofthescienceofclimatechange,particularlythattodowithglobalwarming,issimplyfact.Butotheraspectsofthesciencearelesscertain,oratleastmoredisputed.Andsowearereallytalkingaboutrisk,[2]Whattheeconomicstellsusisthatit’sprobablycheapertoavoidclimatechangetoavoidtheriskthanitistodealwiththelikelyconsequences.

W:Sowhatarewedoing?Whatcanwedoaboutit?

M:Well,Iwouldarguethatweneedtodevelopthesciencespecificallytounderstandthelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeindifferentcontexts.AsIsaid,weneedtounderstandthebestwaysofavoidingclimatechange.[3]Andthiswillinvolveahugetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.Andthetransitionisatremendouspriority.Andforthistohappen,wemayneedactiononaglobalscale.Fromapoliticalperspective,weneedtounderstandthetermsonwhichmajorcountrieslikeChinaandtheUSAmightsignuptoaglobalagreementbecauseatthemomentwedon’thavethatconsensus.

W:Right…

M:[4]Andwealsoneedtoplanaheadsothatwe’reinapositiontodealwiththelikelylevelsofclimatechangewhicharealreadyinevitable,andevenmoresotooforthelevelsthatarelikelyifwedon’tgetthoseglobalagreements.

1.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayabouthismainareaofresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于他的主要研究領(lǐng)域,亨德森教授說了些什么?對話開頭,女士開門見山地問亨德森教授其主要的研究領(lǐng)域是什么。亨德森教授回答說他在氣候研究中心工作,該中心主要是把一些有關(guān)經(jīng)濟和政策的問題與氣候變化這門科學(xué)聯(lián)系起來。B選項“它將氣候變化的科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟和政策問題聯(lián)系起來”與錄音原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項“它著重于各國應(yīng)對全球變暖所能做出的努力”,錄音最后只是提到亨德森教授希望主要國家能簽署全球協(xié)議,但沒有提到他的研究致力于讓所有國家一起應(yīng)對全球變暖,因此A選項可排除;C選項“研究全球氣候變化對人們生活的影響”,錄音提到這只是他們的部分研究,并不是主要研究范圍,因此C選項不正確;D選項“預(yù)測全球氣候變化可能發(fā)生的趨勢”在錄音中沒有提及。

2.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayaboutclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于氣候變化,亨德森教授說了什么?錄音中,亨德森教授提到,經(jīng)濟學(xué)告訴我們:比起應(yīng)對氣候變化可能帶來的最終后果,我們預(yù)防氣候變化所花的代價要更少。A選項“處理氣候變化的后果將比避免氣候變化的代價更大”與錄音原文表述一致,因此正確。B選項“需要很長時間才能就其影響達成共識”,錄音只是提到主要國家在如何共同應(yīng)對氣候變化的方面還沒有達成共識,并沒有提及達成共識仍需一段時間,因此排除B選項;C選項“對于所有國家來說,氣候變化是最緊迫的一個議題”在錄音中沒有信息提及;D選項“氣候變化肯定會在各國之間帶來無窮的爭議”利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的disputed一詞作干擾,亨德森教授說的是在氣候變化這門科學(xué)上,除全球變暖外,其他方面還存在爭議,并不是說會在各國之間帶來爭議,因此D選項不正確。

3.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayisatoppriorityincombatingclimatechange?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問亨德森教授認(rèn)為應(yīng)對氣候變化的首要任務(wù)是什么?錄音提到,亨德森教授認(rèn)為我們需了解避免氣候變化的最佳方法,這涉及向低碳能源系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換的問題,而我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先解決這一問題。因此D選項“向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的過渡”正確。A選項“提高人們的意識”和C選項“世界主要國家之間合作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及;B選項“全球協(xié)議的簽署”在錄音中雖然有所提及,但不是應(yīng)對氣候變化的首要任務(wù),因此B選項可排除。

4.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonadviseustodotobetterdealwithclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為了更好地應(yīng)對氣候變化,亨德森教授建議我們做些什么?錄音最后亨德森教授提到,為應(yīng)對全球變化可能帶來的影響,我們需要提前做好準(zhǔn)備。A選項“提前做好準(zhǔn)備”中的inadvance是錄音中ahead的同義替換,因此正確。B選項“采用新科技”;C選項“開展更多研究”和D選項“降低能耗”在錄音中均未提及,因此可排除。

8.單選題

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which(

)thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

問題1選項

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項amplify“放大,擴大”;B選項certify“證明”;C選項clarify“澄清,闡明”;D選項magnify“贊美,夸大”。

句意:這個文憑很重要,它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s,inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith(

).

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould(

).

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto(

).

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto(

).

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas(

).

問題1選項

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問題2選項

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問題3選項

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問題4選項

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問題5選項

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失,很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略;隨后從幾個方面指出這種策略的缺陷處;最后,作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的;根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項“總結(jié)一個論點”,C選項“對不同的觀點進行比較”和D選項“做出一系列的預(yù)測”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達作者寫作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷,第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實施的策略能夠怎樣?根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國的制造商一直試圖通過削減成本來提高生產(chǎn)率,從而增強其國際競爭力?!贝_定C選項“增加他們的競爭優(yōu)勢”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強競爭力的,故答案選項為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況,所以D選項“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對汽車制造商的研究表明,一個行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒,從而降低了開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力。’可以確定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個問題是,削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新,阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人。’所以B選項“支持前期有關(guān)一個提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干詢問‘作者對大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個詞來描述?’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失,很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略;隨后從幾個方面指出這種策略的缺陷處;最后,作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的;所以B選項“無私的,公正的”正確。

10.單選題

IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.

問題1選項

A.exertions

B.gritties

C.emulations

D.stretches

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項exertion“發(fā)揮;運用;努力”;B選項gritty“堅韌不拔;多沙”;C選項emulation“仿真(效)(技術(shù));模仿(擬);競爭;效法”;D選項stretches“一片;一泓;一段;(連續(xù)的)一段時間;服刑期”。句意:我接納了兩家歐洲俱樂部,每個周末都觀看他們的比賽,把工作時間浪費在閱讀有關(guān)他們的博客上,全身心地投入到他們的苦戰(zhàn)中。travail“艱苦勞動;煎熬,痛苦,艱辛”,B選項與該詞詞意最相近,因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?

3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT(

).

4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto

).

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto(

).

問題1選項

A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.

B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.

C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.

D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.

問題2選項

A.Thefirstparagraph.

B.Thesecondparagraph.

C.Thethirdparagraph.

D.Thelastparagraph.

問題3選項

A.people'scarelessness

B.unawarenessofsafeparking

C.coatleftonthecarseat

D.poorqualityofacarlock

問題4選項

A.parkcarsinquietplaces

B.useagarageandlockit

C.leaveasparecarkeyathome

D.becomeamemberofAA

問題5選項

A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain

B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA

C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft

D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.(雖然有高度職業(yè)犯罪涉及汽車盜竊,幾乎90%的汽車犯罪是由機會主義者干的)可知只有少數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的,因此C選項“大多數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的”說法不正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals(把貴重物品放在顯眼的地方是對罪犯的一種誘惑)可知選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness(我們自己的粗心大意給那些業(yè)余小偷助了一臂之力)可知與A選項“人的粗心”相符;由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking(內(nèi)政部發(fā)現(xiàn),駕車者對安全停車的意識很低)可知與B“未意識到安全停車”相符;由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.(這個研究項目去年采訪了近100名偷車賊,發(fā)現(xiàn)許多偷車賊會翻看一件扔在座位上的外套)可知與C選項“留在汽車座椅上的外套”相符,故排除A、B、C選項,因此選D,汽車鎖的質(zhì)量問題并沒有在文中提及。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.(如果你有一個車庫,使用它并鎖上它——停在車庫里風(fēng)險要小得多)可知B選項“用車庫把它鎖上”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文,可知本文主要分析了英國汽車盜竊案上升的原因:駕駛員的粗心大意;安全停車意識低;將值錢物品放到顯眼處;外套扔在車座上等等,因此選A。

12.單選題

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto().

問題1選項

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。resign“辭職”;reject“拒絕”;retreat“撤退,后退”;replace“代替,替換”。句意:十天前,這個年輕人告知了他的老板他要離職的打算。A項符合題意。

13.單選題

Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass______realizedshehadforgottenherbook.

問題1選項

A.andshe

B.she

C.whenshe

D.thatshe

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.andshe并且她B.she她

C.whenshe當(dāng)她D.thatshe她

【考查點】強調(diào)句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文的notuntil可知,itwasnotuntil…that…是強調(diào)句句型,表示“直到……才”,所以該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項均不是強調(diào)句。

【句意】直到她到了教室才意識到她忘記帶書了。

14.不定項選擇題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomequestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtomakethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,centresofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,intheend,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

4.Whatdoestheword“daunting”inthethirdparagraphmean?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

問題1選項

A.Employmentbecomewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.

問題2選項

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodemmeansoftransportation.

問題3選項

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpreindustrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

問題4選項

A.Shocking

B.Interesting

C.Confusing

D.Stimulating

問題5選項

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第二句Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.(當(dāng)然,現(xiàn)在是時候把一些努力和資源從為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的不切實際的目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)移到幫助許多沒有全職工作的人管理的緊迫的實際任務(wù)上了),可知D選項“一些努力和資源應(yīng)該用來幫助更多的人應(yīng)對失業(yè)問題”正確;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.(17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運動使許多人不得不依靠有償工作謀生,從而剝奪了他們對土地的使用權(quán),從而失去了維持生計的手段),可知A選項“就業(yè)在17和18世紀(jì)變得普遍”錯誤,原文并沒有提到就業(yè)普遍;B選項“失業(yè)仍將是工業(yè)化國家的主要問題”和C選項“工業(yè)時代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束”沒有在文章內(nèi)具體提及。因此D選項符合題意。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife(與此同時,就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位。丈夫出去找工作,把家務(wù)和家庭的無償工作留給妻子,這已成為一種慣例),可知C選項“婦女從家務(wù)勞動中解脫出來”錯誤,原文只是提到就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位,沒有說要讓婦女從家務(wù)中解脫出來;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved...(17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運動使許多人不得不依靠有償工作謀生,從而剝奪了他們對土地的使用權(quán),從而失去了維持生計的手段。然后,工廠系統(tǒng)摧毀了家庭手工業(yè),將工作從人們的家中移走。后來,隨著交通運輸?shù)母纳啤┛梢缘弥狝選項“17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運動”,B選項正確“工廠的發(fā)展”以及D選項“現(xiàn)代交通工具的發(fā)展”在文中都有提到;因此C選項符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.(現(xiàn)在,民意調(diào)查開始顯示出一種不情愿的普遍共識,即無論誰是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?,無論從現(xiàn)在開始發(fā)生什么,高失業(yè)率很可能會持續(xù)下去)可以判斷出A選項“大多數(shù)接受民意調(diào)查的人認(rèn)為失業(yè)問題可能不會在短時間內(nèi)得到解決”正確;B選項“當(dāng)修建新鐵路和工廠時,許多農(nóng)民失去了他們的土地”錯誤,原文并沒有提及;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.(與此同時,就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位。丈夫出去找工作,把家務(wù)和家庭的無償工作留給妻子,這已成為一種慣例)可以得知C選項“在前工業(yè)社會,家務(wù)勞動和社區(qū)服務(wù)主要由婦女進行”錯誤,并不包括社區(qū)服務(wù);根據(jù)第三段第二句Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.(工業(yè)時代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束,它所帶來的一些工作模式的變化可能不得不被逆轉(zhuǎn))可以得知D選項“工業(yè)時代帶來的工作模式的一些變化已經(jīng)被逆轉(zhuǎn)了”錯誤,原文沒有提到已經(jīng)被逆轉(zhuǎn);因此A選項符合題意。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字daunting可以定位到第三段Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.(這似乎是一個令人氣餒的想法,但事實上,它可以為工作提供一個更好的未來)由

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