綿陽(yáng)市2017級(jí)線上學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量評(píng)估英語(yǔ)試題本試卷分為試題卷和答題卡兩部分，其中試題卷共12頁(yè)；答題卡共2頁(yè)。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡上將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫清楚，同時(shí)用2b鉛筆將考號(hào)準(zhǔn)確填涂在“考號(hào)”欄目?jī)?nèi)。2.選擇題使用2b鉛筆填涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號(hào)的位置上，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后再選涂其它答案；非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫在答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)框內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效；在草槁紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后將答題卡收回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）回答聽力部分時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的a、b、c三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題并閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：howmuchistheshirt?a.￡19.15.b.￡9.18.c.￡9.15.答案:c。1.whatistheweatherliketomorrow?acloudy.b.windy.c.sunny.2.whatwilltheyorder?a.redwine.b.whitewine.c.beer.3.whatdoesthewomanwanttohaveinthebackyard?a.agarden.b.aswimmingpool.c.astorageplace.4.howmuchwillthewomanpay?a.$40.b.$32.c.$20.5.what'retheytalkingabout?a.theirholidays.b.theirfriends.c.theirschoolwork.第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的ab、c三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?a.thehotel.b.waterfrontpark.c.harborstreet.7.howwillshegetthere?a.takethesubway.b.takethenumber34bus.c.walkthere.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.what'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?a.couple.b.colleagues.c.friends.9.whattimeisitnow?a.2:00pm.b.2:30pm.c.12:30pm.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.whenwillthemanwatchtheshow?a.inthemorning.b.intheafternoon.c.intheevening.11.whatkindofseatsdidthemanchoose?a.balcony.b.uppercircle.c.dresscircle.12.howdidthemanpayforthetickets?a.bycreditcard.b.bycheck.c.incash.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.what'sthetopicoftheconversation?a.testtaking.b.holidaymaking.c.jobhunting.14.whathasthemanbeendoingrecently?a.workingatarestaurant.b.askinghisbossforapayrise.c.preparingforhislastexam.15.whatdoesthewomanintendtodomost?a.borrowsomemoney.b.workwiththeman.c.earnmoremoney.16.whydothespeakerswanttoinvitetom?a.heisexperiencedinsailing.b.heisinterestedintravelling.c.hehaslotsofmoney.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.whoisthetargetedaudienceofthespeech?a.theelderly.b.youngpeople.c.head-hunters.18.whatcanjobsinformationservicecenterdoforpeople?a.toofferpeoplejobs.b.tohelppeoplefindjobs.c.tofindtherightpeopleforemployers.19.whatisthespeakertryingtodo?a.getpeopletocontactthem.b.selltheirservice.c.sharetheirexperiences.20.what'sthenumbertocallthecenter?a.435-960-0888b.439-506-0888.c.439-560-0888.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c和d）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。auniqueandweirdnewyearevetraditionsgermanyinsomepartsofgermany,theydobleigiessen,orlead（鉛）pouring.pouradollop（團(tuán)）ofmoltenleadincoldwaterandwhatevershapeformsmaybetellingabouttheyeartocome.aheartshape,naturally,meanslovewillcomeyourway.acrownpredictswealthandfortune.astarindicateshappiness.butifyouseeacrossinthelead?you'reasgoodasdead!latinamericaifyou'reinlatinamerica,makesureyouhavesomecolorfulunderpantstoringinthenewyear.end—of—the—yearpartiersputoncolorfulunderweartoensurecertaintypesofoutcomesforthefollowingyear.redforloveandyellowforsuccess.naples,italyneapolitanslikethrowingthingsoutofwindows,atleastonnewyear'seve.furniture,kitchenmachines,grandma.well,maybenotthelastone.let'shopenot,anyway.thistraditionismeanttosymbolizeanout—with—the—oldgestureandgettingabrandnewbeginningforthenewyear.thesedayspeopleareabitmoremindfulaboutwhattheytossdowntothestreetbelow.spainin1909,winegrowersinthealicanteregionofspainhadabrilliantidea:startandpromoteanannualtraditionthatwouldinvolvepeoplehavingtobuyandeatmoregrapes.onemustcat12grapesonnewyear'sevetoencourageprosperityforthecoiningyear.now,it'supopularcustominiberia.buttheproblemisthatonehastocatagrapeforeachbellstrikeatmidnight.1.whatdoesacrossshapemean?a.love. b.wealth.c.happiness. d.misfortune.2.what'snewaboutneapolitans'tradition?a.theyhateusingfurniture.b.theythrowtheirgrandmaoutofwindows.c.theyaremorecarefulaboutwhattothrow.d.theylikemakinggesturesinfrontofthewindow.3.whichcountryhasthetraditionofeatinggrapes?a.germany. b.brazil.c.italy. d.spain.【答案】1.d2.c3.d【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了世界上幾個(gè)國(guó)家獨(dú)特而怪異的新年前夜傳統(tǒng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“aheartshape,naturally,meanslovewillcomeyourway.acrownpredictswealthandfortune.astarindicateshappiness.butifyouseeacrossinthelead?you'reasgoodasdead!”可知，心形自然意味著愛(ài)情會(huì)降臨到你身上，皇冠預(yù)示財(cái)富，星星代表幸福，但是如果是十字形，你就死定了，由此可知，十字形代表災(zāi)禍，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“thesedayspeopleareabitmoremindfulaboutwhattheytossdowntothestreetbelow.”可知，如今，人們（那不勒斯人）對(duì)扔到街道上的東西更加留心了，故c項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“in1909,winegrowersinthealicanteregionofspainhadabrilliantidea:startandpromoteanannualtraditionthatwouldinvolvepeoplehavingtobuyandeatmoregrapes.”可知，1909年，西班牙阿利坎特地區(qū)的葡萄種植者們想出了一個(gè)絕妙的主意:開始并推廣一項(xiàng)每年一度的傳統(tǒng)，要求人們購(gòu)買和食用更多的葡萄，故d項(xiàng)正確。brussfeewasasleepinsidehistentlastsummerincanada'sbanffnationalparkwhenaseriesofscreamsshockedhimawake.throwingonhisshoesandgrabbingalanternhiswifehadhandedhim,heranouttoinvestigate.despitethedarkness,hecouldmakeoutaneighboringtent.backingoutwasawolf,draggingsomethinginhisteeth—aman.momentsearlier,elisaandmatt,wereasleepwiththeirtwoyoungchildrenwhenthewolftoreintotheirtent."itwaslikesomethingoutofahorrormovie,"elisarecalled.forthreeminutes,mattthrewhisbodyinfrontofelisaandtheboysandfoughtagainstthewolf.atonepoint,mattgottheupperhand,butthewolfturnedthetablesanddraggedmattoutsidewhileelisawaspullingonhislegstryingtogethimback.itwasthenthatrussfeeenteredthepicture.heranatthebeast,kickingitinthehip.thewolfdroppedmattandemergedfromthetent.feefeltlikehehadhitsomeonethatwaswayoutofhisweightclass.beforethewolfcouldturnitsangeronfee,matt,hisarmsbloodied,restartedthebattle.thementhrewatthewolfwithrocks,forcingitback.thenthefamiliesfledtotheshelterofthefees,minivanandcalledanambulance."attacksaresorarethatapersonherehasagreaterchanceofbeingkilledbyadog,lightning,abeesting,oracarcollisionwithadeerthanbeinginjuredbyawolf"saidmatt.feedidthinkaboutdrawingback,iflessheroic,duringtheheatofbattle.themomentthewolflockedeyeswithhim,feesaid,"iimmediatelyregrettedkickingit."4.whatwerethetwofamiliesdoinginthepark?a.theyweremakingahorrormovie. b.theywerecampinginthewild.c.theywerestudyingwolves. d.theywereinvestigatingthepark.5.howdidmattescapefromthewolf?a.byfee'skickingthewolffrombehind. b.byturningthetableonthewolf.c.byplacinghishandtightlyonthewolf. d.byhiswife'spullinghislegs.6.whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?a.manydeerarekilledbyvehicles. b.dogsarepeople'sfriendsinneed.c.wolvesseldomattackpeoplethere. d.peopleareoftenattackedbywolves.7.whichwordcanbestdescribefeeinthestory?a.brave. b.responsible.c.indifferent. d.clever.【答案】4.b5.a6.c7.a【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了在加拿大班夫國(guó)家公園的野外露營(yíng)的羅斯·費(fèi)狼口救人的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“russfeewasasleepinsidehistentlastsummerincanada'sbanffnationalpark”及“aneighboringtent”可知，事發(fā)時(shí)，這兩個(gè)家庭都在加拿大班夫國(guó)家公園的野外露營(yíng)，故b項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“heranatthebeast,kickingitinthehip.thewolfdroppedmattandemergedfromthetent.”可知，費(fèi)朝那條狼跑去，猛踢它的屁股，狼丟下了馬特，馬特因而得救，故a項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“"attacksaresorarethatapersonherehasagreaterchanceofbeingkilledbyadog,lightning,abeesting,oracarcollisionwithadeerthanbeinginjuredbyawolf"saidmatt.”可知，馬特說(shuō)：“在這里，狼襲擊人的事件非常罕見(jiàn)，被狗、閃電、蜜蜂蜇傷或開車與鹿相撞的幾率比被狼咬傷的幾率大得多”，由此可知，在那里，狼很少襲擊人，故c項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的講述，特別是根據(jù)第三段中的“heranatthebeast,kickingitinthehip.”可知，看到狼襲擊人后，費(fèi)立即朝那條狼跑去，猛踢它的屁股救人，這表明費(fèi)很勇敢，故a項(xiàng)正確。cifyou'reoneofthemillionsofthosewhouseescalatorseachyear,youareprobablydeeplyfamiliarwiththeverticalgrooves（豎凹槽）thatcovereachstair.fewofushavestoppedtoconsiderwhytheyexist,though.infact,it'soneoftheeverydaythingswetakeforgranted.butitisalittlecomplicatingwhenyouthinkaboutit.sure,thedeep,greylinesmakeanescalator'smetalstairsmoreappealingtotheeye.butregularstairsdon'thavegrooveslikethese;whydoescalatorsneedthem?isitbecauseofthemovement?itturnsoutthosegroovesserveamorefunctionalpurpose.and,yes,itdoeshavetodowiththemovement,aswellaswithgeneralcleanliness!anyonewhohasriddenanescalatorknowsthatthestepseverlastinglycirculatefromthetoptothebottom.you'vesurelynoticedtheridgedyellowlipatthetopoftheescalator.buthere'swhatyoumaynothavenoticed:asanescalator'sstepsflatten,thisridge—alsocalledthecombplate—sweepsawayanytrashorlitterthatmighthavefallenonthestairs.thosegrooveslockthestepandcombplatetogether,whichmakesitharderforanydangerousmaterialstoslideunderneaththelip.thispreventsforeignobjectsfromgettingstuckinthatgap,potentiallycausingtheescalatortostop,orworse,breakdowncompletely.that'snottheonlyreasonwhythegrooveswerecreated,though.theyarealsoagoodplaceforwatertopooltogether,protectingyoufromabadfallontheslicksurface.sothenexttimeyousteponanescalator,takeamomenttoappreciatethosemetalgrooves.theyexisttomakesureyougettoyourofficemeetingontime.8.whatarethefirsttwoparagraphstryingtosay?a.millionsofpeopleuseescalatorseveryyear.b.fewpeoplethinkmuchaboutthegrooves.c.escalatorsarecomplicatedmachines.d.groovesmakethestairslookbetter.9.theridgeismainlydesignedto____a.cleanoffdangerousobjects.b.keepthestairsinmovement.c.flattenthesteps.d.lockthesteps.10.whatdoestheunderlinedword"slick”meaninparagraph4?a.smooth. b.sticky.c.steep. d.slippery.11.what'sthepassagemainlyabout?a.theimportanceofescalators.b.thereasonsforgroovesonstairs.c.thelookofgroovesinescalators.d.thesafewaysofridingescalators.【答案】8.b9.a10.d11.b【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了自動(dòng)扶梯上設(shè)計(jì)豎凹槽的原因?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)前兩段內(nèi)容，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“fewofushavestoppedtoconsiderwhytheyexist,though.infact,it'soneoftheeverydaythingswetakeforgranted.”可知，然而，我們很少有人停下來(lái)思考它們（自動(dòng)扶梯上的豎凹槽）為什么會(huì)存在，事實(shí)上，它是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪辛?xí)以為常的東西之一，由此可知，前兩段是想說(shuō)很少有人會(huì)去多想自動(dòng)扶梯上的豎凹槽，故b項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“asanescalator'sstepsflatten,thisridge—alsocalledthecombplate—sweepsawayanytrashorlitterthatmighthavefallenonthestairs.thosegrooveslockthestepandcombplatetogether,whichmakesitharderforanydangerousmaterialstoslideunderneaththelip.”可知，當(dāng)自動(dòng)扶梯的臺(tái)階變平時(shí)，這個(gè)脊，也被稱為“梳狀板”，用來(lái)清掃掉在電梯上的垃圾，這些凹槽將臺(tái)階和梳板固定在一起，這使得任何危險(xiǎn)的東西更難以滑到電梯邊緣下面，由此可知，脊是為了清除掉在電梯上的危險(xiǎn)物品而設(shè)計(jì)的，故a項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“theyarealsoagoodplaceforwatertopooltogether,protectingyoufromabadfallon”可知，撒了水的表面是濕滑的，這些豎凹槽的作用就是把水存在里面，這樣你就不會(huì)滑倒了，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“光滑的”，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第二段中的“whydoescalatorsneedthem?”可知，電梯上為什么需要它們（豎凹槽）呢？再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“that'snottheonlyreasonwhythegrooveswerecreated,though.”可知，然而，這并不是設(shè)計(jì)豎凹槽的唯一原因，由此可知，本文主要介紹了自動(dòng)扶梯上設(shè)計(jì)豎凹槽的原因，故b項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)題的難度較大，對(duì)畫線詞上下文（特別是前一句或后一句）的理解是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)槠渫鶗?huì)對(duì)畫線詞起到解釋說(shuō)明的作用，例如本篇第3題，根據(jù)畫線詞前的“theyarealsoagoodplaceforwatertopooltogether,protectingyoufromabadfallon”可知，撒了水的表面是濕滑的，如果踩上去很容易滑倒，這些豎凹槽的作用就是把水存在凹槽里，這樣你就不會(huì)滑倒了，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“光滑的”。doveramillionchildrenhavedevelopedsomeformofintellectual（智力）disabilityoverthepasttwodecadesafterbeingexposedtochemicalsincludingflameretardants,pesticides,lead,andmercury,astudyhasrevealed.thestudyfocusedonthefourchemicals,whichcanbecrossedfromamothertoherunbornbabythroughtheplacenta（胎盤）andcauseneurodevelopmentaldamage.theresearcherslookedatdatafrompaststudies,includingbloodsamplestakenfromwomenofchildbearingageand5-year-olds.overtheperiod,flameretardants,resultedin738,860casesofintellectualdisabilityandanestimated162millionlostiq（智商）points,followedbyleadat330,684cases,pesticidesat111,830,andmercuryat8,860.inrecentyears,pesticidesandflameretardantshaveovertakenleadandmercuryasthechemicalsresponsibleforthebiggestlossofiqamongchildren.theresearchersbelievethisisduetoregulationscuttingdowntheuseofthesechemicals.forinstance,leadhasbeenbannedfromgasoline,paintanddrinkingwatersystemsintheu.s.andplantsarenotallowedtopumpoutmercury.theresearchersacknowledgedlimitationstotheirstudy,includingthattheexposure-responserelationshipsmightnotrelatetoallpopulations.positively,theyfoundahugedropintheestimatedlossofiqpointsamongchildren.leadresearcherabigailgaylord,commented:"ourfindingssuggestthatoureffortstoreduceexposuretoheavymetalsarepayingoff,butthatharmfulexposuresingeneralcontinuetorepresentaterriblerisktopeople'sphysical,mental,andeconomichealth."unfortunately,theminimalpoliciesinplacetoremovepesticidesandflameretardantsareclearlynotenough,"shesaid.shealsoadded.frequentlyopeningwindowstoletpersistentchemicalsfoundinfurnitureelectronics,andcarpetingescape,andeatingcertifiedorganicproducecaneduceexposuretotheseharmfulthings"12.whichcontributesmosttothelossofchildren'siq?a.flameretardants. b.pesticide.c.lead. d.mercury.13.wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?a.aschoolreport. b.asciencefiction.c.ascientificresearch. d.achemistrybook.14.whatisthedrawbackoftheresearchmentioned?a.ithasreceivedbadresponsefromallpopulations.b.ithasnopreviousinformationtoreferto.c.itcoversonlypartofthepopulation.d.itisnotsupportedbygovernmentpolicies.15.what'sthebesttitleforthispassage?a.fourchemicalsharmingchildren.b.regulationscuttingdowntheuseofheavymetals.c.environmentriskingpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth.d.childreniqloweredbyexposuretoharmfulchemicals.【答案】12.a13.c14.c15.d【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)接觸有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童的智商下降?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“overtheperiod,flameretardants,resultedin738,860casesofintellectualdisabilityandanestimated162millionlostiq（智商）points,followedbyleadat330,684cases,pesticidesat111,830,andmercuryat8,860.”可知，在此期間，阻燃劑導(dǎo)致738860例智力障礙，約1.62億智商下降，其次是鉛330684例，農(nóng)藥111830例，汞8860例，由此可知，阻燃劑是導(dǎo)致兒童智商下降最多的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，故a項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文特別是根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)接觸阻燃劑、殺蟲劑、鉛和汞等化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童智力下降，這屬于科學(xué)范疇，因此文章最有可能出自于科學(xué)研究，故c項(xiàng)正確。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“theresearchersacknowledgedlimitationstotheirstudy,includingthattheexposure-responserelationshipsmightnotrelatetoallpopulations.”可知，研究人員承認(rèn)他們的研究存在局限性，包括這種暴露與反應(yīng)的關(guān)系可能并不適用于所有人群，由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究的缺點(diǎn)是它只涵蓋了部分人群，故c項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，一項(xiàng)研究顯示，在過(guò)去20年里，超過(guò)100萬(wàn)兒童在接觸了阻燃劑、殺蟲劑、鉛和汞等化學(xué)物質(zhì)后出現(xiàn)了某種形式的智力障礙，因此文章主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)接觸阻燃劑、殺蟲劑、鉛和汞等化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童智力下降，即：接觸有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童的智商下降，故d項(xiàng)正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。formany,holidaycelebrationsmeanlargemealssharedwithfamilyandfriends,butsuchfeastscangeneratehugeamountsoffoodwaste,harmingtheenvironmentandoverusingnaturalresources—unlessmindfulmerrymakerstakestepstocontroltheamount.___16___bemindfulofwhatyoualreadyhavetrykeepingfoodinglassjars.usingthismethod,youcanmakeallthefoodinyourkitchenvisible,easilyrememberedandconsumed.___17___.nothinggetslostinthebackofashelf.___18___sticktoaplannedholidaymenubeforeheadingtothegrocerystore.aclearideaofwhowillbegatheredandexactlyhowmuchfoodtopreparewillsavealotoftossingoutlater.bemindfulnotjustofhowmuchtopurchase,buttheitemsthemselves.useleftoverswiselyitmaybeimpossibletogeteveryoneintothecleanplateclub.___19___freezeandrepurposeleftoversbyusingthemasbasicingredientsforotherrecipesorsendextrashomewithguests.keeptrackofthescraps（殘羹）alongwithturkeybones,useholidayscrapssuchasvegetables,meatandfishbonestomakesoup.forpet-safedishes,allowyourdogtocleanplatesbeforeputtingtheminthedishwasher.considercomposting（堆肥）___20___.thesematerialscanbecomposted,whichwillkeepthemoutoflandfills,wheretheytakeupspaceandreleasemethane,apotentgreenhousegas.a.shopsmartb.planamenuc.thatdoesn'tmeanleftoverfoodhastogowasted.someofyourfamilyorguestsmaynotlikethefoode.followingaresometipsonreducingfoodwasteduringholidaysf.organizeyourdryfoodononerowanduserefrigeratordrawersg.foodscrapsandyardwastemakeupmorethan28percentofwaste【答案】16.e17.f18.a19.c20.g【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了減少節(jié)日期間食物浪費(fèi)的幾點(diǎn)建議。【16題詳解】空前說(shuō)對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)日慶祝意味著與家人和朋友共享大餐，但這樣的盛宴可能會(huì)造成大量的食物浪費(fèi)，下文又介紹了減少食物浪費(fèi)的建議，此處需要一個(gè)承上啟下的過(guò)渡句，既要對(duì)應(yīng)上文提到的食物浪費(fèi)話題，又要引出下文介紹的幾點(diǎn)建議，故e項(xiàng)（以下是一些減少節(jié)日期間食物浪費(fèi)的建議）符合語(yǔ)境?！?7題詳解】空前說(shuō)試著把食物放在玻璃罐里，使用這種方法，你可以使廚房里的所有食物都看得見(jiàn)，容易記住和食用，此處承接上文，講的還是關(guān)于如何擺放食物的話題，故f項(xiàng)（把你的干糧放在一排，還要使用冰箱的抽屜）符合語(yǔ)境?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，特別是根據(jù)第一句可知，在去雜貨店之前，堅(jiān)持按照計(jì)劃的假日菜單（買東西），因此本段主要講的是要聰明地購(gòu)物，故a項(xiàng)（聰明地購(gòu)物）符合語(yǔ)境?！?9題詳解】空后說(shuō)把剩菜冷凍起來(lái)以后用作其他菜的基本原料，或者把多余的食物送回家，因此此處是說(shuō)剩飯剩菜不一定非要浪費(fèi)掉，還可以再利用，故c項(xiàng)（這并不意味著吃剩的食物要被浪費(fèi)掉）符合語(yǔ)境。【20題詳解】空后說(shuō)這些材料可以堆肥，這將使它們遠(yuǎn)離垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，因此此處應(yīng)該會(huì)提到垃圾，空后的thesematerials指代的就是g項(xiàng)中的foodscrapsandyardwaste，故g項(xiàng)（食物殘?jiān)驮鹤永锏睦剂死偭康?8%）符合語(yǔ)境。【點(diǎn)睛】過(guò)渡句的考查是七選五的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)，被選選項(xiàng)一定要起到承上啟下的過(guò)渡作用，例如本篇第1題，根據(jù)空前的“formany,holidaycelebrationsmeanlargemealssharedwithfamilyandfriends,butsuchfeastscangeneratehugeamountsoffoodwaste”可知，對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)日慶祝意味著與家人和朋友共享大餐，但這樣的盛宴可能會(huì)造成大量的食物浪費(fèi)，下文又介紹了減少節(jié)日期間食物浪費(fèi)的建議，此處需要一個(gè)承上啟下的過(guò)渡句，既要對(duì)應(yīng)上文提到的食物浪費(fèi)這一話題，又要引出下文介紹的幾點(diǎn)建議，故e項(xiàng)（以下是一些減少節(jié)日期間食物浪費(fèi)的建議）符合語(yǔ)境。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完型填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c和d）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。thefirsttimeiwenthuntingwildgeesewithmyfather,icouldn'tcatchthemnomatterhowharditried.everytimeitriedtoapproachthem,___21___thewildgeesestartedflyingawaybeforeicouldgetclose.it___22___mealotanditurnedtomyfatherforhelp.hearingmytrouble,myfather___23___atawildgoosestandingatthehighestpointandsaid,“thatwildgooseisasentry（哨兵）,whichwecallthewildgoose___24___.itwillgiveanalarmtotheotherwildgeeseaslongasitfindssomething___25___.“that's____26____itissohardforyoutocatchthem.listen,boy!goand___27___theslaveonpurposenow,andthenhidetheremotionless."notquiteunderstandingwhy,i___28___tohaveatry.ipickedupapieceofstonefromthegroundandthrewitattheslave.as___29___,itgaveanalarmtoitscompanions_____30_____.thewildgeeserestingtherefledinall_____31_____,buttheyflewbacksoonwhentheyfoundnothinghappened.ifollowedmyfather'sinstructionstorepeatthis_____32_____forafewtimes.______33______,afewwildgeesethinkingtheywerefooledstarted_____34_____theslave.repeatedly,almostallthewildgeesethoughttheslavegavefalse_____35_____andbegantoattacktheslave.thepoorslavewaspecked（啄）alloverwithcutsandscratches."youcanapproachthegeesenow,"_____36_____myfather.soigotclosetothewildgeeseagain.theslavesawme,butittookno_____37_____thistime.maybeitwasjust_____38_____caring._____39_____,iraisedmygunandgotagoodharvest.thetragedyoftenoccursinthis______40______:theloyalaremisunderstoodwhilethemisunderstoodcannotstickout.21.a.somehow b.anyway c.somewhat d.anyhow22.a.surprised b.touched c.annoyed d.entertained23.a.aimed b.laughed c.stared d.pointed24.a.father b.soldier c.slave d.leader25.a.unlucky b.unusual c.informal d.incorrect26.a.when b.how c.why d.where27.a.start b.beg c.kill d.watch28.a.refused b.offered c.pretended d.decided29.a.suggested b.expected c.reported d.whispered30.a.suddenly b.immediately c.carefully d.angrily31.a.directions b.forms c.methods d.shapes32.a.trick b.word c.plan d.idea33.a.actually b.finally c.obviously d.especially34.a.blaming b.teasing c.hating d.attacking35.a.meaning b.shouting c.warning d.feeling36.a.answered b.explained c.repeated d.reminded37.a.courage b.notes c.action d.pictures38.a.busywith b.tiredof c.angryat d.usedto39.a.hopeless b.careless c.heartless d.speechless40.a.way b.order c.time d.situation【答案】21.a22.c23.d24.c25.b26.c27.a28.d29.b30.b31.a32.a33.b34.d35.c36.d37.c38.b39.d40.a【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了第一次和父親獵大雁時(shí)，父親教我一個(gè)策略——利用雁奴的忠誠(chéng)致使其他大雁以為它在報(bào)假警報(bào)而不再信任它，最終我成功獵到很多只大雁，這也讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到悲劇往往是這樣發(fā)生的：忠誠(chéng)的人被誤解，而被誤解的人也不再堅(jiān)持?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：每次我試圖接近它們時(shí)，不知怎的，我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及靠近，大雁就開始飛走了。a.somehow不知何故；b.anyway無(wú)論如何；c.somewhat稍微；d.anyhow不管怎樣?？涨耙痪湔f(shuō)無(wú)論我多么努力，都獵不到大雁，因此不知什么原因，我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及靠近，它們就飛走了，故a項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我很惱火，我只好向父親求助。a.surprised使驚訝；b.touched使感動(dòng)；c.annoyed惹惱；d.entertained款待。空前一句說(shuō)我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及靠近，大雁就開始飛走了，這自然是讓我大為惱火，故c項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：聽到我遇到的麻煩，父親指著站在最高點(diǎn)的一只大雁說(shuō)：“那只大雁是哨兵，我們稱它為雁奴”。a.aimedat瞄準(zhǔn)；b.laughedat嘲笑；c.staredat緊盯；d.pointedat指向。根據(jù)空后的“standingatthehighestpoint”可知，這只大雁是站在最高點(diǎn)的，因此父親是指著它對(duì)我說(shuō)的，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.father父親；b.soldier士兵；c.slave奴隸；d.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。根據(jù)下文中的“theslave”可知此處指“雁奴”，故c項(xiàng)正確。25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：只要發(fā)現(xiàn)不正常的情況，它就會(huì)給其他的大雁發(fā)出警報(bào)。a.unlucky不走運(yùn)的；b.unusual不同尋常的；c.informal非正式的；d.incorrect不正確的。根據(jù)空前的“itwillgiveanalarmtotheotherwildgeese”可知，只要發(fā)現(xiàn)不正常的情況，它就會(huì)給其他的大雁發(fā)出警報(bào)，故b項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：這就是你很難獵到它們的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺主賓表，缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，that’swhy表示“這就是……的原因”，故c項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在去故意讓那個(gè)雁奴發(fā)出警報(bào)，然后一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地躲在那里。a.start開始；b.beg乞求；c.kill殺死；d.watch看。根據(jù)下文中的“ipickedupapieceofstonefromthegroundandthrewitattheslave.”可知，我從地上撿起一塊石頭扔向雁奴，這說(shuō)明父親讓我故意去誘使那個(gè)雁奴發(fā)出警報(bào)，然后躲起來(lái)以觀察大雁有什么反應(yīng)，故a項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管不太明白為什么，但我還是決定試試。a.refused拒絕；b.offered主動(dòng)提出；c.pretended假裝；d.decided決定。根據(jù)空后的“ipickedupapieceofstonefromthegroundandthrewitattheslave.”可知，我從地上撿起一塊石頭扔向雁奴，這說(shuō)明我決定按照父親說(shuō)的試一下，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不出所料，它立即向同伴發(fā)出警報(bào)。a.suggested表明；b.expected預(yù)料；c.reported報(bào)告；d.whispered低聲說(shuō)。根據(jù)上文中的“that's____6____itissohardforyoutocatchthem.listen,boy!goand___7___theslaveonpurposenow,andthenhidetheremotionless.”可知，父親說(shuō)我獵不到大雁是因?yàn)檠闩诜派?，所以讓我故意去誘使那個(gè)雁奴發(fā)出警報(bào)，因此此處是說(shuō)不出所料，它果然立即向同伴發(fā)出警報(bào)，故b項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.suddenly突然；b.immediately立即；c.carefully小心地；d.angrily生氣地。根據(jù)上文中的“thatwildgooseisasentry”可知，雁奴是哨兵，負(fù)責(zé)為同伴放哨，一有動(dòng)靜，它自然是立即向同伴發(fā)出警報(bào)，故b項(xiàng)正確。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：停在那里的大雁四散逃竄，但當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么事也沒(méi)有后它們很快就飛回來(lái)了。a.directions方向；b.forms形式；c.methods方法；d.shapes形狀。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，接到警報(bào)的大雁應(yīng)該是從四面八方飛起來(lái)，inalldirections表示“四面八方”，故a項(xiàng)正確。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我按照父親的指示重復(fù)了幾次這個(gè)把戲。a.trick把戲、詭計(jì)；b.word諾言；c.plan計(jì)劃；d.idea想法。根據(jù)上文中的“goand___7___theslaveonpurposenow”可知，父親讓我故意去誘使那個(gè)雁奴發(fā)出警報(bào)，因此這是誘使雁奴發(fā)出假警報(bào)的把戲，故a項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，幾只以為被愚弄的大雁開始攻擊雁奴。a.actually實(shí)際上；b.finally最終；c.obviously明顯地；d.especially尤其。空前一句說(shuō)我按照父親的指示重復(fù)了幾次這個(gè)把戲，此處是說(shuō)我重復(fù)幾次這個(gè)把戲帶來(lái)的“最終”結(jié)果，故b項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。a.blaming責(zé)備；b.teasing取笑；c.hating給……戴帽子；d.attacking攻擊。根據(jù)空后的“begantoattacktheslave”可知，幾只以為被愚弄的大雁開始攻擊雁奴，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾乎所有的大雁都以為雁奴發(fā)出了假警報(bào)，它們都開始攻擊雁奴。a.meaning意思；b.shouting呼喊；c.warning預(yù)警、警報(bào)；d.feeling感覺(jué)。根據(jù)上文中的“itwillgiveanalarmtotheotherwildgeese”可知，幾乎所有的大雁都以為雁奴發(fā)出了假警報(bào)，故c項(xiàng)正確。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“現(xiàn)在你可以靠近大雁了”，父親提醒我說(shuō)。a.answered回答；b.explained解釋；c.repeated重復(fù)；d.reminded提醒。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容及空前的“"youcanapproachthegeesenow,"”可知，反復(fù)使用這個(gè)把戲后，我們得到了想要的結(jié)果——大雁都以為雁奴在發(fā)假警報(bào)并開始攻擊它，然后父親提醒我現(xiàn)在可以靠近大雁了，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雁奴看見(jiàn)了我，但這一次它沒(méi)有采取任何行動(dòng)。a.courage勇氣；b.notes筆記；c.action行動(dòng)；d.pictures圖畫。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，之前每次一發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么不對(duì)的情況，雁奴都會(huì)發(fā)出警告，空前的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”表明這次它沒(méi)有采取行動(dòng)（發(fā)出警報(bào)），故c項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：也許它只是厭倦了關(guān)心（為了同伴的安全而保持警惕）。a.bebusywith忙于；b.betiredof厭煩；c.beangryat為……生氣；d.beusedto習(xí)慣于?？涨耙痪湔f(shuō)這一次雁奴沒(méi)有采取任何行動(dòng)，此處解釋原因——也許它厭倦了關(guān)心（為了同伴的安全而保持警惕），故b項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我驚愕得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)，舉起槍，收獲頗豐。a.hopeless絕望的；b.careless粗心的；c.heartless狠心的；d.speechless說(shuō)不出話的。根據(jù)上文可知，根據(jù)上文的講述可知，之前每次一發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么不對(duì)的情況，雁奴都會(huì)發(fā)出警告，但這一次它沒(méi)有采取任何行動(dòng)，這種強(qiáng)烈的反差讓我驚愕得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)，故d項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：悲劇往往是這樣發(fā)生的：忠誠(chéng)的人被誤解，而被誤解的人也不再堅(jiān)持。a.way方式、方法；b.order順序；c.time次數(shù)、時(shí)間；d.situation情況。根據(jù)空后的“theloyalaremisunderstoodwhilethemisunderstoodcannotstickout.”可知，此處指“以這種方式、這樣”，故a項(xiàng)正確。【點(diǎn)睛】本篇第7空d項(xiàng)watch的干擾性較大，有些同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為“父親讓我故意去監(jiān)視雁奴”而誤選此項(xiàng)，但根據(jù)下文中的“ipickedupapieceofstonefromthegroundandthrewitattheslave.”可知，我從地上撿起一塊石頭扔向雁奴，這說(shuō)明父親讓我故意去誘使那個(gè)雁奴發(fā)出警報(bào)，然后躲起來(lái)以觀察大雁有什么反應(yīng)，即：現(xiàn)在去故意讓那個(gè)雁奴發(fā)出警報(bào)，然后一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地躲在那里，故a項(xiàng)（start）正確。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下而材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。doyoulovethoseshoesbutcan'tdecidewhethertobuythebrown___41___theblue?inthenearfuture,youmaynothavetodecide.anewtechnologyfrommit'scomputerscienceandartificialintelligencelaboratory(csall)usesreprogrammableink___42___(change)thecolorofordinaryobjects.thesystem,named"photochromeleon",usesspecialdyesthatchangecolorwhen___43___(expose)touvlight."thisspecialtypeofdyewill___44___(able)averylargenumberofoptionsthatcouldimprovemanufacturingefficiencyandreduceoverallwaste,"___45___(say)csailpostdoctoralresearcheryuhuajin."userscouldpersonalizetheirbelongingsandappearanceonadailybasis,___46___theneedtobuythesameobjectmultipletimesindifferentcolorsandstyles."pastprojects___47___(involve)reversiblecolor-changetechnologyhaveonlybeenabletogofromtransparenttoonecolorandbackagain.photochromeleonisuniquebecauseitcanchangebetween___48___(color)."it'sinteresting,andit'sacoolidea,"sayswarrenjasper,aprofessoroftextileengineeringofthemitresearch."butforittobecomecommerciallyworkable,theresearcherswillneedtodealwithhowtokeepthecolorsfrom___49___(fade)inthesun.andiftheywanttoscaleup,they'llalsoneedtofind___50___moreenvironmentallyfriendlywaytogetridofthewaste."【答案】41.or42.tochange43.exposed44.enable45.says46.without47.involving48.colors49.fading50.a【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室的新技術(shù)——“光致變色”系統(tǒng)。【41題詳解】考查連詞。句意：你喜歡那雙鞋，但又決定不了買棕色的還是藍(lán)色的?根據(jù)句意可知“thebrown”與“theblue”之間是選擇關(guān)系，故填or?！?2題詳解】考查不定式。句意：麻省理工學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室的新技術(shù)使用可重新編程的墨水來(lái)改變普通物體的顏色。usesthtodo表示“使用某物去做某事”，故填tochange。【43題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意：這個(gè)名為“光致變色”的系統(tǒng)使用的是一種特殊染料，當(dāng)暴露在紫外線下時(shí)會(huì)變色。beexposedto表示“暴露于”，此處為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，完整形式為：whenitisexposedtouvlight，相當(dāng)于省略了itis，故填exposed。【44題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：省理工學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室博士后研究員金玉華表示：“這種特殊類型的染料將提供大量的選擇，可以提高生產(chǎn)效率，減少總體浪費(fèi)。”。此處缺少動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“averylargenumberofoptionsthatcouldimprovemanufacturingefficienc