書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏工業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.Itisextremelyhardtosometimestosayasimplethinglike“Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.”

Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighborhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.

Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgoneintothestorewithmymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttookplace.

Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.

Themanagerheardthenoise,andcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit(罪人).Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.

41.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?

42.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

44.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

45.Thetoneofthearticleexpressestheauthor’s（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.About8yearsold

B.About18yearsold

C.About23yearsold

D.About15yearsold

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthor

B.Themanager

C.Awoman

D.Theauthor’smother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonswasseriouslycriticizedbythemanager.

B.Theauthorwasseverelycriticizedbythemanager.

C.Awomancarelesslyknockedoffthestacksofcartons.

D.Itwastheauthorwhoputthedisplaybacktogether.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ItIsHardertoAdmitOne’sMistake

B.IWasOncetheCulprit

C.IRememberanIncident

D.ACaseofMistakenIdentity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.angertothemanagerforhiswrongaccusation

B.admirationforthemanager’swillingnesstoadmitmistake

C.indignationagainstthewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartons

D.regretforthemistakehemadeinthestore

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】41.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.（我最近有一次經(jīng)歷，一個(gè)人向我承認(rèn)他在15年前犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）由本句開(kāi)始作者開(kāi)始談及15年前發(fā)生的一件事情。隨即我們看到第二段Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime.（我那時(shí)差不多8歲）作者的那段回憶發(fā)生在他8歲的時(shí)候，離現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過(guò)了15年，由此可以推斷出作者現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在23歲左右。故選C，同理可排除ABD選項(xiàng)。

42.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第四段Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)順道經(jīng)過(guò)的女人，她的購(gòu)物車撞倒了一堆紙箱）由此可知，紙箱盒是這個(gè)女人推倒的。A選項(xiàng)“作者”，B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理”，C選項(xiàng)“女人”，D選項(xiàng)“作者的媽媽”，故選C。

43.推理判斷題。定位在第五段Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.（他嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了我并且想讓我賠付每一個(gè)碎了的雞蛋。）因?yàn)樽髡卟攀悄莻€(gè)被嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)的人。所以A選項(xiàng)“那個(gè)打翻一疊紙箱的女人受到經(jīng)理的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“作者受到了經(jīng)理的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”正確。C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)女人不小心把一疊紙箱撞倒了”正確。原文中Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)順道經(jīng)過(guò)的女人，她的購(gòu)物車撞倒了一堆紙箱。）D選項(xiàng)“作者把它們擺放在了展柜上”根據(jù)原文Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.（出于某些原因，我決定由我將它們?cè)贁[放好，于是我開(kāi)始了工作。）BCD選項(xiàng)全部正確，故選A。

44.主旨大意題。文章第一句Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多數(shù)人欽佩另一個(gè)人的一個(gè)品質(zhì)就是愿意承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。）本文開(kāi)始講到了能夠積極地承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤是令人值得欽佩的品質(zhì)。接下來(lái)就主要講述了作者15年前因?yàn)橐粓?chǎng)誤會(huì)而被批評(píng)的故事。A選項(xiàng)“很難承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤”，只是一小部分的陳述，不夠全面。B選項(xiàng)“我曾是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?，以偏概全。C選項(xiàng)“我記得那次的小插曲”定位在最后一句EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（盡管我很快就把這件事忘得一干二凈，但經(jīng)理顯然沒(méi)有。）所以C不正確。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)被誤解的事例”，是對(duì)全文的一個(gè)總的概括，由這個(gè)事例具體展開(kāi)，闡述愿意承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。故選D。

45.推理判斷題。文章的第一段第一句，作者就有指出Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多數(shù)人欽佩另一個(gè)人的一個(gè)品質(zhì)就是愿意承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤。）EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（盡管我很快就把這件事忘得一干二凈，但經(jīng)理顯然沒(méi)有。）隔了15年，那位經(jīng)理再見(jiàn)到作者的時(shí)候還愿意承認(rèn)自己過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤，由此也能夠了解到作者對(duì)他的這種行為是欽佩的，B選項(xiàng)“贊賞經(jīng)理愿意承認(rèn)犯過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)經(jīng)理的錯(cuò)誤指責(zé)感到憤怒”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)撞倒一堆紙箱的女人表示憤慨”，AC選項(xiàng)在文中并未體現(xiàn)，屬于主觀猜測(cè)。D選項(xiàng)“為他在店里犯下的錯(cuò)誤而后悔”，由第一題可知，是經(jīng)理主動(dòng)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，作者并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。故選B。

2.單選題

Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,but（

）ifyouhadspentlesstimeinplayingfootball?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’ttheyhavebeenbetter

B.wouldn’ttheybebetter

C.won’ttheyhavebeenbetter

D.won’ttheybebetter

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用wouldhavedone（been）形式，因此選A。句意：你的考試成績(jī)很令人滿意，但是，如果你少花點(diǎn)時(shí)間踢球的話，成績(jī)不更好嗎？

3.翻譯題

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】盡管我們對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對(duì)此已有不少了解?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會(huì)引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化時(shí)，這種變化常能持久。“學(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對(duì)一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)彈奏一首新的曲子。

4.單選題

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）consent,itcan（）FERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.verify

B.vilify

C.violate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)verify表示“核實(shí)，查證”；B選項(xiàng)vilify表示“誹謗，中傷，輕視”；C選項(xiàng)violate表示“違反，侵犯”；D選項(xiàng)vibrate表示“振動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)，搖擺”。由句意可知，如果學(xué)校在沒(méi)有得到學(xué)生（或家長(zhǎng)）同意的情況下公布學(xué)生的姓名和考試成績(jī)，它就違反了聯(lián)邦法律。因此，violate的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto（）whathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assume

B.consume

C.presume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。assume假定，設(shè)想；consume消費(fèi)，揮霍；presume假定，推測(cè)；resume繼續(xù)，重新開(kāi)始。句意：大病初愈后，他決心繼續(xù)以前所做的以達(dá)到目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

6.翻譯題

AsTechnologyGetsBetter,WillSocietyGetWorse?Imaginethattwopeoplearecarvingasix-footslabofwoodatthesametime.Oneisusingahand-chisel,theother,achainsaw.Ifyouareinterestedinthefutureofthatslab,whomwouldyouwatch?

Thischainsaw/chisellogichasledsometosuggestthattechnologicalevolutionismoreimportanttohumanity’snearfuturethanbiologicalevolution,nowadays,itisnotthebiologicalchiselbutthetechnologicalchainsawthatismostquicklyredefiningwhatitmeanstobehumanThedevicesweusechangethewaywelivemuchfasterthananycontestamonggenes.We’retheblockofwood,evenif,asIwroteinJanuary,sometimeswedon’tevenfullynoticethatwe’rechanging.

1.Assumingthatwereallyareevolvingaswewearorinhabitmoretechnologicalprosthetics—likeever-smarterphones,helpfulglasses,andbrainycars—here’sthebigquestion:Willthattypeofevolutiontakeusindesirabledirections,asweusuallyassumebiologicalevolutiondoes?

Some,liketheWiredfounderKevinKelly,believethattheanswerisaresounding“yes”.Inhisbook“WhatTechnologyWants”.Kellywrites:2.“Technologywantswhatlifewants;Increasingefficiency;Increasingopportunity;Increasingemergence;Increasingcomplexity;Increasingdiversity;Increasingspecialization;Increasingubiquity;Increasingfreedom;Increasingmutualism;Increasingbeauty;Increasingsentience;Increasingstructure;Increasingevolvability.”

Wecantestthe“Increasing”theorybytakingaquicktripupnorth,toanisolatedareasouthoftheHudsonBay.HerelivetheOji-Cree,apeople,numberingaboutthirtythousand,whoinhabitacoldanddesolatelandroughlythesizeofGermany.Formuchofthetwentiethcentury,theOji-Creelivedatatechnologicallevelthatcanbedescribedasrelativelysimple.Asnomads,theylivedintentsduringthesummer,andincabinsduringthewinter.Snowshoes,dogsleds,andcanoeswerethemainmodesoftransportation,usedtotrackandkillfish,rabbits,andmooseforfood.AdoctorwhoworkedwiththeOji-Creeinthenineteen-fortieshasnotedtheabsenceofmentalbreakdownsorsubstanceabusewithinthepopulationobservingthat“thepeoplelivedarugged,rigorouslifewithplentyofexercise.”theOji-Creeinvariablyimpressedforeignerswiththeirvigorandstrength.Anothervisitor,inthenineteen-fifties,wroteoftheir“ingenuity,courage,andself-sacrifice,”nothingthat,intheNorth,“onlythosepreparedtofacehardshipandmakesacrificescouldsurvive.”

TheOji-CreehavebeenincontactwithEuropeansettlersforcenturies,butitwasonlyinthenineteen-sixties,whentrucksbeganmakingthetripnorth,thatnewertechnologiesliketheinternalcombustionengineandelectricityreallybegantoreachtheareas.TheOji-Creeeagerlyembracedthesenewtools.Inourlingo,wemightsaythattheywentthrougharapidevolution,advancingthroughhundredsofyearsoftechnologyinjustafewdecades.

Thegoodnewsisthat,nowadays,theOji-Creenolongerfacethethreatofwinterstarvation,whichregularlykilledpeopleinearliertimes.Theycanmoreeasilyimportandstorethefoodtheyneed,andtheyenjoypleasureslikesweetsandalcohol.Lifehasbecomemorecomfortable.Theconstantlaborofcanoeingorsnowshoeinghasbeeneliminatedbyoutboardenginesandsnowmobiles.Televisionmadeitnorthinthenineteen-eighties,andhasprovedenormouslypopular.

But,inthemain,theOji-Creestoryisnotahappyone.3.Sincethearrivalofnewtechnologies,thepopulationhassufferedamassiveincreaseinmorbidobesity,heartdisease,andType2diabetes.Socialproblemsarerampant;idleness,alcoholism,drugaddiction,andsuicidehavereachedsomeofthehighestlevelsonearth.Diabetes,inparticular,hasbecomesocommon(affectingfortypercentofthepopulation)thatresearcherthinkthatmanychildren,afterexposureinthewomb,arebornwithanincreasedpredispositiontothedisease.Childhoodobesityiswidespread,andten-year-oldssometimesappearmiddle-aged.Recently,theChiefofasmallOji-CreecommunityestimatedthathalfofhisadultpopulationwasaddictedtoOxyContinorotherpainkiller.

Technologyisnottheonlycauseofthesechanges,butscientistshavemadeclearthatitisadrivingfactor.Inprevioustimes,theOji-Creelifestylerequireddailyworkoutsthatrivaledthoseofaprofessionalathlete.“Intheearly20thcentury,”writesoneresearcher,"walkingupto100km/daywasnotuncommon.”Butthosedaysareover,replacedbymoderncomforts.Despitetheintroductionofmodernmedicine,thehealthoutcomesoftheOji-Creehavedeclinedinwaysthatwillnotbeeasytoreverse.TheOji-Creeareliterallybeingkilledbytechnologicaladvances.

TheOji-Creeareanunusualcase.Itcantakeasocietytimetoadjusttonewtechnologies,andthegrouphasalsosufferedothertraumas,likecolonizationandthedestructionofculturalcontinuity.Nonetheless,thestoryoffersanimportantwarningforthehumanrace.Theproblemwithtechnologicalevolutionisthatitisunderourcontroland,unfortunately,wedon’talwaysmakethebestdecisions.

4.Thisisalsotheprincipaldifferencebetweentechnologicalandbiologicalevolution.Biologicalevolutionisdrivenbysurvivalofthefittest,asadaptivetraitsarethosethatmakethesurvivalandreproductionofapopulationmorelikely.Itisn’tperfect,butatleast,inaroughway,itfavorsorganismswhoareadaptedtotheirenvironments.

Technologicalevolutionhasadifferentmotiveforce.Itisself-evolution,anditisthereforedrivenbywhatwewantasopposedtowhatisadaptive.Inamarketeconomy,itisevenmorecomplex:formostofus,ourtechnologicalidentitiesaredeterminedbywhatcompaniesdecidetosellbasedonwhattheybelievewe,asconsumers,willpayfor.Asaspecies,weoftenaren’tmuchdifferentfromtheOji-Cree.Comfort-seekingmissiles,wespendthemosttominimizepainandmaximizepleasure.Whenitcomestotechnologies,wemainlywanttomakethingseasy.Nottobebored.Oh,andmaybetolookabityounger.

Ourwill-to-comfort,combinedwithourtechnologicalpowers,createsastarkpossibility.Ifwe’renotcareful,ourtechnologicalevolutionwilltakeustowardnotasingularitybutasofalarity.That’safuturedefinednotbyanevolutiontowardsuperintelligencebutbytheabsenceofdiscomforts.

Thesofalarity(picturedmemorablyinthefilm“Wall-E”isnotinevitableeither.Buttheprospectofitmakesclearthat,asaspecies,weneedmechanismtokeephumanitynotrack.5.Thetechnologyindustry,whichdoessomuchtodefineus,hasadutytocatertoourmorecompleteselvesratherthanjustournarrowinterests.Ithasboththeopportunityandthemeanstoreachforsomethinghigher.And,asconsumers,weshouldrememberthatourcollectivedemandsdriveourdestinyasaspecies,anddefinetheposthumancondition.

【答案】1.假設(shè)當(dāng)我們用更多的科技手段——比如越來(lái)越智能的手機(jī)，方便的眼鏡和智能汽車——來(lái)彌補(bǔ)自身不足時(shí)，我們確實(shí)也在進(jìn)化，一個(gè)重大問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了：這樣的進(jìn)化能否像生物進(jìn)化那樣，把我們帶向更加美好的未來(lái)？

2.科技想要的就是生活想要的：增進(jìn)效率、機(jī)會(huì)、新事物，增強(qiáng)復(fù)雜性、增進(jìn)多元化、增強(qiáng)專業(yè)度、增進(jìn)普遍化、增強(qiáng)自由度、增強(qiáng)協(xié)作、增添美麗、增強(qiáng)感官能力、增強(qiáng)條理性、增強(qiáng)人的進(jìn)步能力。

3.自新技術(shù)出現(xiàn)以后，這里的人們就飽受肥胖癥、心臟病和第二型糖尿病的折磨。社會(huì)問(wèn)題也蔓延猖獗：失業(yè)率、嗜酒率、吸毒率以及自殺率飆升，有些甚至達(dá)到了世界最高水平。糖尿病變得尤其普遍(影響著40%的人口)，研究者們認(rèn)為許多兒童由于在子宮中就受到影響，生來(lái)就有更嚴(yán)重的糖尿病傾向。

4.這也是技術(shù)與生物進(jìn)化的主要區(qū)別，生物進(jìn)化是以優(yōu)勝劣汰為驅(qū)動(dòng)力的，因?yàn)檫m應(yīng)性特征使生物種群生存和繁殖的可能性更大，它不是完美的，但至少在以一個(gè)大致的方式進(jìn)行，它對(duì)適應(yīng)環(huán)境的生物是有利的。

5.科技產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要，它有責(zé)任來(lái)滿足我們真正的自我，而非我們狹隘的嗜好?？萍籍a(chǎn)業(yè)有機(jī)會(huì)也有能力取得更高的成就。另外，作為消費(fèi)者的我們也應(yīng)該牢記，我們的共同需求推動(dòng)著我們作為人類物種的命運(yùn)，決定著新一代人類的未來(lái)。

7.單選題

ThecareerIhavechosen（）opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isladenwith

B.islackof

C.isburdenedwith

D.isinwantof

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。beladenwith“滿載，充滿”；belackof“缺乏”；beburdenedwith“使重負(fù)”；beinwantof“需要”。句意：我選擇的職業(yè)充滿機(jī)會(huì)，然而也充滿的心碎、絕望和艱辛。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Tomorrowwewill______ourdayofindependence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.favor

B.expose

C.roar

D.celebrate

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)favor“較喜歡，選擇”；B選項(xiàng)expose“（尤指對(duì)令人震驚或故意保密的事實(shí)的）陳述”；C選項(xiàng)roar“叫喊，大聲地說(shuō)”；D選項(xiàng)celebrate“慶祝，慶賀”。句意：明天我們會(huì)______我們的獨(dú)立日。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里表達(dá)的是在獨(dú)立日會(huì)做什么，D選項(xiàng)celebrate“慶祝”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，男人和女人的想法確實(shí)不同，至少在大腦解剖方面是這樣。），可知男女在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，所以D選項(xiàng)“男性大腦和女性大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)不同”正確。A選項(xiàng)“大腦是一個(gè)整體器官”：文章沒(méi)有單獨(dú)提出來(lái)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“智力能力取決于大腦的哪一部分被使用了”，C選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的智力不同”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項(xiàng)新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，僅僅因?yàn)槟信季S方式不同，并不會(huì)影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知男女的智力沒(méi)有不同，也不會(huì)因?yàn)槭褂么竽X方式的不同而產(chǎn)生智力差距，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明……通過(guò)精確定位這些基于性別的智能區(qū)域，這項(xiàng)研究有可能幫助研究癡呆和其他大腦認(rèn)知障礙疾病。），可知這個(gè)對(duì)大腦結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義是可以用來(lái)幫助治療大腦認(rèn)知障礙的疾病，所以A選項(xiàng)“在處理影響思維過(guò)程的疾病時(shí)，有必要了解大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它表明男人和女人是同樣聰明的”和C選項(xiàng)“它表明男人和女人在整體上同樣聰明，但思考方式不同”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他們的研究結(jié)果顯示，總體而言，男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍，而女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍。），這表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一樣，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“許多大腦疾病跟特定性別或其他因素有關(guān)”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來(lái)。），可知灰質(zhì)用來(lái)處理信息，所以B選項(xiàng)“用來(lái)處理信息”正確，A選項(xiàng)“有助于將來(lái)自大腦不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白質(zhì)的功能，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“男人的大腦中沒(méi)有那么多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰質(zhì)更多，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大腦灰質(zhì)的數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化處理的任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)得更好，比如數(shù)學(xué)），用灰質(zhì)思考更多的男性在數(shù)學(xué)方面表現(xiàn)更好，不代表灰質(zhì)數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)的直接關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收來(lái)自大腦分布灰質(zhì)區(qū)域的信息方面表現(xiàn)得更好，這有助于語(yǔ)言技能），這里沒(méi)有表明白質(zhì)和語(yǔ)言能力的直接關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量和語(yǔ)言能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”不符合文章意思，正確。A選項(xiàng)“女性比男性擁有更多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“是用來(lái)把來(lái)自大腦不同部位的信息放在一起”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來(lái)。），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量與整體智力沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項(xiàng)新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，僅僅因?yàn)槟信季S方式不同，并不會(huì)影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知腦白質(zhì)數(shù)量和智力沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（這項(xiàng)研究還揭示了為什么不同類型的頭部損傷對(duì)男性或女性更具災(zāi)難性。），可知頭部受傷對(duì)男女的影響可能不同，所以C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)性別不同，頭部受傷可能有不同的影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“男人和女人有不同的額葉”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性額葉中84%的灰質(zhì)區(qū)域和86%的白質(zhì)區(qū)域與智力活動(dòng)有關(guān)，而男性的額葉中這兩個(gè)區(qū)域的比例分別為45%和零。），這里說(shuō)的是男女額葉在灰質(zhì)與白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的不同，而不是說(shuō)男女額葉本身的不同，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“男性和女性一樣聰明”和D選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)研究將對(duì)其他科學(xué)家有用”：最后一段沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

（）I’llmarryhimallthesame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Washerichorpoor

B.Whetherrichorpoor

C.Wereherichorpoor

D.Beherichorpoor

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題——考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。D選項(xiàng)這是省略whether后的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用了省略should虛擬語(yǔ)氣，省略whether后，句子要倒裝，原句等于whetherhe(should）berichorpoor...，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前時(shí)要用從句謂語(yǔ)原形動(dòng)詞即be，排除A、C項(xiàng)；而B選項(xiàng)省略錯(cuò)誤，邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)生了變化。句意：不管他是窮是富，我都要嫁給他。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Heisstrugglingtomoveonafter___emotionalandhealthproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundleof

B.apartof

C.aseriesof

D.abunchof

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.abundleof一束B.apartof一部分

C.aseriesof一系列的；一連串的D.abunchof一群

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】這里的短語(yǔ)用來(lái)形容“情感和健康問(wèn)題”，C選項(xiàng)aseriesof“一系列的”表示一系列的，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】在經(jīng)歷了一系列情感和健康問(wèn)題后，他正在努力向前看。

12.單選題

Theyear1995washeraldedasthebeginningofthe“NewEconomy.”Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.Itwasn’tthatwedidn’trecognizethatsomethingchanged.Itwasthatwerecognizedthattheoldeconomicslensremainedusefulforlookingatthechangestakingplace.Theeconomicsofthe“NewEconomy”couldbedescribedatahighlevel:Digitaltechnologywouldcauseareductioninthecostofsearchandcommunication.Thiswouldleadtomoresearch,morecommunication,andmoreactivitiesthatgotogetherwithsearchandcommunication.That’sessentiallywhathappened.

Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.Butonceagain,aseconomists,webelievesomesimplerulesapply.Technologicalrevolutionstendtoinvolvesomeimportantactivitybecomingcheap,likethecostofcommunicationorfindinginformation.Machineintelligenceis,initsessence,apredictiontechnology,sotheeconomicshiftwillcenteraroundadropinthecostofprediction.

Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.Thismattersbecausepredictionisaninputtoahostofactivitiesincludingtransportation,agriculture,healthcare,energymanufacturing,andretail.

Whenthecostofanyinputfallssoprecipitously,therearetwootherwell-establishedeconomicimplications.First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.

Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.Forexample,withthetechnologicaladvanceinsemiconductors,thecostofcalculationdroppedsignificantly,soactivitiesforwhicharithmeticwasakeyinputbecamemuchcheaper.Consequently,inphotography,weshiftedfromafilm-oriented,chemistry-basedapproachtoadigital-oriented,arithmetic-basedapproach.

Whenthecostofafoundationalinputplummets,itoftenaffectsthevalueofotherinputs.Thevaluegoesupforcomplementsanddownforsubstitutes.Inthecaseofphotography,thevalueofthehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsassociatedwithdigitalcameraswentupasthecostofarithmeticdroppedbecausedemandincreased—wewantedmoreofthem.Thesecomponentswerecomplementstoarithmetic;theywereusedtogether.Incontrast,thevalueoffilm—relatedchemicalsfell—wewantedlessofthem.

Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecreasebecausemachinepredictionwillprovideacheaperandbettersubstituteforhumanprediction,justasmachinesdidforarithmetic.However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.That’sbecausethevalueofhumanjudgmentskillswillincrease.Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.We’llwantmorehumanjudgment.

Forexample,whenpredictionischeap,diagnosiswillbemorefrequentandconvenient,andthuswe’lldetectmanymoreearly-stage,treatableconditions.Thiswillmeanmoredecisionswillbemadeaboutme