SplanchnologyDepartmentofAnatomydownSplanchnologyDepartmentofAna1Chapter4TheGeneralDescriptionDifinition:meansthestudyofviscera(alimentarysystem,respiratorysystem,urinarysystemandgenitalsystem)Association:

morphologylocationfunctionorigin

UpdownChapter4TheGeneralDescr2Ⅰ.ThegeneralstructureofvisceraⅠ)Thetubularorganmucosasubmucosamuscularcoatsserosa/adventitiaUpdownⅠ.Thegeneralstructureofv3Ⅱ)Theparenchymatousorganhilum/portaUpdownⅡ)TheparenchymatousorganUp4Ⅱ.ThereferencelineandabdominalregionsⅠ)

ThecommanusedreferencelinesofthethoraxAnteriormedianlineSternallineMidclavicularline

Parasternalline

UpdownⅡ.Thereferencelineandab5AnterioraxillarylinePosterioraxillarylineMidaxillarylineScapularlineParavertebrallinePosteriormedianlineUpdownAnterioraxillarylineUpdo6Ⅱ)Abdominalregions

QuadrantsNine-areamethodUpdownⅡ)AbdominalregionsUpdow7

Chapter5

TheAlimentarySystem

UpdownChapter5

TheAl8CompositionDigestivetube

MouthPharynxEsophagusStomach

SmallintestineLargeintestine

Duodenum

Jejunum

IleumSuperiordigestivetube

InferiordigestivetubeUpdownCompositionDigestivetubeMou9Digestiveglands

MajorsalivaryglandsLiverPancreas

Function:

ingestion,digestion,absorption,egestingUpdownDigestiveglandsMajorsalivar10Section1TheOralCavity

ConsistsoftwopartsOralvestibule:betweencheeksandlipandteethOralcavityproper:withinarchofteethUpdownSection1TheOralCavity11BoundariesAnteriorandlateral:gumandteethPosterior:isthmusoffaucesRoof:palateFloor:tongue,musclesandmucousmembraneOralvestibuleleads,bythespacebehindthemolarteeth,intotheoralcavityproperUpdownBoundariesUpdown12Ⅰ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekPapillaofparotidductUpdownⅠ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekUp13Ⅲ.Palate

TwopartsHardpalate:

anterior2/3,formedbythemaxillaandpalatineboneSoftpalate:

posterior1/3VelumpalatinumUvulaPalatoglossalarchPalatopharyngealarch

UpdownⅢ.PalateTwopartsUpdow14Isthmusoffauces

formedbyposteriorborderofvelumpalatinum,bothsideofpalatoglossalarches,androotoftongue.downUpIsthmusoffaucesformedbyp15Ⅳ.TeethⅠ)ClassificationandarrangementGeneralDeciduousfeaturesTwosets:

PermanentClassification:

IncisorsCaninePremolarsMolarsUpdownⅣ.TeethⅠ)Classificationand16Deciduousteeth:are20innumberTenteethineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchCentralincisor,lateralincisor,canine,firstmolarandsecondmolarineachquadrantUpperjawⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤtotal20Lowerjawin.in.can.mol.mol.Eruption:starsatabout6monthofageandcontinuestobeginningof3rdyearShedding:occursbetween6thand12thyearswithreplacementbypermanentteethUpdownDeciduousteeth:are20innum17UpdownUpdown18Permanentteeth(adult):

are32innumber

SixteenineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchTwoincisors,onecanine,twopremolars,andthreemolarsineachquadrant

Upperjaw12345678total32Lowerjaw

Firstpermanentmolar－appearsatabout6yearsThirdmolars(wisdomteeth)－manyeruptatanytimeafter12yearsofageornotatall(impaction).

UpdownPermanentteeth(adult):are319UpdownUpdown20Ⅱ)GeneraldescriptionEachtoothconsistsof3parts:CrownNeckRoot

Dentalcavity－containsconnectivetissue,bloodvesselsandnerves,andiscontinuouswiththeperiodontaltissuethroughtherootcanalandapicalforamen.UpdownⅡ)GeneraldescriptionUpd21Ⅲ)Calcifiedtissues

Dentine－isayellowishwhitetissue,thatformsthebulkoftooth.Enamel

－isahead,brittlewhitetissuethatcoversthecrownofthetoothCement

－isanunusualformofbonethatcoverstherootofthetoothⅣ)PeriodontaltissuePeriodontalmembraneAlveolarboneGum

UpdownⅢ)CalcifiedtissuesUp22Ⅴ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)MorphologyTwoparts:

dividedtwopartsbyv-shapedterminalsulcusBodyoftongue－ant2/3，apexoftongue－freeroundedtipRootoftongue－post1/3

Attheapexofterminalsulcusisasmallmedianpit,theforamencecumoftongueUpdownⅤ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)23Ⅱ)Lingualmucousmembrane

Papillaeoftongue

Filiformpapillae

fungiformpapillaefoliatepapillae

containtastebudsvallatepapillae

Lingualtonsil

－massesofsubmucosallymphoidtissueontherootoftongueUpdownⅡ)Lingualmucousmembrane24Inferiorsurfaceoftongue

Frenulumoftongue

－amidlinefoldofmucousmembraneconnectingtonguetofloorofmouthSublingualcaruncle

－smallelevationSublingualfold

UpdownInferiorsurfaceoftongueU25Ⅲ)Musclesoftongue

IntrinsicmusclesoftongueExtrinsicmusclesoftongue

Genioglossus

ArisesfrommentalspineofmandibleandinsertsintoeithersideofmidlineoftongueAction:actingtogetherdrawtongueforwardanddownward;actingalongmakingapexoftonguetooppositesideInvolvedindeterminingshapeandpositionoftongueUpdownⅢ)MusclesoftongueUp26Ⅵ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)Parotidgland

SuperficialpartDeeppartParotidduct:

arisesfrontanteriorborderofgland,runsoverthemasseterafinger’sbreadthbelowthezygomaticarchtopiercethebuccinatorandopensintothemouthcavity,oppositetheuppersecondmolartoothUpdownⅥ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)27Ⅱ)Submandibulargland

Position:

liesinsubmandibulartriangleDuctopensontosublingualcaruncle

UpdownⅡ)SubmandibularglandUp28Ⅲ)Sublingualgland

position:

situatedbeneaththemucousmembraneofthefloorofmouthDucts

Majorsublingualduct－opensontothesublingualcaruncleMinorsublingualducts－openontothesublingualfoldUpdownⅢ)SublingualglandUpdo29SectiontwoThePharynxⅠ.

LocationandGeneralfeaturesA–fibromusculartube,partofdigestiveandrespiratorysystemsExtendsfrombaseofskulltotheinferiorborderofcricoidcartilage

(lowerborderofC6level)Ⅱ.

Division

ThreesegmentsUpdownSectiontwoThePharynxⅠ.30Ⅰ)Nasopharynx－posteriortonasalcavitiesExtendsfromthebaseofskulltolevelofsoftpalateFeaturesPharyngealopeningofauditorytubeTubaltorusPharyngealrecess

TubaltonsilPharyngealtonsil

Ⅱ)Oropharynx

－posteriortooralcavityLiesbelowsoftpalate,extendstoupperborderofepiglottisUpdownⅠ)Nasopharynx－posteriorto31Oropharynx

FeaturesMedianglossoepiglotticfoldEpiglotticvalleculaPalatinetonsil

－lieswithintonsillarfossaLymphaticring－consistsofpharyngealtonsil,tubaltonsil,Palatinetonsil,

andlingualtonsil,formingacircularbandoflymphoidtissueatoropharyngealisthmusUpdownOropharynxUpdown32Ⅲ)Laryngopharynx

－posteriortolarynxExtendsfromupperborderofepiglottistotheleveloflowerborderofC6Piriformrecess－adeepdepressiononeachsideofapertureoflarynxUpdownⅢ)Laryngopharynx－posterior33Section3TheEsophagus

Ⅰ.Generalfeatures

－

amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,passesthroughthediaphragmatlevelofT10vertebraandafter1~2cmentersthestomachDivision:

CervicalpartThoracicpartAbdominalpartUpdownSection3TheEsophagus34Ⅱ.Threeconstrictions

Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagusWhereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10UpEndⅡ.ThreeconstrictionsUp35SplanchnologyDepartmentofAnatomydownSplanchnologyDepartmentofAna36Chapter4TheGeneralDescriptionDifinition:meansthestudyofviscera(alimentarysystem,respiratorysystem,urinarysystemandgenitalsystem)Association:

morphologylocationfunctionorigin

UpdownChapter4TheGeneralDescr37Ⅰ.ThegeneralstructureofvisceraⅠ)Thetubularorganmucosasubmucosamuscularcoatsserosa/adventitiaUpdownⅠ.Thegeneralstructureofv38Ⅱ)Theparenchymatousorganhilum/portaUpdownⅡ)TheparenchymatousorganUp39Ⅱ.ThereferencelineandabdominalregionsⅠ)

ThecommanusedreferencelinesofthethoraxAnteriormedianlineSternallineMidclavicularline

Parasternalline

UpdownⅡ.Thereferencelineandab40AnterioraxillarylinePosterioraxillarylineMidaxillarylineScapularlineParavertebrallinePosteriormedianlineUpdownAnterioraxillarylineUpdo41Ⅱ)Abdominalregions

QuadrantsNine-areamethodUpdownⅡ)AbdominalregionsUpdow42

Chapter5

TheAlimentarySystem

UpdownChapter5

TheAl43CompositionDigestivetube

MouthPharynxEsophagusStomach

SmallintestineLargeintestine

Duodenum

Jejunum

IleumSuperiordigestivetube

InferiordigestivetubeUpdownCompositionDigestivetubeMou44Digestiveglands

MajorsalivaryglandsLiverPancreas

Function:

ingestion,digestion,absorption,egestingUpdownDigestiveglandsMajorsalivar45Section1TheOralCavity

ConsistsoftwopartsOralvestibule:betweencheeksandlipandteethOralcavityproper:withinarchofteethUpdownSection1TheOralCavity46BoundariesAnteriorandlateral:gumandteethPosterior:isthmusoffaucesRoof:palateFloor:tongue,musclesandmucousmembraneOralvestibuleleads,bythespacebehindthemolarteeth,intotheoralcavityproperUpdownBoundariesUpdown47Ⅰ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekPapillaofparotidductUpdownⅠ.OrallipsⅡ.CheekUp48Ⅲ.Palate

TwopartsHardpalate:

anterior2/3,formedbythemaxillaandpalatineboneSoftpalate:

posterior1/3VelumpalatinumUvulaPalatoglossalarchPalatopharyngealarch

UpdownⅢ.PalateTwopartsUpdow49Isthmusoffauces

formedbyposteriorborderofvelumpalatinum,bothsideofpalatoglossalarches,androotoftongue.downUpIsthmusoffaucesformedbyp50Ⅳ.TeethⅠ)ClassificationandarrangementGeneralDeciduousfeaturesTwosets:

PermanentClassification:

IncisorsCaninePremolarsMolarsUpdownⅣ.TeethⅠ)Classificationand51Deciduousteeth:are20innumberTenteethineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchCentralincisor,lateralincisor,canine,firstmolarandsecondmolarineachquadrantUpperjawⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤtotal20Lowerjawin.in.can.mol.mol.Eruption:starsatabout6monthofageandcontinuestobeginningof3rdyearShedding:occursbetween6thand12thyearswithreplacementbypermanentteethUpdownDeciduousteeth:are20innum52UpdownUpdown53Permanentteeth(adult):

are32innumber

SixteenineachmandibularandmaxillaryarchTwoincisors,onecanine,twopremolars,andthreemolarsineachquadrant

Upperjaw12345678total32Lowerjaw

Firstpermanentmolar－appearsatabout6yearsThirdmolars(wisdomteeth)－manyeruptatanytimeafter12yearsofageornotatall(impaction).

UpdownPermanentteeth(adult):are354UpdownUpdown55Ⅱ)GeneraldescriptionEachtoothconsistsof3parts:CrownNeckRoot

Dentalcavity－containsconnectivetissue,bloodvesselsandnerves,andiscontinuouswiththeperiodontaltissuethroughtherootcanalandapicalforamen.UpdownⅡ)GeneraldescriptionUpd56Ⅲ)Calcifiedtissues

Dentine－isayellowishwhitetissue,thatformsthebulkoftooth.Enamel

－isahead,brittlewhitetissuethatcoversthecrownofthetoothCement

－isanunusualformofbonethatcoverstherootofthetoothⅣ)PeriodontaltissuePeriodontalmembraneAlveolarboneGum

UpdownⅢ)CalcifiedtissuesUp57Ⅴ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)MorphologyTwoparts:

dividedtwopartsbyv-shapedterminalsulcusBodyoftongue－ant2/3，apexoftongue－freeroundedtipRootoftongue－post1/3

Attheapexofterminalsulcusisasmallmedianpit,theforamencecumoftongueUpdownⅤ.Tongue－muscularorganⅠ)58Ⅱ)Lingualmucousmembrane

Papillaeoftongue

Filiformpapillae

fungiformpapillaefoliatepapillae

containtastebudsvallatepapillae

Lingualtonsil

－massesofsubmucosallymphoidtissueontherootoftongueUpdownⅡ)Lingualmucousmembrane59Inferiorsurfaceoftongue

Frenulumoftongue

－amidlinefoldofmucousmembraneconnectingtonguetofloorofmouthSublingualcaruncle

－smallelevationSublingualfold

UpdownInferiorsurfaceoftongueU60Ⅲ)Musclesoftongue

IntrinsicmusclesoftongueExtrinsicmusclesoftongue

Genioglossus

ArisesfrommentalspineofmandibleandinsertsintoeithersideofmidlineoftongueAction:actingtogetherdrawtongueforwardanddownward;actingalongmakingapexoftonguetooppositesideInvolvedindeterminingshapeandpositionoftongueUpdownⅢ)MusclesoftongueUp61Ⅵ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)Parotidgland

SuperficialpartDeeppartParotidduct:

arisesfrontanteriorborderofgland,runsoverthemasseterafinger’sbreadthbelowthezygomaticarchtopiercethebuccinatorandopensintothemouthcavity,oppositetheuppersecondmolartoothUpdownⅥ.MajorsalivaryglandsⅠ)62Ⅱ)Submandibulargland

Position:

liesinsubmandibulartriangleDuctopensontosublingualcaruncle

UpdownⅡ)SubmandibularglandUp63Ⅲ)Sublingualgland

position:

situatedbeneaththemucousmembraneofthefloorofmouthDucts

Majorsublingualduct－opensontothesublingualcaruncleMinorsublingualducts－openontothesublingualfoldUpdownⅢ)SublingualglandUpdo64SectiontwoThePharynxⅠ.

LocationandGeneralfeaturesA–fibromusculartube,partofdigestiveandrespiratorysystemsExtendsfrombaseofskulltotheinferiorborderofcricoidcartilage

(lowerborderofC6level)Ⅱ.

Division

ThreesegmentsUpdownSectiontwo