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7Chapter
ManagingDataResources7ChapterManagingDataResourcDescribebasicfileorganizationconceptsandtheproblemsofmanagingdataresourcesinatraditionalfileenvironment
Describehowadatabasemanagementsystemorganizesinformationandcomparetheprincipaldatabasemodels
Applyimportantdatabasedesignprinciples
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
OBJECTIVESDescribebasicfileorganizatiEvaluatenewdatabasetrendsIdentifythechallengesposedbydataresourcemanagementandmanagementsolutionsOBJECTIVES(Continued)ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
EvaluatenewdatabasetrendsOBChallenge:FragmentedandisolatedcorporatesystemscreatingasingleintegratedviewofcustomersandoperationsSolution:singleintegratedcorporatedatawarehouse,usingasingledatamodel.Oracle9idatabaseprovidesnearreal-timeaccesstocustomeractivity,customerprofitability,andcustomerreactionsIllustratestheimportanceofmanagingdataresourcesforachievingprofitabilityManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
VirginMobileAustraliaCaseChallenge:FragmentedandisolFileOrganizationTermsandConceptsBit:Smallestunitofdata;binarydigit(0,1)
Byte:GroupofbitsthatrepresentsasinglecharacterField:GroupofwordsoracompletenumberRecord:GroupofrelatedfieldsFile:GroupofrecordsofsametypeORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
FileOrganizationTermsandCoDatabase:Groupofrelatedfiles
Entity:Person,place,thing,eventaboutwhichinformationismaintainedAttribute:DescriptionofaparticularentityKeyfield:Identifierfieldusedtoretrieve,update,sortarecordORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
FileOrganizationTermsandConcepts(Continued)Database:GroupofrelatedfilORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTTheDataHierarchyFigure7-1ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTEntitiesandAttributesFigure7-2ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONProblemswiththeTraditionalFileEnvironment
DataRedundancyandInconsistency:Dataredundancy:ThepresenceofduplicatedatainmultipledatafilessothatthesamedataarestoredinmorethanoneplaceorlocationDatainconsistency:Thesameattributemayhavedifferentvalues.
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ProblemswiththeTraditionalThecouplingofdatastoredinfilesandthespecificprogramsrequiredtoupdateandmaintainthosefilessuchthatchangesinprogramsrequirechangestothedataLackofflexibility:
Atraditionalfilesystemcandeliverroutinescheduledreportsafterextensiveprogrammingefforts,butitcannotdeliverad-hocreportsorrespondtounanticipatedinformationrequirementsinatimelyfashion.
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Program-datadependence:ProblemswiththeTraditionalFileEnvironment(Continued)ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONBecausethereislittlecontrolormanagementofdata,managementwillhavenoknowledgeofwhoisaccessingorevenmakingchangestotheorganization’sdata.Lackofdatasharingandavailability:Informationcannotflowfreelyacrossdifferentfunctionalareasordifferentpartsoftheorganization.Usersfinddifferentvaluesofthesamepieceofinformationintwodifferentsystems,andhencetheymaynotusethesesystemsbecausetheycannottrusttheaccuracyofthedata.
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Poorsecurity:ProblemswiththeTraditionalFileEnvironment(Continued)BecausethereislittlecontrORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTTraditionalFileProcessingFigure7-3ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONDatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS)Softwareforcreatingandmaintainingdatabases
PermitsfirmstorationallymanagedatafortheentirefirmActsasinterfacebetweenapplicationprogramsandphysicaldatafilesSeparateslogicalanddesignviewsofdataSolvesmanyproblemsofthetraditionaldatafileapproachTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DatabaseManagementSystem(DBTheContemporaryDatabaseEnvironmentTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-4ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheContemporaryDatabaseEnviComponentsofDBMS:Datadefinitionlanguage:
SpecifiescontentandstructureofdatabaseanddefineseachdataelementDatamanipulationlanguage:UsedtoprocessdatainadatabaseDatadictionary:StoresdefinitionsofdataelementsanddatacharacteristicsTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ComponentsofDBMS:DatadefinSampleDataDictionaryReportTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-5ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
SampleDataDictionaryReportTTypesofDatabases:RelationalDBMSHierarchicalandnetworkDBMSObject-orienteddatabasesTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TypesofDatabases:RelationalRelationalDBMS:Representsdataastwo-dimensionaltablescalledrelationsRelatesdataacrosstablesbasedoncommondataelementExamples:DB2,Oracle,MSSQLServerTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
RelationalDBMS:RepresentsdaTheRelationalDataModelTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-6ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheRelationalDataModelTHEDThreeBasicOperationsinaRelationalDatabase:
Select:CreatessubsetofrowsthatmeetspecificcriteriaJoin:Combinesrelationaltablestoprovideuserswithinformation
Project:EnablesuserstocreatenewtablescontainingonlyrelevantinformationTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ThreeBasicOperationsinaReTheThreeBasicOperationsofaRelationalDBMSTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-7ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheThreeBasicOperationsofHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSOrganizesdatainatree-likestructureSupportsone-to-manyparent-childrelationshipsPrevalentinlargelegacysystemsTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTHierarchicalDBMS:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
HierarchicalandNetworkDBMSAHierarchicalDatabaseforaHumanResourcesSystemTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-8ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AHierarchicalDatabaseforaHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSDepictsdatalogicallyasmany-to-manyrelationshipsTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTNetworkDBMS:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
HierarchicalandNetworkDBMSTheNetworkDataModelFigure7-9ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
THEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTTheNetworkDataModelFigureHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSOutdatedLessflexiblecomparedtoRDBMSLacksupportforad-hocandEnglishlanguage-likequeriesDisadvantages:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
THEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSObject-orientedDBMS:StoresdataandproceduresasobjectsthatcanberetrievedandsharedautomaticallyObject-relationalDBMS:Providescapabilitiesofbothobject-orientedandrelationalDBMSObject-OrientedDatabases:ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
THEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTObject-orientedDBMS:StoresdConceptualdesign:AbstractmodelofdatabasefromabusinessperspectivePhysicaldesign:DetaileddescriptionofbusinessinformationneedsCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTDesigningDatabases:ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Conceptualdesign:AbstractmoEntity-relationshipdiagram:MethodologyfordocumentingdatabasesillustratingrelationshipsbetweendatabaseentitiesNormalization:ProcessofcreatingsmallstabledatastructuresfromcomplexgroupsofdataCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DesigningDatabases:(Continued)Entity-relationshipdiagram:MAnUnnormalizedRelationforORDERCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-10ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AnUnnormalizedRelationforONormalizedTablesCreatedfromORDERCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-11ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
NormalizedTablesCreatedfromAnEntity-RelationshipDiagramCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-12ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AnEntity-RelationshipDiagramCentralizeddatabase:Usedbysinglecentralprocessorormultipleprocessorsinclient/servernetworkThereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestohavingallcorporatedatainonelocation.Securityishigherincentralenvironments,riskslower.Ifdatademandsarehighlydecentralized,thenadecentralizeddesignislesscostly,andmoreflexible.CREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTDistributingDatabases
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Centralizeddatabase:CREATINGDatabasescanbedecentralizedeitherbypartitioningorbyreplicatingPartitioneddatabase:Databaseisdividedintosegmentsorregions.Forexample,acustomerdatabasecanbedividedintoEasterncustomersandWesterncustomers,andtwoseparatedatabasesmaintainedinthetworegions.CREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTDistributeddatabase:ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DatabasescanbedecentralizedDuplicateddatabase:Thedatabaseiscompletelyduplicatedattwoormorelocations.Theseparatedatabasesaresynchronizedinoffhoursonabatchbasis.Regardlessofwhichmethodischosen,dataadministratorsandbusinessmanagersneedtounderstandhowthedataindifferentdatabaseswillbecoordinatedandhowbusinessprocessesmightbeeffectedbythedecentralization.CREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Duplicateddatabase:ThedataDistributedDatabasesCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-13ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DistributedDatabasesCREATINGEnsuringDataQuality:Corporateandgovernmentdatabaseshaveunexpectedlypoorlevelsofdataquality.Nationalconsumercreditreportingdatabaseshaveerrorratesof20-35%.32%oftherecordsintheFBI’sComputerizedCriminalHistoryfileareinaccurate,incomplete,orambiguous.GartnerGroupestimatesthatconsumerdataincorporatedatabasesdegradesattherateof2%amonth.CREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
EnsuringDataQuality:CorporaThequalityofdecisionmakinginafirmisdirectlyrelatedtothequalityofdatainitsdatabases.DataQualityAudit:StructuredsurveyoftheaccuracyandlevelofcompletenessofthedatainaninformationsystemDataCleansing:Consistsofactivitiesfordetectingandcorrectingdatainadatabaseorfilethatareincorrect,incomplete,improperlyformatted,orredundantCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
EnsuringDataQuality:(Continued)ThequalityofdecisionmakingOnlineAnalyticalProcessing(OLAP):
MultidimensionaldataanalysisSupportsmanipulationandanalysisoflargevolumesofdatafrommultipledimensions/perspectivesDATABASETRENDSMultidimensionalDataAnalysis
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
OnlineAnalyticalProcessing(MultidimensionalDataModelDATABASETRENDSFigure7-14ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
MultidimensionalDataModelDATDatawarehouse:
SupportsreportingandquerytoolsStorescurrentandhistoricaldataConsolidatesdataformanagementanalysisanddecisionmakingDATABASETRENDSDataWarehousingandDataMiningManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Datawarehouse:SupportsreporComponentsofaDataWarehouseDATABASETRENDSFigure7-15ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ComponentsofaDataWarehouseDatamart:SubsetofdatawarehouseContainssummarizedorhighlyfocusedportionofdataforaspecifiedfunctionorgroupofusersDATABASETRENDSDatamining:ToolsforanalyzinglargepoolsofdataFindhiddenpatternsandinferrulestopredicttrendsManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Datamart:SubsetofdatawareBenefitsofDataWarehouses:ImprovedandeasyaccessibilitytoinformationAbilitytomodelandremodelthedataDATABASETRENDSManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
BenefitsofDataWarehouses:ITheWebandHypermediadatabase:
OrganizesdataasnetworkofnodesLinksnodesinpatternspecifiedbyuserSupportstext,graphic,sound,video,andexecutableprogramsDATABASETRENDSDatabasesandtheWebManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheWebandHypermediadatabasAHypermediaDatabaseDATABASETRENDSFigure7-16ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AHypermediaDatabaseDATABASEDatabaseserver:Computerinaclient/serverenvironmentrunsaDBMStoprocessSQLstatementsandperformdatabasemanagementtasks.Applicationserver:
SoftwarehandlingallapplicationoperationsDATABASETRENDSManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DatabasesandtheWebDatabaseserver:DATABASETRENLinkingInternalDatabasestotheWebDATABASETRENDSFigure7-17ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
LinkingInternalDatabasestoManagementOpportunities:MANAGEMENTOPPORTUNITIES,CHALLENGES,ANDSOLUTIONSBusinessfirmshaveexceptionalopportunitiestoexploitmodernrelationaldatabasetechnologiestoimprovedecisionmaking,andtoincreasetheefficiencyoftheirbusinessprocesses.ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ManagementOpportunities:MANAMANAGEMENTOPPORTUNITIES,CHALLENGES,ANDSOLUTIONSManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ManagementChallenges:Organizationalobstaclestoadatabaseenvironment Needforcooperationindevelopingcorporate-wide dataadministrationCost/benefitconsiderations Bringingaboutsignificantchangeinthedatabase environmentofafirmcanbeveryexpensiveand timeconsuming.MANAGEMENTOPPORTUNITIES,CHALSolutionGuidelines:MANAGEMENTOPPORTUNITIES,CHALLENGES,ANDSOLUTIONSThecriticalelementsforcreatingadatabaseenvironmentare:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DataadministrationData-planningandmodelingmethodologyDatabasetechnologyandmanagementUsers
SolutionGuidelines:MANAGEMENKeyOrganizationalElementsintheDatabaseEnvironmentManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
MANAGEMENTOPPORTUNITIES,CHALLENGES,ANDSOLUTIONSFigure7-18KeyOrganizationalElementsin7Chapter
ManagingDataResources7ChapterManagingDataResourcDescribebasicfileorganizationconceptsandtheproblemsofmanagingdataresourcesinatraditionalfileenvironment
Describehowadatabasemanagementsystemorganizesinformationandcomparetheprincipaldatabasemodels
Applyimportantdatabasedesignprinciples
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
OBJECTIVESDescribebasicfileorganizatiEvaluatenewdatabasetrendsIdentifythechallengesposedbydataresourcemanagementandmanagementsolutionsOBJECTIVES(Continued)ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
EvaluatenewdatabasetrendsOBChallenge:FragmentedandisolatedcorporatesystemscreatingasingleintegratedviewofcustomersandoperationsSolution:singleintegratedcorporatedatawarehouse,usingasingledatamodel.Oracle9idatabaseprovidesnearreal-timeaccesstocustomeractivity,customerprofitability,andcustomerreactionsIllustratestheimportanceofmanagingdataresourcesforachievingprofitabilityManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
VirginMobileAustraliaCaseChallenge:FragmentedandisolFileOrganizationTermsandConceptsBit:Smallestunitofdata;binarydigit(0,1)
Byte:GroupofbitsthatrepresentsasinglecharacterField:GroupofwordsoracompletenumberRecord:GroupofrelatedfieldsFile:GroupofrecordsofsametypeORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
FileOrganizationTermsandCoDatabase:Groupofrelatedfiles
Entity:Person,place,thing,eventaboutwhichinformationismaintainedAttribute:DescriptionofaparticularentityKeyfield:Identifierfieldusedtoretrieve,update,sortarecordORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
FileOrganizationTermsandConcepts(Continued)Database:GroupofrelatedfilORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTTheDataHierarchyFigure7-1ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTEntitiesandAttributesFigure7-2ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONProblemswiththeTraditionalFileEnvironment
DataRedundancyandInconsistency:Dataredundancy:ThepresenceofduplicatedatainmultipledatafilessothatthesamedataarestoredinmorethanoneplaceorlocationDatainconsistency:Thesameattributemayhavedifferentvalues.
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ProblemswiththeTraditionalThecouplingofdatastoredinfilesandthespecificprogramsrequiredtoupdateandmaintainthosefilessuchthatchangesinprogramsrequirechangestothedataLackofflexibility:
Atraditionalfilesystemcandeliverroutinescheduledreportsafterextensiveprogrammingefforts,butitcannotdeliverad-hocreportsorrespondtounanticipatedinformationrequirementsinatimelyfashion.
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Program-datadependence:ProblemswiththeTraditionalFileEnvironment(Continued)ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONBecausethereislittlecontrolormanagementofdata,managementwillhavenoknowledgeofwhoisaccessingorevenmakingchangestotheorganization’sdata.Lackofdatasharingandavailability:Informationcannotflowfreelyacrossdifferentfunctionalareasordifferentpartsoftheorganization.Usersfinddifferentvaluesofthesamepieceofinformationintwodifferentsystems,andhencetheymaynotusethesesystemsbecausetheycannottrusttheaccuracyofthedata.
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Poorsecurity:ProblemswiththeTraditionalFileEnvironment(Continued)BecausethereislittlecontrORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONALFILEENVIRONMENTTraditionalFileProcessingFigure7-3ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ORGANIZINGDATAINATRADITIONDatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS)Softwareforcreatingandmaintainingdatabases
PermitsfirmstorationallymanagedatafortheentirefirmActsasinterfacebetweenapplicationprogramsandphysicaldatafilesSeparateslogicalanddesignviewsofdataSolvesmanyproblemsofthetraditionaldatafileapproachTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DatabaseManagementSystem(DBTheContemporaryDatabaseEnvironmentTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-4ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheContemporaryDatabaseEnviComponentsofDBMS:Datadefinitionlanguage:
SpecifiescontentandstructureofdatabaseanddefineseachdataelementDatamanipulationlanguage:UsedtoprocessdatainadatabaseDatadictionary:StoresdefinitionsofdataelementsanddatacharacteristicsTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ComponentsofDBMS:DatadefinSampleDataDictionaryReportTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-5ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
SampleDataDictionaryReportTTypesofDatabases:RelationalDBMSHierarchicalandnetworkDBMSObject-orienteddatabasesTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TypesofDatabases:RelationalRelationalDBMS:Representsdataastwo-dimensionaltablescalledrelationsRelatesdataacrosstablesbasedoncommondataelementExamples:DB2,Oracle,MSSQLServerTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
RelationalDBMS:RepresentsdaTheRelationalDataModelTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-6ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheRelationalDataModelTHEDThreeBasicOperationsinaRelationalDatabase:
Select:CreatessubsetofrowsthatmeetspecificcriteriaJoin:Combinesrelationaltablestoprovideuserswithinformation
Project:EnablesuserstocreatenewtablescontainingonlyrelevantinformationTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
ThreeBasicOperationsinaReTheThreeBasicOperationsofaRelationalDBMSTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-7ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
TheThreeBasicOperationsofHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSOrganizesdatainatree-likestructureSupportsone-to-manyparent-childrelationshipsPrevalentinlargelegacysystemsTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTHierarchicalDBMS:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
HierarchicalandNetworkDBMSAHierarchicalDatabaseforaHumanResourcesSystemTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTFigure7-8ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AHierarchicalDatabaseforaHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSDepictsdatalogicallyasmany-to-manyrelationshipsTHEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTNetworkDBMS:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
HierarchicalandNetworkDBMSTheNetworkDataModelFigure7-9ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
THEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTTheNetworkDataModelFigureHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSOutdatedLessflexiblecomparedtoRDBMSLacksupportforad-hocandEnglishlanguage-likequeriesDisadvantages:
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
THEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTHierarchicalandNetworkDBMSObject-orientedDBMS:StoresdataandproceduresasobjectsthatcanberetrievedandsharedautomaticallyObject-relationalDBMS:Providescapabilitiesofbothobject-orientedandrelationalDBMSObject-OrientedDatabases:ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
THEDATABASEAPPROACHTODATAMANAGEMENTObject-orientedDBMS:StoresdConceptualdesign:AbstractmodelofdatabasefromabusinessperspectivePhysicaldesign:DetaileddescriptionofbusinessinformationneedsCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTDesigningDatabases:ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Conceptualdesign:AbstractmoEntity-relationshipdiagram:MethodologyfordocumentingdatabasesillustratingrelationshipsbetweendatabaseentitiesNormalization:ProcessofcreatingsmallstabledatastructuresfromcomplexgroupsofdataCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
DesigningDatabases:(Continued)Entity-relationshipdiagram:MAnUnnormalizedRelationforORDERCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-10ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AnUnnormalizedRelationforONormalizedTablesCreatedfromORDERCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-11ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
NormalizedTablesCreatedfromAnEntity-RelationshipDiagramCREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTFigure7-12ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
AnEntity-RelationshipDiagramCentralizeddatabase:Usedbysinglecentralprocessorormultipleprocessorsinclient/servernetworkThereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestohavingallcorporatedatainonelocation.Securityishigherincentralenvironments,riskslower.Ifdatademandsarehighlydecentralized,thenadecentralizeddesignislesscostly,andmoreflexible.CREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMENTDistributingDatabases
ManagementInformationSystemsChapter7ManagingDataResources
Centralizeddatabase:CREATINGDatabasescanbedecentralizedeitherbypartitioningorbyreplicatingPartitioneddatabase:Databaseisdividedintosegmentsorregions.Forexample,acustomerdatabasecanbedividedintoEasterncustomersandWesterncustomers,andtwoseparatedatabasesmaintainedinthetworegions.CREATINGADATABASEENVIRONMEN
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