實用文翻譯1實用文翻譯1翻譯理論與實踐（下）教學內容1.英漢請柬、通知翻譯2.英漢證明、證書翻譯3.英漢廣告翻譯4.英漢旅游景點翻譯5.英漢企事業(yè)簡介翻譯6.英漢合同翻譯7.英漢信用證翻譯8.英漢其他實用文翻譯2翻譯理論與實踐（下）教學內容1.英漢請柬、通知翻譯2第六章.英漢合同翻譯在貿易往來中，合同等法律文件的談判、起草、成文以及翻譯對每一筆交易來說都是必不可缺和至關重要的。作為二十一世紀英語專業(yè)的學生，必須懂得合同等法律文件的基本概念、主要特征、法律效力和翻譯的基本技巧等等。3第六章.英漢合同翻譯在貿易往來中，合同等法律一、合同的基本概念和結構

合同亦稱契約，是具有法律約束力的承諾，表示當事人愿意承擔權利和義務。合同是具有法律約束力的文件，一經簽訂，當事人各方均須嚴格執(zhí)行?！吨腥A人民共和國合同法》第二條規(guī)定：“合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設立、變更、終止民事權利義務關系的協(xié)議。”4一、合同的基本概念和結構4Acontract,inthesimplestdefinition,isapromiseenforceablebylaw.Thepromisemaybetodosomethingortorefrainfromdoingsomething.Themakingofacontractrequiresthemutualassentoftwoormorepersons,oneofthemordinarilymakinganofferandanotheraccepting.Ifoneofthepartiesfailstokeepthepromise,theotherisentitledtolegalrecourseagainsthim.Thelawofcontractshastodowithsuchquestionsaswhetheracontractexists,whatthemeaningofitis,whetheracontracthasbeenbroken,andwhatcompensationisduetheinjuredparty.(TheNewEncyclopediaBritannica,15thedition,publishedbyEncyclopediaBritannica,Inc.1977,Vol.5,P.124)

5Acontract,inthesimples合同的種類雖然繁多，但就其基本結構來說是一致的，一般包括三部分：前言、正文和結尾，也可以稱為約首、正文和約尾。概括起來，合同所涉及的基本內容主要包括以下幾條：1.Thecorporateorpersonalnamesofthecontractpartiesandtheirnationalities,principleplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddresses;合同當事人的名稱或者姓名、國籍、主營業(yè)所或住所；2.Dateandplaceofsignatureofthecontract;合同簽訂的日期、地點；6合同的種類雖然繁多，但就其基本結構來說是一致的，一般3.Typeofthecontractandthekind,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;合同的類型和合同標的種類、范圍；4.Technicalconditions,quality,standard,specificationsandquantitiesofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;合同標的技術條件、質量、標準、規(guī)格、數(shù)量；5.Timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;履行的期限、地點和方式；6.Termsofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalcharge;價格條件、支付金額、支付方式和各種附帶的費用；73.Typeofthecontractandth7.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment;合同能否轉讓或者合同轉讓的條件；8.Compensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract;違反合同的賠償和其他責任；9.Waysforsettlementofdisputesincaseofdisputesarisingfromthecontract;合同發(fā)生爭議時的解決方法；10.Languagestobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness.合同使用的文字及效力。87.Whetherthecontractcould二、合同的基本種類這里主要討論國際商務合同，即所謂的涉外合同。根據(jù)國際貿易商品流通的各種做法，稱為貿易方式。不同的貿易方式就會產生不同的合同，按照貿易方式的性質和內容的不同可以將合同主要分為以下幾大類：9二、合同的基本種類91、銷售或購貨合同2、技術轉讓合同3、合資或合營合同4、補償貿易合同5、國際工程承包合同6、代理協(xié)議7、來料加工合同8、多種貿易方式相結合的合同1010三、合同的語言特征

就其性質而言，合同可以說是一種法律文書，依法訂立的合同一經各方簽字，即具有法律效力，并對合同各方當事人都具有約束力，未經一方同意，合同內容不得隨意變更，否則就算違約。因此，起草、翻譯合同時各方都應慎之又慎，對合同語言必須仔細推敲、反復琢磨，避免因語言模棱兩可而產生歧義。盡管合同用詞難度大，要求十分嚴格，但合同措詞仍有規(guī)律可循。11三、合同的語言特征11一）、詞匯特征合同的用詞造句必須十分準確嚴謹，一般具有準確、簡練、明晰和正式幾大特點。由于用詞不當、合同當事人對文字理解不一所造成的索賠和糾紛案件屢見不鮮。合同翻譯時要特別注意英語中的一詞多義或多種解釋。例如：ThepenaltyshallbedividedbetweenPartyAandPartyBinNewYorkCityandPartyCinNewark,NewJersey.12一）、詞匯特征12簡練對合同也頗為重要。因為合同語言的嚴謹，最好用盡可能少的文字來清楚地闡明意思。要做到言簡意賅，合同起草者和翻譯者必須避免使用或刪除不必要的詞語。例如：Intheeventofasinglearbitratorbeingunabletobeagreeduponbythetwoparties...一旦一個仲裁員不能被雙方同意…13簡練對合同也頗為重要。因為合同語言的嚴謹，最好用盡可

要使合同行文明晰，應力戒含糊其詞和模棱兩可，應注意使用規(guī)范的句子的語序、修飾語要置于靠近所形容的詞的位置等等。例如：在乙方的要求下，甲方同意派遣技術人員幫助乙方安裝設備。AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.14

要使合同行文明晰，應力戒含糊其詞和模棱兩可，應注意1、專業(yè)詞匯

專業(yè)詞匯主要是指在某一學科或特定領域中使用的專門用語。這些專門用語有其特定的含義，并在各自專業(yè)領域中被廣泛使用。如：freeonboard（船上交貨）、billoflading（提單）、shippingmarks（嘜頭）等等。151、專業(yè)詞匯15考慮到合同特定場合的需要，有時合同對一些關鍵術語的定義做出明確的限定和說明，一般可分為擴展性解釋和限縮性解釋兩種。例如：“patent”inthiscontractshallmeanregisteredinventionrights,registeredutilitymodelrights,rightofregisteredindustrialdesignandanytechnicalapplicationslistedintheattachmentherewith“trademark”heremeansregisteredtrademark16考慮到合同特定場合的需要，有時合同對一些關鍵術語的定2、詞語并列

合同中的詞語并列往往分為兩種情況：詞語并列結構和成對同義詞結構。為使國際條約表意準確和規(guī)范嚴謹，合同制定者在行文中大量使用詞語并列結構，用and或or把兩個或多個短語并列起來。這種并列結構有更強的包容性，同時也更加具有彈性。例如：172、詞語并列17(合同）項下或按照（合同） underorinaccordancewith簽署并寄出 signedanddelivered按總體或部分來講 inwholeorinpartmakeamendmentstoandrevisionof 修改fulfillorperform 履行transferableorassignable 轉讓18(合同）項下或按照（合同） 18Itistheintentofthepartiesthatalldocumentsandannexesformingparthereofshallbereadandtakentogetherandthateachandeveryprovisionorstipulationhereofbegivenfullforce,effectandapplicability.However,intheeventthatoneormoreprovisionsorstipulationshereinbedeclarednullandvoidbythecourts,orotherwiserenderedineffective,theremainingprovisionsandstipulationsshallnotbeaffectedthereby.19Itistheintentofthepa3、情態(tài)動詞與所有的法律文件相同，合同在情態(tài)動詞的選用上很慎重。may,must,will,shall,should各司其職，不可混淆。值得注意的是“shall”在合同中并非單純表示將來時，而是用來表示一方應盡的義務，表示強制性責任、履行義務，與中文中“應該”、“必須”的意義相同，所表達的力度比“will”要強。。例如：Thebiddershallbearallcostsassociatedwiththepreparationandsubmissionofitsbid.203、情態(tài)動詞204、縮略詞 另外，縮略詞在合同中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，而且主要為首字母縮略詞和截短詞。國際經貿合同中的價格、支付及保險方式大多以首字母縮略詞形式出現(xiàn)，例如：FOB(FreeonBoard裝運港船上交貨)T/T(TelegraphicTransfer電匯)W.A.(WithAverage水漬險)等等。214、縮略詞21此外，還有一些計量單位及相關名稱則通常以截短詞形式出現(xiàn)，例如：CTN(carton紙箱)PC(piece件、個)No(number號)等等。22225、古英語及特殊用語的使用 英文合同使用了大量的古英語，最為突出的是用here,there,where＋后綴in/after/by等介詞。這類古英語能避免重復，使句子結構緊湊精練。例如：hereafter=afterthistime 今后herein=inthis 因此hereby=bymeansof 特此235、古英語及特殊用語的使用23hereinbefore=inaproceedingpartofthiscontract 在上文hereinafter=laterinthiscontract 在下文thereto=tothat 此外thereupon=then 隨后 whereas 鑒于，在約首用作引出簽約的背景和目的witness 證明，在約首中用作充當首句的謂語hereinafterreferredtoas 以下簡稱24hereinbefore=inaproceeding二）、句法特征 合同作為法律文書，規(guī)定了各方當事人之間的權利和義務，合同文字所表達的意思必須完整、明確、肯定，所以，合同對句子類型的選擇存在明顯的傾向性，陳述句的使用頻率比較高，陳述句用于闡述、解釋、說明、規(guī)定和判斷，語言顯得比較客觀、平實。此外，合同句法的另一個明顯特征是較多使用長句和慣用句型。25二）、句法特征251、多用長句

與普通英語相比，英文合同的句子較長，結構也復雜得多。長句的使用主要是可以準確地界定各方當事人的權利和義務，排除被曲解、誤解或出現(xiàn)歧義的可能性。例如：261、多用長句26Thetenderershouldbeinformedthat,ifhehasdelivered,postedordispatchedhistenderpriortotheformalsubmissiondatehehastherighttomodifyormakecorrectionstoit,providedthatanysuchmodificationsorcorrectionsarereceivedbytheemployer/engineerinwritingpriortothetimespecifiedforsubmissionoftenders.Theoriginaltenderthusmodifiedorcorrectedwouldthenbeconsideredastheofficialtender.27Thetenderershouldbei又如：Thepricesstatedarebasedoncurrentfreightrates,anyincreaseordecreaseinfreightratesattimeofshipmentistobethebenefitofthebuyer,withthesellerassumingthepaymentofalltransportationchargestothepointorplaceofdelivery.28282、慣用句型

英文合同中有不少套語或慣用句型結構，這些用法是在長期的貿易實踐中逐漸形成的，并被普遍接受和使用。此類套語或慣用句型主要出現(xiàn)在合同的前言、結尾、保險、支付以及檢驗、索賠、仲裁等一般性的條款中。例如：292、慣用句型29（1）Theundersignedbuyerandsellerhaveconfirmed…inaccordancewiththefollowingtermsandconditions.（2）PartyAhasagreedthatPartyBshall…underthefollowingtermsandconditions.（3）Inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollow.（4）TheexpirydateoftheL/Cistobethe15thdayafterthedateofshipment.（5）TheL/Cshallremainvaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.30（1）Theundersignedbuyerands四、合同翻譯原則目前，我國涉外經濟交往中所采用的合同大多為英文本，而英文合同對語言有嚴格的要求，因此，把握合同語言的特殊性，這是準確理解、翻譯合同的關鍵所在。合同作為一種具有法律約束力的契約文體，其文本強調用語正式、措詞準確、結構嚴謹、格式規(guī)范等特點。翻譯合同、標書等此類文體的具體標準通常有三個方面：31四、合同翻譯原則311、術語準確，譯文完整

合同文本有自己的一整套術語，有其獨特性，應避免簡單的字面翻譯。例如：“accept”一般譯為“接受”、“認可”就可以了，但在涉外合同中，這個詞可能要譯成“承兌”。從4月1日起到10月20日止這一期間內交貨，但以買方信用證在3月20日前到達賣方為限。ShipmentduringtheperiodbeginningonApril1andendingonOct.20,bothdateinclusive,subjecttoBuyer’sLetterofCreditreachingSelleronorbeforeMar.20.321、術語準確，譯文完整322、譯文通順，條理清楚

通順是翻譯的一項基本要求，合同的翻譯也不例外。合同譯文的通順著重體現(xiàn)在“條理清楚”上，特別是在處理長句、復雜句時更是如此。例如：One-thirdofthetotalamountshallbepaidwiththeorderwhentheContractissigned,onethirdbydocumentarybillswhenshipmentiseffected,andthebalancebycleanbillswhenthegoodshavearrived.合同簽訂時先預付貨款總額的三分之一，裝船后憑跟單匯票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在貨物抵達時憑光票一次性付清。332、譯文通順，條理清楚333、符合契約文體特點與其他商務文本相比，合同文本屬于正式程度最高的契約文體。所以，翻譯合同時所使用的語言應盡量體現(xiàn)出契約文體的這一特點。選詞要正式、所采用的句式也應符合譯入語合同的句式特點、還要注意譯入語合同的格式特點。例如：“因為”一般用短語“byvirtueof”來翻譯，而很少用“becauseof”；“在……之前”一般用“priorto”，而不用“before”等等。343、符合契約文體特點34再如：本合同于2006年5月30日在中國上海簽訂，一式兩份，每份用英文和中文寫成，兩種文本具有同等效力。譯文1：ThisContractwassignedinShanghai,ChinaonMay30,2006.EachcopywaswritteninEnglishandChinesewithtwocopiesineach,andthetwotextshavethesameeffect.譯文2：ThisContractissignedinShanghai,Chinathis30thdayofMay,2006,induplicateinEnglishandChineselanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic.35再如：35五、合同翻譯實踐例1.購貨合同PURCHASECONTRACTNo.2008－72116Date:June20,2008 SignedatShenzhen,ChinaTheBuyer:UniconCorporation155OceanWingRoad,SanFrancisco,California91002USATheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation237SouthRiversideRoad,Shenzhen,Guangdong518003PRC TheContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:36五、合同翻譯實踐361.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men’spajamasmadeof100percentcottonSize12inwhite,yellow,red,blue,andpurple.TechnicalspecificationsshallbethesameasthesamplessenttotheSellerbytheBuyeronMay20,2008.2.QUANTITY:White,2000;yellow,3000;red,1000;blue,4000;purple,3000.3.UNITPRICE:US$12.80FOBShenzhenpersuit.4.TOTALPRICE:US$166,400.00(Onehundredandsixty-sixthousandfourhundredUSdollarsonly).5.COUNTRYOFORIGIN:ThePeople’sRepublicOfChina6.PACKING:Eachpajamasshallbepackedinawaterproofpolythenebagandtheninacardboardbox,50boxestoawoodencase.TheSellershallbeliableforanydamageandlossattributedtoinadequatepackingbytheSeller.371.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men7.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurfaceofeachpackage,thepackagenumber,measurement,grossweight,netweightandUNICONinatriangleshallbestenciledwithpaint.8.TIMEOFSHIPMENT:October20089.PORTOFSHIPMENT:Shenzhen,PRC.10.PORTOFDESTINATION:SanFrancisco,USA.11.INSURANCE:TobecoveredbytheBuyer.12.PAYMENT:TheBuyershall,uponreceiptfromtheSellerofthenoticeofreadinessforshipment,openanirrevocableletterofcreditwithCitibank,15-20dayspriortothedateofdelivery,infavoroftheSeller,foranamountequivalenttothetotalvalueoftheshipment.TheL/CshallbepayableagainstthepresentationofthedraftandthedocumentsstipulatedinClause13hereofintheopeningbank.TheL/Cshallbevaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.387.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurf13.DOCUMENT:TheSellershallpresentthefollowingdocumentstothepayingbankfornegotiation:1)Onefullsetof“CleanOnBoard”oceanbillsofladingmarked“FreighttoCollect”andmadeouttoorder,blankendorsed;2)Invoiceinquintuplicateindictingcontractnumberandshippingmark;3)Packinglistinquintuplicate;4)CertificateofqualityandquantityinduplicateissuedbythemanufacturersasspecifiedinClause16;5)OnecopyofnotificationtotheBuyer,advisingtheshipmentready.3913.DOCUMENT:TheSellershall14.TERMSOFSHIPMENT:

1)TheSellershall,atleast40daysbeforethedateofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,advisetheBuyerofthecontractnumber,commodity,quantity,value,numberofpackages,grossweight,measurement,anddateofreadinessattheportofshipmentfortheBuyertobookshippingspace.2)BookingofshippingspaceshallbeattendedtobytheBuyer.3)TheBuyershall,10daysbeforetheexpecteddateofarrivalofthevesselattheloadingport,notifytheSellerofthenameofvessel,expecteddateofloading,contractnumber,fortheSellertoarrangeshipment.Whenitbecomesnecessarytochangethetimetobeadvancedordelayed,theBuyeroritsshippingagentshalladvisetheSellerintime.Shouldthevesselfailtoarriveattheportofloadingwithin30daysofthearrivaldateadvisedbytheBuyer,theBuyershallbearthestorageandinsuranceexpensesincurredfromthe31stday.4)TheSellershallbeliableforanydeadfreightordemurrage,shouldithappentheyhavefailedtohavethecommodityreadyforloadingafterthecarryingvesselhasarrivedattheportofshipmentontime.5)TheSellershallbearallexpenses,risksofcommoditybeforeitpassesoverthevessel’srailandisreleasedfromthetackle.Afterithaspassedoverthevessel’srailandbeenreleasedfromthetackle,allexpenses,risksofcommodityshallbefortheBuyer’saccount.4014.TERMSOFSHIPMENT:4015.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSellershall,immediatelyuponthecompletionofloadingthecommodity,notifytheBuyerthecontractnumber,nameofcommodity,quantity,grossweight,invoicevalue,nameofcarryingvesselanddateofsailing.IncasetheBuyerfailstoarrangeinsuranceontimeduetotheinformationnotbeinggivenintimebytheSeller,ortothenotificationincomplete,alllossesshallbebornebytheSeller.16.GUARANTEEOFQUALITY:TheSellershallguaranteethatthecommodityisentirelyinconformitywithwhathasbeenstipulatedintheContractwithregardtoitsqualityspecifications.Theguaranteeperiodshallbe3monthscountedfromthedateonwhichthecommodityarrivesattheportofdestination.4115.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSelle17.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM:

1)TheSellershall,beforedelivery,makeapreciseandcomprehensiveinspectionofthegoodswithregardtoitsquality,specifications,andquantityandhavetheChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureauissueinspectioncertificatescertifyingthetechnicaldateandtheconclusionoftheinspection.2)AfterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestinationtheBuyershallhavetherighttoinviteanauthoritativesurveyortomakeafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantityofthegoods.Ifdamagesofthegoodsarefound,orthespecificationand/orquantityarenotinconformitywiththestipulationsintheContract,exceptwhentheresponsibilitiesliewiththeinsurerorthecarrier,theBuyershall,within90daysafterarrivedofthegoodsattheportofdestination,claimagainsttheSellerorrejectthegoods.3)TheclaimsmentionedaboveshallberegardedasbeingacceptediftheSellerfailstoreplywithin30daysaftertheSellerreceivestheBuyer’sclaim.4217.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM:4218.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoforcemajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.TheSellershalladvisetheBuyerimmediatelyoftheoccurrencementionedaboveandwithin15daysthereaftertheSellershallsendanoticebyairmailtotheBuyerfortheiracceptanceofacertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesunderwhosejurisdictiontheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof.UndersuchcircumstancestheSeller,however,isstillundertheobligationtotakeallnecessarymeasurestohastenthedeliveryofthegoods.Incasetheaccidentlastsformorethan10weeks,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract.4318.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSeller19.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:ShouldtheSellerfailtomakedeliveryontimeasstipulatedintheContract,withtheexceptionofforcemajeurecausesspecifiedinClause18oftheContract,theBuyershallagreetopostponethedeliveryontheconditionthattheSelleragreestopayapenaltywhichshallbedeductedbythepayingbankfromthepaymentundernegotiation.Therateofnegotiationischargedat0.5percentforeverysevendays,odddayslessthansevendaysshouldbecountedassevendays.Butthepenalty,however,shallnotexceed5percentofthetotalvalueofthegoods,involvedinthedelayeddelivery.IncasetheSellerfailstomakedeliverytenweekslaterthanthetimeofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract,andtheSeller,inspiteofthecancellation,shallneverthelesspaytheaforesaidpenaltytothebuyerwithoutdelay.4419.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:20.ARBITRATION:AlldisputesarisingfromtheexecutionoforinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledamicablythroughfriendlynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedtotheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChineseCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitrationinaccordancewithitsrulesofprocedure.Thearbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Arbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingparty.4520.ARBITRATION:Alldisputes21.CONDITIONSOFSALES:

1)ItisstrictlyunderstoodthattheSellercannotbeheldresponsiblefornon-deliveryordelayeddeliveryofthegoodsorderedifthesituationiscausedbyforcemajeure,war,rebellion,fire,strike,newleviesimposedbygovernment,inabilityof,orrefusalbythemanufacturerstofulfilltheContractoranyothercausesbeyondtheSeller’scontrol.2)TheSellerreservestherighttocanceltheContractatanytimeiftheBuyermakesdefaultinpayment(orindelivery)orcommitabreachofanyclausehereof.3)TheSellerreservestherighttotheContractatanytimeiftheSellercannotmakethedeliveryascalledforunderthetermshereofbyreasonofcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol.4)Anyadditionalexpensesincurredastheresultofwar,civilcommotion,interruptionofnormaltransport,boycott,governmentaction,etc.,and/oranyothercircumstancesasarebeyondtheSeller’scontroland/orforesight,shallbefortheBuyer’saccount.4621.CONDITIONSOFSALES:4622.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION:TheContractismadeoutinbothChineseandEnglish,twooriginalsforeachlanguage.Eachlanguageislegallyofequaleffect.EachpartykeepsoneChineseversionandoneEnglishversionaftersigningtheContract. TheBuyer:UniconCorporation MarlinFelton,president TheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation LuGang,President4722.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION:T例2.招標書國際招標投標是貨物、工程或服務市場交易方式之一，現(xiàn)在許多國際機構、國家政府規(guī)定，凡由其提供貸款或資金，金額達到一定數(shù)額的大宗交易、大型工程或成套服務項目必須通過公開招標、投標來確定供貨者、承建者或服務商。國際招標投標已成為國際貿易的主要方式之一。按照國際慣例，與招標投標活動有關的文件、資料均須用英文編制，即使允許用非英語編寫，也應備有英文版本。48例2.招標書48ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationInvitationforBidsBidNo.0707CMCJ-0161332InaccordancewiththeloanAgreementconcludedbetweentheMinistryofFinanceofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandJapanBankforInternationalCooperationforYingkouWaterSupplyProject,ChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationisauthorizedtopurchasethroughinternationalcompetitivebidding(ICB)thegoodslistedbellow.Allthepurchaseshouldbefinancedthroughtheloanarrangementmentionedabove.49ChinaNationalMachineryImListofEquipment:Valves(quantity:…specifications:…)Sealedbidsareinvitedfrombiddersregisteredinandcontrolledbyeligiblesourcecountries,whichrefertoallcountiesandregionsaccordingtothestipulationoftheLoanAgreement.Generaltermsandconditionstogetherwithqualificationrequirementsaresetoutinabook,whichisobtainedfromChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationbetween9:00and11:00a.m.(Beijingtime)fromNovember11toNovember17,2007(exceptSaturdayandSunday)againstnon-refundablepaymentof(amountofmoneyinfigures).50ListofEquipment:50AllbidsaretobevalidlyreceivedbyChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationbefore10:00onthespecificopeningdateattheaddressbelow.Bidswillbeopenedat10:30a.m.December18,2007(Beijingtime).Anyoffersubmittedaftertheclosingdateofbidorwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeabovetermswillnotbeaccepted.ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationAddress:Tel:Fax:PostCode:51Allbidsaretobevalidly參考譯文：招標編號：0707CMCJ-0161332中國機械進出口總公司投資邀請根據(jù)中華人民共和國財政部與日本國際合作銀行就營口市供水工程簽訂的《貸款協(xié)議》，中國機械進出口總公司受權通過國際競爭性投標購買下列貨物。本招標采購合同將由上述貸款予以支付。采購設備清單如下：閥門（貨物數(shù)量：規(guī)格…簡述）中國機械進出口總公司誠邀所有在符合《貸款協(xié)議》之規(guī)定的合格貨源國和地區(qū)登記注冊并受其管轄的投標商密封投標。52參考譯文：52招標合同的一般條款及投標資格要求在標書中已列明，標書可在2007年11月11日起至11月17日（星期六和星期日除外）止的每天上午的9點到11點（北京時間）以（金額……）從中國機械進出口公司處購買，售后不退。所有投標書須于規(guī)定的開標日當天上午10點之前送達位于下列地址的中國機械進出口總公司并被有效接受。所有投標書將于北京時間2007年12月18日10:30被啟封。投標截止日期后提交的標書或不符合上述規(guī)定的標書恕不接受。中國機械進出口總公司地址：電話：傳真：郵政編碼：53招標合同的一般條款及投標資格要求在標書中已列明，標書例3.代理合約香港勇盛電器廠有限公司（下稱制造商）和溫州風暴電器有限公司（下稱代理商）已于今日二〇〇七年十二月二十日簽訂營業(yè)代理合約，條件如下：1.代理商擔任廠商在溫州銷售本合約規(guī)定的產品的獨家代理。2.本合約涉及的產品如下：電視機、卡式收錄音機、洗衣機、電冰箱、真空吸塵機、電飯煲和其他各種家庭電器。3.制造商須提供代理商有上述產品價目表，全用CIF溫州的價格。在上述地區(qū)內廠商產品的一切銷售上，代理商可得百分之八的傭金，即使廠商直接銷售由其他任何人或商行銷售運到上述地區(qū)的該廠商產品，情況也一樣。

54例3.代理合約544.代理商必須存有廠商產品以便在上述地區(qū)內銷售，并可決定它們的轉賣價格。5.代理商只受權在那些地區(qū)內為廠商產品招攬訂單以及推銷其產品。6.本合約將保持有效直至任何一方至少提前九十天用掛號空郵向另一方發(fā)出書面通知終止合約為止。勇盛電器廠有限公司風暴電器有限公司554.代理商必須存有廠商產品以便在上述地區(qū)內銷售，并可參考譯文：AgencyContractYONGSHENGWORKSINC,HONGKONG(hereinaftercalledManufacturer)andBRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.,LTD.,WENZHOU(hereinafterreferredtoasAgent)haveonthis20thofDecember,2007enteredintoasalesagencycontractunderthetermsandconditionsstatedbelow:1.AgentshallactasthesoleandexclusiveagentinWenzhouforManufacturerforthesaleoftheproductshereinspecified.56參考譯文：562.Theproductscoveredbythiscontractare:televisionsets,cassetteradiorecorders,washingmachines,refrigerators,vacuumcleaners,electricricecookersandmanyotherhomeelectricappliances.3.ManufacturershallfurnishAgentwiththepricelistsofallofhisproductsstatedabove,allintermsofCIFWenzhou.Acommissionof8percentshallbeofferedonallsalesofManufacturer’sproductswithintheabove-mentionedterritoriesevenincaseswhereManufacturersellsthemdirectlyorwheresuchsalesaremadebyanyotherpersonorfirm,forshipmenttothesaidterritories.572.Theproductscoveredby4.AgentmustcarrystocksofManufacturer’sproductsforsalewithinthesaidterritoriesandmayfixtheresalepricethereof.5.AgentisonlyauthorizedtosolicitordersforManufacturer’sproductsandthesalethereofwithintheterritories.6.Thiscontractshallremaininforceuntilterminatedbyeitherpartybygivingawrittennoticeatleast90daysinadvancetotheotherpartybyregisteredairmail.YONGSHENGWORKSINC.BRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.LTD.

584.Agentmustcarrystocks例4.國際貨物運輸合同ContractofInternationalTransportationofGoods ThisAgreementismadethistwentiethdayofOctober2007betweenTheInternationalTransportationCo.,Ltd.Of9SanchuanRoad,thecityofWeihai,PartyA,andTheFarEastTradingCo.,Ltd.Of12HongweiRoad,thecityofNanhai,PartyB. Witnesses:59例4.國際貨物運輸合同59ThatPartyA,inconsiderationoftheagreementhereaftercontainedofPartyB,contractsandagreeswithPartyB,thathewilldeliver,ingoodandmarketablecondition,toPartyB,duringthemonthofApril,ofnextyear,fivethousandtonsofcoal,inthefollowinglots,andonthefollowingspecifiedterms,viz.:onethousandtonsbytheseventhofApril,onethousandtonsadditionalbythefourteenthofthemonth,onethousandtonsmorebythetwenty-first,andtheentirefivethousandtonstobealldeliveredbythethirtiethofApril.60ThatPartyA,inconsideraAndPartyB,inconsiderationofthepromptfulfillmentofthiscontractbyPartyA,contractsandagreeswithPartyAtopayforsaidcoal120yuan(Renmibi)pertonforeachtonassoonasdelivered. Incaseoffailureofagreementbyeitheroftheparties,itisherebystipulatedandagreedthatthepartysofailingshallpaytotheother600,000yuan(Renmibi)asfixedandsettleddamages. Inwitnesswhereof,thepartiesheretohavecausedthisagreementtobeexecutedinduplicatebytheirdulyauthorizedrepresentative.61AndPartyB,inconsideraPartyA:TheInternationalTransportationCo.,Ltd.MaoXihua LiuXiwen(Manager)PartyB:TheFarEastTradingCo.,Ltd.HanZhongwu WuQun(Manager)62PartyA:TheInternationalTra參考譯文：國際貨物運輸合同 本合同簽訂于2007年10月20日，威海市三川路9號的國際運輸有限公司為甲方，南海市紅衛(wèi)路12號的遠東貿易有限公司為乙方。 茲約定： 考慮到乙方的允諾，甲方特與乙方訂立協(xié)議并同意：由甲方負責，于訂約年之翌年4月份一個月之內向乙方運送質地優(yōu)良、符合行銷標準的煤5000噸，并按下列期限分批交貨。既：到4月7日止交貨1000噸；到4月14日止另交貨1000噸；到4月21日止再交貨1000噸，至4月30日全部5000噸煤必須如數(shù)交訖。63參考譯文：63考慮到甲方承諾對本合同迅速履行，乙方特與甲方訂立協(xié)議并同意：對上述煤每噸支付人民幣120.00元，貨到即付。 訂約雙方任何一方如未能履約，根據(jù)合同規(guī)定并經雙方同意：違約一方應向對方賠償人民幣60萬元，作為商定的損失賠償費。 本契約一式兩份，由雙方授權的代表簽立，特此為證。

甲方:國際運輸有限公司 毛西華（經理） 劉席文 乙方：遠東貿易有限公司 韓中武（經理） 武群64考慮到甲方承諾對本合同迅速履行，乙方特與甲方訂立協(xié)課后作業(yè)：1.Ifthecorrespondentbankisinstructedmerelytoadvisethecredit,itforwardstheprescribedtexttothebeneficiarywithoutengagementonitsownpart.2.Wehaveaddedourconfirmationonthecreditandengagethatdocumentspresentedtousinfullcompliancewiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditwilbedulyhonoured.65課后作業(yè)：653.Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstothesellerbyopeninganirrevocabelL/CforthefullamountofUSD30,000infavoroftheSeller

throughabankatexportpointsothattheSellermaydrawthesuminduetime.66664.IRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDIT

IrrevocableCreditNo.

Date:

Alldraftsdrawnmustbemarked:“DrawnunderCreditNo.

”Messrs.

(Beneficiary)Gentlemen,Youareauthorizedtovalueon

Bank(Bankonwhichtodraw)fortheaccountof(client)uptotheaggregateamountof(currency)bydrawingyourdraftwithin

daysfor%(Percentage)invoicecostofConsularInvoice,accompaniedbyBillsofLadingandCommercialInvoice(evidencingshipmentofthecommodity).BillsofLadingmustbedatednolaterthan_____(date).674.IRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDIAcopyoftheConsularInvoice,CommercialInvoice,andBillofLadingmustbemailedto