書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東交通學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問題2選項

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問題3選項

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于中小企業(yè)面臨的問題，說話者說了什么？本篇講座在開頭就提到講座的目的是詳細分析中小企業(yè)在適應技術(shù)的快速進步方面所面臨的問題。由此可知，中小企業(yè)面臨的問題來源于技術(shù)的進步，因此D選項正確。A選項“沒有政府的支持，問題不能解決”和B選項“利用現(xiàn)代科技很容易解決”在錄音中均沒有信息涉及；C選項“到目前為止，問題還沒有詳細研究過”，在這次講座中說話者明確分析了中小企業(yè)面臨的三個問題，而且接著展開了對第一個問題的詳細剖析，因此C選項不正確。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于科技行業(yè)，說話者說了什么？說話者在說跟上科技發(fā)展步伐這個問題時提到，科技行業(yè)是競爭激烈的行業(yè)，各公司相互競爭，一年到頭都可能有新產(chǎn)品推出市場。A選項“競爭非常激烈”與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“專注于新產(chǎn)品”；C選項“它要求巨大的投資”和D選項“它對企業(yè)家是有吸引力的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問什么是解決中小企業(yè)問題的可行方案？說話者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企業(yè)，如果相互之間沒有直接的競爭關(guān)系，可嘗試共同分擔技術(shù)的升級成本，而這不失為一種實用的解決方法。因此B選項“互相分攤成本”正確。A選項“與大公司合作”和D選項“信息技術(shù)人員的在職培訓”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“招聘更能勝任工作的員工”在錄音中雖有提及，但這是中小型企業(yè)面臨的第二個問題，并非實際解決中小型企業(yè)問題的方法，因此可排除。

2.單選題

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

問題1選項

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：偵探看著嫌疑犯下了出租車，走進了街角的一家旅館。本句謂語動詞是watchedandsaw，橫線處是非謂語動詞，在這里指“看見他下出租車和進旅館”的整個過程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做（瞬間）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事（全過程）”，C選項getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合題意。因此C選項正確。

3.翻譯題

蚯蚓是一種有益的動物，在地面上它是其他動物的食物。在地下，它為田野和花園制造肥沃的土壤。蚯蚓能挖洞，而洞穴能使土壤疏松，因而使空氣和水更容易地到達植物的根部。這些孔道還有利于土壤的排水。蚯蚓把枯萎的樹葉，草和花瓣拖進洞穴中。當這些植物垃圾腐爛以后，就使土壤更加肥沃。蚯蚓在制造優(yōu)良的土壤方面所起的作用是其他任何動物所比不上的。據(jù)有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，五萬條蚯蚓一年內(nèi)能在一英畝的土地上制造大約十八噸優(yōu)良的土壤。

【答案】Theearthwormisakindofbeneficialworm.Itisthefoodoftheanimalsontheground.Underground,itfertilizesthesoiloffieldandgarden.Earthwormsdigburrowswhichloosenthesoilsoastoairandwatercanmoreeasilyreachtherootsofplants.Theburrowalsofacilitatesoildrainage.Earthwormsdragdeadleaves,grassandpetalsintotheirburrowsandthedecayofthosethingsfertilizethesoil.Itcontributemoreexcellentsurfacesoilthananyanimals.Accordingtorelevantstatistics,withinoneyear,fiftythousandearthwormscanproduceabouteighteentonsoffinesoilononeacreofland.

4.單選題

Hethinksthatmethodisprevalent.

問題1選項

A.advanced

B.common

C.difficult

D.old-fashioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題目中prevalent表示“普遍發(fā)生的；盛行的”；A選項advanced“先進的；高級的”；B選項common為“共同的，常見的，普遍的”；C選項difficult為“困難的，艱難的”；D選項old-fashioned為“老式的，過時的”。因此，正確答案是B項。句意：他認為這個方法很普遍。

5.翻譯題

中國的電影行業(yè)已經(jīng)步入了一個新階段，始于七年前的行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革使國內(nèi)票房以年均3%的驚人速度達到一個新的增長水平，這在世界上也是不多見的。

更多的優(yōu)秀電影展現(xiàn)給了公眾，這自然會吸引越來越多的觀眾走進電影院，也會激發(fā)投資商對該行業(yè)投資的熱情，這的確是個良性循環(huán)。中央政府已經(jīng)采取了新政策，幫助刺激國內(nèi)市場的發(fā)展。隨著國內(nèi)與國際市場密切關(guān)系的建立，國產(chǎn)影片在海外的影響和競爭力一定會越來越大。中國也已經(jīng)承諾，將按照WTO協(xié)議進一步開放娛樂市場。

當前，中國的電影制作人主要是自籌資金，但是新的籌資渠道正在出現(xiàn)。隨著中國金融體制的完善，越來越多的電影電視公司依靠金融機構(gòu)籌集資金，同時以票房收入、版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓以及演員的個人聲望做保障。

【答案】【參考譯文】China’sfilmindustryhasenteredanewstage.Thestructurereformoffilmindustrystartingfromsevenyearsagohasincreasedthedomesticboxofficeastonishinglyinanaverageannualspeedof3%toanewlevelofgrowth,andthisisalsorareintheworld.

Anincreasingnumberofgoodmovieswillnaturallyattractmoreandmoreaudiencesintocinemaandalsostimulatetheinvestors’enthusiasmforinvestinginthisindustry,whichisindeedapositivecircle.Thecentralgovernmenthasadoptedanewpolicytostimulatethedevelopmentofthedomesticmarket.Withtheestablishmentofacloserelationshipbetweenthedomesticandinternationalmarket,theinfluenceandcompetitivenessofdomesticfilmsinoverseaswillcertainlybeincreasing.ChinahasalsopromisedtofurtheropenitsentertainmentmarketinaccordancewiththeWTOagreement.

Atpresent,theChina’sfilmmakersmainlyhavefundsraisedbythemselves,butthenewfinancingchannelsareemerging.WiththeimprovementoftheChinesefinancialsystem,moreandmorefilmandtelevisioncompaniesarerelyingonfinancialinstitutionstoraisefundsandatthesametimeusingtheboxofficeearnings,copyrighttransferandtheactor’spersonalpopularityasguarantees.

6.單選題

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

問題1選項

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語從句。句意：“你認為我應該去聽講座嗎？”她問我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的賓語從句，引導詞用that，A選項that符合題意。B選項whether和C選項if“是否”詞義和前面疑問詞do重復；如果要用D選項when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould（

）herlongeffort.

問題1選項

A.justify

B.estify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】justify證明……是正當?shù)?有理由的，替……辯護；testify作證，證明，證實；rectify改正，精餾，整流；verify核實，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會證明她的長期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項A符合語境。

8.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科學就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對客觀規(guī)律的認識要經(jīng)過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認識方法的不同，以至引起學術(shù)上的爭論。因此，有作為的科學工作者都把反對的意見看作對自己的莫大幫助，把對自己的批評當作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因為，贊同的意見未必正確，反對的意見未必錯誤。退一步說，即使錯誤的反對意見，對自己的科學研究也是很有好處的。

【答案】SectionA

最近，北京嚴重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國官方媒體的強烈批評。據(jù)廣泛報道污染事件的新華社報道，政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護部門公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說，PM2.5對人體健康的危害最大。

與此同時，《人民日報》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國從健康呼吸開始》的社論。注意到中國快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，

社論指出：巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野，但它讓我們更加清楚地認識到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出，危機后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對問題進行系統(tǒng)、科學、有效和強有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

9.單選題

Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.

問題1選項

A.occasionally

B.consistently

C.presently

D.weekly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。occasionally“偶爾”；consistently“一貫地”；presently“不久，一會兒”；weekly“每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因為他上班總是遲到。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（

）theweightofthebuilding.

問題1選項

A.idealize

B.subside

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】句意:建筑物倒塌是因為它的地基不足以支撐整個建筑物的重量。

考查動詞辨析。Idealize使理想化,理想化地描述;subside平息,減弱;initiate開始,發(fā)起;sustain支撐,維持,承擔。由關(guān)鍵詞theweightofthebuilding(建筑物重量)可知D符合句意。

11.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?

問題1選項

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。ingredients材料，成分；elements基礎(chǔ)，原理，元素；components（機器的）組件,部件；compounds（化學類的）合成物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜肴除了配料外其他各方面都像肉？選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

問題1選項

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。alterto表示“更改，改變”；A項enhance“增強”，B項revise“修正，校訂”，C項alternate“交替的，輪流的”，D項modify“修改，修飾”。句意：人們擔心嬰兒的基因會被改變以滿足父母的愿望。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項正確。

13.單選題

Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.

問題1選項

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項raten.比率，率，等級；B選項proportionn.比例，占比，面積；C選項portionn.部分，份數(shù)；D選項percentagen.百分比，百分數(shù)。根據(jù)搭配，proportion...to...表示“（兩者）比例”，因此，B項為正確答案。

14.單選題

Theword“foolish”istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword“（

）".

問題1選項

A.ideological

B.idyllic

C.idiotic

D.idiomatic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ideological“思想的；意識形態(tài)的”；idyllic“安恬的；田園詩般的”；idiotic“白癡的；愚蠢的”；idiomatic“慣用的；符合語言習慣的”。句意：“愚蠢”這個詞用來描述你的行為太溫和了，我更喜歡用“白癡的”這個單詞。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

問題1選項

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:自那次試驗失敗后，他訴諸武力。

resolve:決心，分解;recur:復發(fā)，重視，再發(fā)生;exert:運用，發(fā)揮。resort:求助，訴諸。此句是個強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)是狀語。Resortto訴諸,求助于。故D項符合句意。

16.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問題1選項

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標準，常強調(diào)變化的差異性和職權(quán)等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長度”；quantity“數(shù)量”。句意：這家報紙沒有提到由于火災所造成的損害程度。C項符合題意。

17.單選題

Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareonthelaunchingpad（發(fā)射臺）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanandonlyfromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishingreturns（報酬遞減率）beginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,030.

APh.D.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor—worstofall—inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Andthenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegepaysmuchlessthanthejanitor（看門人）earns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.

1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho______.

2.IfyouareasgiftedasBernardShaworEdison,______.

3.Ph.D.saremostlikelyto

.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thewriteriscriticalof

.

問題1選項

A.willnotbeashametothesociety

B.willbecomeskilledworkers

C.cantakecareofthemselves

D.canmeetthedemandsasasourceofmanpower

問題2選項

A.youcangetahighschooldiplomawithoutdifficulty

B.youwillbesuccessfulinagradeschool

C.youcanbeprofessionallysuccessfulwithoutadiploma

D.theleastyoushoulddoistogetadiploma

問題3選項

A.havedifficultiesgettingproperlyemployed

B.beemployedinthefieldsofcommerceorindustry

C.havetofilloutapplicationformsmonthaftermonthforothers

D.workinschoolsorcollegeswithlowpay

問題4選項

A.BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschools,nordidEdison

B.TherearefarmorePhDsthanthesocietydemands

C.Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyouwillearn

D.Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you’llmakethingsdifficultforthesociety

問題5選項

A.theemployees

B.thePhDs

C.theemployers

D.thesociety

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句提到他們真正的期望是獲得足夠的教育來為社會提供人力（Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety），因此選項D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到高中文憑是必要的，如果沒有的話，除非你是蕭伯納或者愛迪生，如果你是他們，你小學輟學都行（unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool），因為他們就算沒有文憑，也在各自領(lǐng)域中脫穎而出，因此選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第一句話提到美國失業(yè)或未充分就業(yè)的博士人數(shù)比世界上其他國家要多（TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworldbyfar），由此可知選項A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段可知很多博士就業(yè)問題并不是很理想，由此可知選項C表述是錯誤的，符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。無論是雇主、雇員還有博士生本人都是屬于社會中的一員，一系列狀況都是社會發(fā)展導致的，因此作者批判的是這個社會，因此選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

問題1選項

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting?

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項short-term“短期的”；B選項acute“嚴重的，[醫(yī)]急性的；敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；C選項bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充滿仇恨的”；D選項long-lasting“持久的；長期的，持續(xù)時間長的”。句意：我們知道，慢性疼痛會擾亂一個人的生活，導致從曠工到抑郁等一系列問題。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞chronic“慢性的；長期的；習慣性的”，得知D選項正確。

19.單選題

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

問題1選項

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B選項retirefrom“退休；退出；從……退休”；C選項examine“檢查；調(diào)查；檢測；考試”；D選項conquer“戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公眾的目光下成長的困難往往導致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休；令人高興的是，他們有時會在競爭中獲勝。因此B選項正確。

20.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（

）.

問題1選項

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學生或老師可以每隔一段時間就進行一次短途旅行，到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。

考查短語辨析。at...rate以……速度：atintervals不時，每隔一段時間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無此搭配。故選D。

21.單選題

Shedidherwork（

）hermanagerhadinstructed.

問題1選項

A.until

B.when

C.as

D.though

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她照經(jīng)理說的做自己的工作。

連詞辨析。As按照，如同,引導方式狀語,符合句意。until直到,引導時間狀語從句;when當…時候,引導時間狀語從句;though即使,引導讓步狀語從句。

22.單選題

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

問題1選項

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

問題2選項

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

問題3選項

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

問題4選項

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.時間安排不可避免地會帶來壓力，孩子們會因為有足夠的時間而焦慮，尤其是我們是否準備好讓他們應付未來的學業(yè)和社會壓力?！_定D選項‘要使孩子們適應各種壓力是很困難的’符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人認為長時間的工作讓他們很難有足夠的時間和家人在一起?！_定C選項‘四分之三’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段確定TimGill的觀點是當今的孩子們的壓力比之前的大得多，所以C選項符合題意，正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高興地是，已經(jīng)有兆頭顯示有一些父母和學校甚至政治家已經(jīng)意識到這個問題‘確定A選項‘在這個問題上看到一些變化是樂觀的’正確。

23.不定項選擇題

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto（）.

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby（）.

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof（）.

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

問題1選項

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

問題2選項

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

問題3選項

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

問題4選項

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

問題5選項

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.（但是這樣的行為研究并不能區(qū)分為什么睡眠對記憶力有好處的兩種相互矛盾的理論），所以他們對為什么睡眠對記憶力有好處持有不同的觀點，故應選C選項“為什么睡眠對記憶力很有好處”。A選項“夢是如何在課程中被修改的”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“睡眠和清醒的區(qū)別”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“一個好覺的作用”，過于片面，可排除。因此C選項正確。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”，大腦積極運轉(zhuǎn)是眼珠快速轉(zhuǎn)動的主要特征，且在第三、四段又再次說明。選項B“被研究者更快的反應速度”，選項C“復雜的記憶模式”和選項D“前一天事件的重現(xiàn)”都不是眼球快速運動的主要特征。故應選A“強烈活躍的腦電波痕跡”。因此A選項正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followeda