Unit7OriginalThinkerPassageWritingSkills教學(xué)建議：本章重點(diǎn)：有關(guān)創(chuàng)新和抄襲的表達(dá)法。本章難點(diǎn)：抄襲的概念、抄襲的原因及對策。課時安排：精讀4學(xué)時。

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Pre-readingActivities

☆PassageExploration

☆Post-readingActivitiesUnit7

OriginalThinkerPre-readingQuestionsWhatdoesitmeantobeoriginalinthinkingandwriting?Whatisthedifferencebetweenplagiarismandcitation?Whatmakes“anoriginalthinker”?BackgroundInformation☆JudeCarroll☆RobertMcNamara☆OxfordBrookesUniversityJudeCarroll

JudeCarrollwasbornin1949.ShetaughtatasecondarylevelandintechnicalcollegesinAfricaandintheUSbeforemovingtoBritainintheseventies.Whilstraisingchildren,sheworkedinthevoluntarysectorasanadulteducator,thenworkedforeightyearsinatrainingpartnershipintheHealthService.Hereffortstohelpothersruneffectivetraininggroupssparkedaninterestinteachingandlearningissuesandledtothepublicationofthreebooksonante-nataleducation.JudeCarrollIn1990,shebeganworkatOxfordBrookesasastaffdeveloperwithsupportstaff.Inaddition,Judetaughtmodulesoncommunicationskillsandincreasingly,beganworkingwithacademicstaff.ShewasamemberoftheEqualOpportunitiesActionGroupatBrookesfortwoyearsandwassecondedtotheUniversitiesandCollegesStaffDevelopmentAgencyduring1995/96toworkwithHEinstitutionsacrossthesector.SheisaFellowoftheStaffandEducationalDevelopmentAssociation.Herpublications,amongothers,includeHandbookforDeterringPlagiarisminHigherEducation.RobertMcNamaraRobertMcNamarawasborninSanFranciscoin1916anddevelopedlogisticalandstatisticalsystemsforthemilitaryduringWorldWarII.Afterthewar,hewasoneofthe“WhizKids”hiredtorevitalizetheFordMotorCo.,andin1960hebecamethefirstpersonnotintheFordfamilytobenameditspresidents.In1961hewasappointedsecretaryofdefensebyPresidentKennedyandproceededtorevampPentagonoperations.Heresignedin1968tobecomepresidentoftheWorldBank(1968-81).OxfordBrookesUniversityOxfordBrookesisauniversityinOxfordshire,England.IthasbeenjudgedleadingnewuniversityintheUKforthepastsixyearsrunningbyTheTimesGoodUniversityGuide.Despitethesimilarityofnames,itisanentirelyseparateinstitutionfromthebetter-knownOxfordUniversity,withwhichitsharesnoovertrelationship.Brookeshasastudentbodyofaround19,000and,likemostoftheformerpolytechnicsintheUnitedKingdom.However,ittracesitsrootsfurtherbacktoa19th-centuryartschool.ItisnamedafterJohnHenryBrookes,itsheadfrom1928to1956,whowaspersonallyresponsibleformuchofitsdevelopment.OxfordBrookesUniversityBrookeshasbeenoneofthemostsuccessfulofalltheformerpolytechnics,andpridesitselfespeciallyonthequalityofitshistory,modernlanguages,andeconomicsdepartments:inapopularstoryrunbytheBritishmedia,Brookes’shistorydepartmentgainedahigherresearchratinginanassessmentexercisethanOxfordUniversity’s.Brookeshasalsopioneeredtheuseofmodulardegreecourses,allowingexoticcombinationssuchas“BusinessStatisticsandClinicalAromatherapy”,or“EcologyandTelecommunications”,tobestudied.TextStudying☆

Structureofthetext☆Languagepoints

StructureAnalysis

I.[P1-3]HowJudeCarrolltookupthestudyofplagiarism.II.[P4-12]Theproblemofplagiarisminschoolsandhowtopreventit.III.[P13-19]Carroll’spersonalexperienceillustratesthemeaningoforiginality.LanguagePoints

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WordsandExpressions☆

ExplanationofdifficultsentencesWordsandExpressions

feeln.

aninstinctiveaptitude;knack

Examples★Shehasagoodfeelformusic.★KarlMarxhadarealfeelforlanguages.★TheseexercisesaimtogivestudentsafeelforEnglishnumbers.

WordsandExpressions

keepone’shand/eyein…toretainone’sskillbyusingitfromtimetotime,thoughnotasfrequentlyasbefore.Examples★Idon’tfindmuchtimetoplaybilliardsthesedays,butIdotrytokeepmyeyeinattheweekends.★Hestillwritesarticlesoccasionally,justtokeephishandinatthatskill.WordsandExpressions

makeadifferencetohaveaneffectorinfluence;tomatterExamples★Aperson’sappearancemakesadifferenceinhowothersjudgehim.★Ifyoudosoitwillmakeagreatdifference.★Yoursupportwillcertainlymakeadifferenceinourcause.WordsandExpressionsshirkv.toavoiddischarging(work,duty,etc.)Examples★Shenevershirkedherresponsibilities.★Tomwasfiredforshirking.★Adeterminedburglarwillnotshirkfrombreakingawindowtogainentry.WordsandExpressions

pass…offas…torepresentsb.falsely

Examples★Janepassedherselfoffasanexperiencedactress.★Heescapedbypassinghimselfoffasaguard.★Shepassedtheideaoffasherown.WordsandExpressions

virtuallyadv.beinginfactwhatisdescribed,butnotacceptedopenlyorinnameassuch.Examples★Ifyoutravelbyjetplane,TokyoandShanghaiare

virtuallyneighbors.★Thecityvirtuallydisappearedinthetornado.★Tomwasthevirtualheadofthebusiness.WordsandExpressions

ruleouttomake…impossible;toprevent

Examples★Theregulationsruleoutanyoneundertheageofeighteen.★Asuddenstormruledouttheboatrace.★Mary’sdateforthedanceruledoutanybaby-sittingthatevening.WordsandExpressions

smoothout

tomakeasurfacesmoothbyremovingirregularities;toflattensth;toremovedifficulties,etc.,thusmakingasituationeasierforsb.;tomake(sth.)freeoftroubleExamples★Youshouldsmoothoutanyunevennessintheclothbeforeyoucutit.★Ouradvicehelpedthemtosmoothouttheirrelationship.WordsandExpressions

fromtheoff(slang)fromthestartingpointExamples★Heredityhadthrustourrolesonusfromtheoff.WordsandExpressions

bumpinto

toknockoneselfinto(anobject);(informal)tomeet(sb.)bychanceExamples★I’vebumpedintothedooragainandhurtmyknee.★Ibumpedintoanoldfriendintowntoday.WordsandExpressions

outoftheblue/outofabluesky(informal)unexpectedly;withoutwarningExamples★Youmaywanttospendtimewithalong-lostfriendwhodropsinoutofblue.★Herarrivalwasallthemorepleasantforbeingcompletelyoutoftheblue.★HethoughthewasalonebutsuddenlyoutofablueskytherewereIndiansallaroundhim.WordsandExpressionsatalooseend/atlooseends(informal)withoutaregularjob;unoccupiedExamples★Peterspenttwoyearswanderingaboutthecountryatalooseend.★Feelingatlooseendsthatevening,hewenttoamovie.

Explanationofdifficultsentences

P1Africanssaythatnomatterhowlongalogremainsintheriver,itneverbecomesacrocodile.ExplanationCulturalawarenessissodeep-rootedinthemindsofpeoplethatitisbynomeanseasytoremoveculturalprejudice.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P2Herexpertiseinthisfieldwasunplanned.ExplanationHerspecializationinthestudyofplagiarismwasbyaccident.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P2That’smydefaultpositionformostthings.ExplanationItismydisadvantagetohavenosayinmostthings.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P6Inthisstudy,plagiarismmadeonlyaguestappearance.ExplanationPlagiarismwasnotacentraltopicinthisstudy.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P7Academicsoftendon'tmakeitclearwhatstandardstheyexpectintermsofattributionandtransformation.ExplanationProfessorsoftenfailtoexplainunambiguouslytothestudentshowmuchtheycanciteorchangeother’sworks.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P11Butawell-craftedessaythathashadtheroughedgessmoothedoutcouldjustaseasilyhavebeencopied.ExplanationItismostlikelythatawell-writtenessayisproducedbyplagiarizingevenifitreadscoherentandfluent.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P12Thetroubleisthatsilenceimplicitlyendorsesthelegalityofplagiarism.ExplanationTheproblemisthatsilencepotentiallyhelpstosupportorencouragethepracticeofplagiarismandmakeitlegal.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P13ButCarroll'sjourneywouldtaxtheingenuityofacabbie.ExplanationButCarrollexperiencedmoredifficultiesonherwaytosuccessthanaskilledcabdriveronaroughroad.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P14Herfeetgrewitchyongraduation.ExplanationUpongraduationshebecamerestlessandwantedtogoabroad.Explanationofdifficultsentences

P17Startingyouracademiccareeronthewrongsideof40ishardlytherecommendedrouteforgreasypole-climb-ing.ExplanationItischallengingandtoughtoleadanacademiclife.TherearenolessonstodrawfromCarrollforshestartedheracademiccareerwhenshewasevenmorethanfortyyearsold.Unit7

OriginalThinkingQuestionsfordiscussion“Cyber-plagiarism”isthenewtermforstudentcopyingfromonlinewebsitesorpapermills,whichofferthousandsofreportsandtermpapersonalmostanytopic.Doyouhaveanysuggestionstotacklethisproblem?PlagiarismisconsideredaseriousoffenseintheUnitedStatesbutistreatedlessstrictlyinChina.Whatdoyouthinkarethereasons?Unit7

OriginalThinkingAnswersKeyReadingcomprehension★

1.D2.A3.C4.D5.C6.D7.C8.B9.D10.D

Vocabulary★A.1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.B7.D8.D9.B10.D★B.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.C6.C7.A8.D9.B10.ACloze★1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A6.B7.C8.A9.C10.DUnit7

OriginalThinkingAnswersKey

Translation

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

抄襲是指在沒有適當(dāng)說明材料原始出處的情況下，引用別人的觀點(diǎn)、信息、語言或者著作。抄襲行為的根本特點(diǎn)是一種欺騙的成分——試圖將抄襲來的東西妄稱為自己的原創(chuàng)。抄襲與侵害版權(quán)并非完全一回事，違反版權(quán)法才談得上侵害版權(quán)。如大多數(shù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面的術(shù)語一樣，抄襲也是一個現(xiàn)代概念，不大適用于中世紀(jì)以及古代的著作。

Unit7

OriginalThinkingAnswersKey

Translation

B.Translatethefollowingsentencesusingtheexpressionsinthebrackets.

★1.Heputallhisheartintohisresearch;moneymadenodifferencetohim.

★2.Oneshouldnotseehimselfasthesaviorofthewholeteam.★3.Althoughhewasfifty,heoftenpassedhimselfoffasforty.Unit7

OriginalThinkingAnswersKey

★4.ShejoinedasororityshortlyafterherarrivalattheChicagoUniversity,notbecauseshehadalikingforsocialactivities,butbecauseshecouldhavemoreopportunitiesofpracticingEnglish.★5.Alongwiththreecolleagues,ProfessorLiworkeddayandnightinhopesofasolutiontothecrux.

Fastreading

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1.A2.D3.A4.C5.A

Unit7

OriginalThinkingResourcesformoreinformation

★ShelleyAngelil-Carter.StolenLanguage?:plagiarisminwriting.NewYork:Longman.2000.★

AnnLathrop&KathleenFoss.StudentCheatingandPlagiarismintheInternetEra:awake-upcall.Englewood,Colo.:LibrariesUnlimited.2000.

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EricCrump&NickCarbone.WritingOnline:astudent’sguidetotheInternetandworldwideweb.Boston:HoughtonMifflin.1998.★

ThomasMallon.StolenWords:foraysintotheoriginsandravagesofplagiarism.NewYork:Ticknor&Fields.1989.★

MarcelC.LaFollette.StealingintoPrint:fraud,plagiarism,andmisconductinscientificpublishing.Berkeley:UniversityofCarliforniaPress.1992.

MainMenuWritingSkillsWriting:ElectronicMailandMemo

I.ElectronicMail1.PurposeofE-mailThepurposeofE-mailistoprovideaconnectiontodiscussionforumsandcarriesroutine,day-to-daycommunicationaswell.

2.E-mailbenefits

(1)Unlikeconventionalmail,whichcantakedaystotravel,E-mailisfast.(2)Unlikeafaxnetwork,whichneedsshufflingpaper,dialingandahostofothersteps,E-mailisconvenient.

(3)Unlikethetelepnone,E-mailislessintrusi