2022普陀區(qū)高三一模英語試卷（考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分140分。請(qǐng)將答案填寫在答題紙上）ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Inalibrary.A.Haveameeting.B.Inastudyhall.B.Haveameal.C.Inarestaurant.C.Gotowork.D.Inafurniturestore.D.Dosomecooking.3.A.$5.B.$7.5.C.$10.D.$15.4.A.Tiring.B.Relaxing.C.Dull.D.Worthy.A.Thewoman’sbootsdon’tfitherfeet.Thewoman’spullovermatchesherboots.Thewomanshouldn’thaveworntheboots.Thewomanshouldbuythepulloverinsteadoftheboots.6.A.Workinginagarden.B.Searchinginaship.C.Wanderinginastreet.D.Exploringinacave.7.A.Discouraged.B.Annoyed.C.Impressed.D.Disturbed.A.Theclothesaremadefromplants.Themodelsarewearingrealleather.Themodelsaredressedupwithpineappleleaves.Theclothesaredesignedbysomebiologyscientists.A.Hewilladjusthisschedule.Hedoesn’tlikefootballlessons.Hewastoobusytotakethelessons.Hefindsthefootballfieldcrowded.A.Shemaygetataxrefundfortheskirt.Sheislikelytopaythebillbyherself.Shewillloseweighttofitintotheskirt.Shemaychangetheskirtforalargerone.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Long-distancerunnersshouldhavelight,thinbodies.Traininginmountainousregionsgivesrunnersadvantages.Manyfactorscontributetothesuccessofmarathonrunners.Runnersfrommountainousareasaregoodmarathoners.A.Efficientuseofoxygen. B.Motivationtorun.C.Slowbreathingrate. D.Lightandslimbodies.A.Theygivetrainerspositivefeedback.Theyseldomgetfinancialrewards.Theymostlyliveinpoorconditions.Theygainnationwidepopularity.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Thefirstcompletemapoftheworld’scoralreefshasbeenlaunched.ArizonaStateUniversityhassupportedthecoralscienceactivities.PaulAllen’sprivatecompanycreatedsupercoraltohelpsavereefs.GregAsnerwillcreatethefirstworldwide,detailedcoralreefmap.A.AresearcherfromArizonaStateUniversity.Thelateco-founderofMicrosoftCorporation.Themanagerofaprivatefinancialcompany.AprofessorfromtheUniversityofQueensland.A.Togainfreeaccesstoreefdata. B.TojoinAsner’steam.C.Tomaketheirworkmoreeffective. D.Toseethedevelopmentofthemaps.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversationA.Thediaryhisgrandfatherkept.Thestorieshisgrandfathertoldhim.Hisimaginationofhowhisgrandfatherworked.Hisobservationofhowhisgrandfatherworked.A.Repetitionofwordsandphrases. B.Scenerypaintedingreyandbrown.C.Longpauseswithinconversations. D.Coldatmosphereinthewaitingroom.A.Hecopeswellwithstress. B.Helikestohaveclearguidelines.C.Heispatientandcooperative. D.Hethinksheisagoodleader.hislines. Anequipmentfailure.C.Thewheelchairstuckonthestage. D.Theinjuryofacharacter.GrammarandvocabularyADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BillionairesRacetoSpaceInlateJuly2021,JeffBezosachievedanout-of-this-worldambition.ThebillionairefounderofAmazon（21）(fly)totheedgeofspace—62miles(100kilometers)aboveEarth’ssurface—onarocketdesignedbyhiscompanyBlueOrigin.“Bestdayever,”BezossaidovertheradiotomissioncontrolafterlandingsafelybackonEarth,(22)othersweren’tsoimpressed.Theycalledthemissionanenormouswasteofmoney.Bezos,theyargued,(23)bespendinghisbillionstoimprovethingsonEarth.Bezoswasn’tthefirstbillionairetosethissightsonspace.Norwashethefirst(24)(criticize)aboutwastingenormouspersonalwealth.Aweek(25)theAmazonfoundermadehistory,businessownerRichardBransondid,too.Bransonbecamethefirstpersontoflytospaceonarockethehelpedfund,(26)(develop)byhiscompanyVirginGalactic.Criticssaythatthemoney(27)(go)towardcommercialspacetravelwouldbebetterspenton(28)theyseeasmoreimportantpursuits.Theseincludeworkingtocurediseases,reducingpoverty,andhelpingtosolvetheclimatecrisis.Besides,launchingspacecraftsisharmfultotheplanet,criticsdeclare.(29)naturalistHollyHaworthpointedoutinSierramagazine,“travelinginrocketsisarguablythemostcarbon-emittingthinganindividualcando.”Butsupportersofcommercialspacetravelarguethatitdoesbenefithumanity.Personalfunds(30)(put)towardhigh-payingjobsandanewindustry.That’smoneytheycouldhavespentonnewlimousinesorvillasforthemselves,supporterssay.Plus,theircompaniesareinvestinginnewtechnologiesthatincreaseaccesstospaceanddriveinnovationinotherareasaswell.★★★☆☆21.achieved可知是在講述過去的事情，描述過去事實(shí)用一flew。22.考察狀語從句連接詞。句意為貝索斯認(rèn)為這是最好的一天，但其他人卻不為所動(dòng)，該空表轉(zhuǎn)折but。23.考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。因空后be為原型，故本空應(yīng)填助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為貝索斯應(yīng)該或者should/could。24.考察非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式。因本句有謂語動(dòng)詞was，所以應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。因前文有first，+todo，表示“第…個(gè)做…的（人）”hecriticize應(yīng)該tobecriticized。25.考察介詞。句意為“在亞馬遜創(chuàng)立者創(chuàng)造歷史之前的一周，商人布蘭森也做到了。”布蘭森before。26.考察非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞。本句謂語動(dòng)詞為became，因此本空為非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語為develop之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系developed。27.考察非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞。本句謂語動(dòng)詞為be，因此本空為非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語為go之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系going。28.考察名詞性從句的賓語從句。theyseeasmoreimportantpursuits為從句部分，在主句中做介See之后缺賓語，表示事物，因此填連接代詞what。29.。句意為“HaworthSierra雜志中指出的那樣，乘火箭旅行可”As表“正如”。30.考察謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。上下文都為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，講述當(dāng)今的現(xiàn)象，且為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意“個(gè)人資金正在/已經(jīng)被用于高薪工作和新產(chǎn)業(yè)?！币虼丝捎矛F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影havebeenput/arebeingput。詞匯積累out-of-this-world脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的setone’ssightson立定目標(biāo)driveinnovation驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新makehistory創(chuàng)造歷史SectionBA.displacedB.featureC.groupedD.A.displacedB.featureC.groupedD.headlinesE.houseF.inevitableG.neutralH.projectedI.solutionJ.sustainableK.withstandFloatingCities:TheWaveoftheFuture?byfloodwater.Thesedramaticscenesmade(31) 2021.Asmanyas40.5millionpeoplehavealreadybeen(32) bytheeffectsoftheclimatecrisis.Risingsealevels,alongwithextremeflooding,areputtingmoreandmorecoastalresidentsandothersatrisk.By2050,morethan1billionpeoplewillliveincountriesthatlackthebasicsystemsandservicesto(33) sea-levelrise,accordingtotheInstituteforEconomicsandPeace.Andalltheseclimaterefugeeswillneedtoseekoutnewhomesondryland.One(34) architectsandothershavebeenexploringwithmoreurgencyinrecentyearsistobuildfloatingcities.In2019,theUnitedNationsbroughttogetheragroupofinnovators,scientists,andmarineengineerstodiscussthefutureof(35) sea-basedcommunities.“Asourclimateandwaterecosystemsarechanging,thewayourcitiesrelatetowaterneedstochange,too,”saidU.N.DeputySecretary-GeneralAminaJ.Mohammed.“Floatingcitiesareameansofensuringclimateadaption,asbuildingscanrisealongwiththesea.”Thesecitiescanbedesignedasclimate(36) Theycantakeadvantageofplentifulwindandwaterpowerforelectricityandgrowfoodusinghydroponics水耕法).“Fromtraditionalhouseboatcommunitiestohigh-techexperiments,therearemanyexamplestolearnfrom,”sheadded.Someoftheseexperimentalfloatingcitiesarealreadyindevelopment.Anotherplannedcommunitythat’sattractingalotofattentionisOceanixCity,whichis(37) tohaveone-thirdofits118islandsbelowsealevelwithin60years.PlansforOceanixCity(38) groupsofhexagon-shaped(六邊形)islandspoweredbysolarandwaterislandwould(39) 300people;theislandswouldbe(40) togetherincommunitiesofabout10,000residents.Oceanixcitizenswoulddrinkprocessedoceanwaterandextractedhumidityfromtheair,anddineonareadysupplyofseafood.難度等級(jí)★★★★☆31.D.headlinesn.頭條句首的these指代前面的兩個(gè)“例子”，本句是概括，引出本文要討論的“氣候變化”這個(gè)話題。根據(jù)后文也推測(cè)不出上下文有什么邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。調(diào)整思路，考慮到本段描述現(xiàn)象，結(jié)合猜測(cè)make后跟個(gè)名詞的組合，看到headlines頭條”。32.A.displacedvt.迫使...離開家園引出的，再往下看coastalresidentsatrisk，推測(cè)出住在海邊的人有被淹的危險(xiǎn)，所以得搬離。33.Kwithstandvt.經(jīng)受住本空所在部分是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作basicsystemsandservices的后置定語，表功能，結(jié)合上文（flooding）和下文（sea-levelrise），可知是能夠“抵御”海平面上升。34.Isolutionn.解決方法乍看以為是修飾architects的，其實(shí)很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)不是，本空是exploringistobuild可知，本句（段）開始講解決方法。35.J.sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的本空修飾sea-basedcommunities，往后看得知城市的建設(shè)會(huì)隨著天氣的變化而變化，一直跟著變并不是長期有效的辦法，所以要將其直接造成“可持續(xù)的”來應(yīng)對(duì)各種變化。36.的；不引起變化的本空并不好選，個(gè)人是在后面的選好后回過來推測(cè)的。所以可先看后面幾空。。。在后面的選完后，還剩下A和F，此時(shí)便容易很多，有幾個(gè)思路，比如如果是inevitable的話，那就不需要特別design，不選，或因?yàn)楸径我苍谥v解決方法，inevitable也不是個(gè)積極的詞，等等。個(gè)人是從下文的takeadvantageof推測(cè)出，這里要表達(dá)“盡管極端天氣本身是負(fù)面的，但也可以u(píng)seittoouradvantage”，變成好事，正負(fù)抵消，即中性的。37.Hprojectedvt.預(yù)計(jì)City，2）be~todo的結(jié)構(gòu)，3）within60years是將來的概念，應(yīng)該是表達(dá)“可能/估計(jì)”有那么多。38.B.featurevt.以...為特色/主要內(nèi)容本句的謂語動(dòng)詞，本段后面都是woulddo的時(shí)態(tài)，那么本空應(yīng)該是原形，再根據(jù)主語是plans，賓語是groupsofislands，可以聯(lián)想到是這樣的計(jì)劃包含/涉及各種島嶼的組合，反過來說島嶼的組合是這樣的計(jì)劃的組成部分。39.Ehousevt.為...提供住所islandpeoplewould后面用原形，可以聯(lián)想到是島上會(huì)住這么多人。40.C.groupedvt.將...分類/分組本句前有分號(hào)，意味著跟前文有一定關(guān)聯(lián)，結(jié)合前文的300people10,000residents，再根據(jù)islands的復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及together一詞，可以推測(cè)將多個(gè)島嶼組合起來融合成一個(gè)大的社區(qū)。詞語積累putsb.atrisk將（某人）置于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中seekoutnewhomes尋求新家園ameansofdoingsth.做（某事）的方式/手段takeadvantageofsth.利用（某事物）beprojectedtodo預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)（如何）areadysupplyofsth.現(xiàn)成的（某事物）ReadingComprehensionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Imaginesittinginsideawindowlesstrainthat’sshootingthroughatubeattwicethespeedofanairplane.Yourtrainhasnowheels,producesno41,makesitsownelectricity,andisn’taffectedbybadweather.Thisisthehyperloop,anewvisionfortheworld’s42,safest,andgreenestformoftransportation.Manyhave43thisnewtechnology,butotherssaythehyperloopvisionisjustabunchofhotair.Hyperloopdevelopersplantousethepropertiesofmagnetstofloat,stabilize,anddrivethecapsulesorpodsforhundredsofmilesthrough44tubes.Withoutairorgroundtoslowdownthevehicles,whatwasonceafive-hourjourneywouldbecomeahalf-hourexcursion,engineerspromise.thetechnologypromoteadditional45oftransportingpassengersandcargobyhyperloop.Forexample,theyfirmlystatethatunlikeothercity-to-citytransportthat’s46,suchasplanesortrains,hyperloopvehicleswouldleaveasneeded,likeUbersandtaxis.Whilethe47wouldholdonly28to50passengerseach,developersplanforthemtodepartstationsingroupseveryminuteorsowhichtheysaycouldamounttoshuttling50,000peopleanhour.That’smorethantwicethepassenger48oftheworld’sfastesttrains.Developersalsosaythathyperlooptubeswouldbe49sotheywouldn’tinterferewithothertrafficorthreatenwildlife.Andtubeswouldbecoveredwithsolarpanelstopowerthehyperloop’ssystems.50,advocatesregardthehyperloopasthetransportationchoiceforthefuture.Butnoteveryoneisonboard.Engineershavecalculatedthatthehigh-speedvehicleswillneedtomakemuchwiderturnsthancurrentlyenvisioned,andotherwisetheywon’tbe51forpassengers.Thiswouldaddseveralmilestotheproposedtubetracks.Engineersalsosayplannershaven’tincludedenoughtimeforvehiclestosafelybrakeandtakeoffatstations.Someengineersbelieveitwilltakemuchlongerthanclaimedtopumpthe52outofthetubesbeforeeachvehicle’sdeparture.Criticsthussayhyperloopscan’tgoasfastorserveasmanypassengersperhourasadvertised,makingthem53existinghigh-speedtransportationoptions.saythey’re54theseconcerns.Theyclaimthattheycansafelymaintainhighspeedsbyhavingthevehiclesbankaroundtheturnsasaplanedoes.Andtheirhyperloopswillrelyonthesplit-secondreactiontimesofacomputerto55vehiclesquickly,frequently,andsafely.41.A.pollutionB.soundC.energyD.wind42.A.cleanestB.lightestC.latestD.fastest43.A.adaptedB.exploitedC.embracedD.developed44.A.totallyhollowB.nearlyairlessC.steadilynarrowD.highlyflexible45.A.advantagesB.costsC.qualitiesD.situations46.A.inconstantdemandsB.onstricttimetablesC.inchangeablestatesD.onessentialservices47.A.cabinsB.lorriesC.tubesD.vehicles48.A.fareB.capacityC.speedD.comfort49.A.undergroundB.parallelC.elevatedD.shared50.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesideD.Otherwise51.A.availableB.economicC.easyD.safe52.A.forceB.airC.heatD.water53.A.mostpopularofB.superiortoC.nobetterthanD.leastprofitableof54.A.addressingB.causingC.voicingD.releasingA.ride B.pilot C.park D.alert難度等級(jí)★★★☆☆41.greenest可知，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生空氣污染A.42.D.這里要填寫的是關(guān)于這個(gè)超級(jí)高鐵的性能，根據(jù)上文提到的速度是飛機(jī)的兩倍快，可見其速度之快D.43.轉(zhuǎn)折。根據(jù)后問說的一些人認(rèn)為這個(gè)超級(jí)高鐵只是一堆空態(tài)度是不支持，所以前面是支持的態(tài)度C.44.根據(jù)后文沒有空氣和地面tube里面是沒有什么空氣B.45.A.這段話都是支持者說的，所以要填肯定的，積極的詞。從后問舉例來看，都是在講這個(gè)超級(jí)高鐵的優(yōu)點(diǎn)A.46.B.根據(jù)句意超級(jí)高鐵在有需要的時(shí)候就可以發(fā)車，像Ubers和的士，那么與之對(duì)比的飛機(jī)和火車的特點(diǎn)是根據(jù)時(shí)間表發(fā)車的，所以選B.47.D.根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該是這個(gè)超級(jí)高鐵能裝載28到50名乘客，文章對(duì)超級(jí)高鐵的描述是D.48.B.capacity（容量）。49.C.開發(fā)者說超級(jí)高鐵管道會(huì)被升高，這樣就不會(huì)妨礙C.50.B.前文都是說支持者列舉的超級(jí)高鐵的好處，因此支持者說超級(jí)高鐵是未來的選擇，故選B.51.D.跟據(jù)前文，工程師已經(jīng)計(jì)算出，超級(jí)高鐵將需要比目前設(shè)想的大得多的轉(zhuǎn)彎，因此對(duì)乘不太安全D.52.B.tube是沒有什么空氣的，所以這里反對(duì)者說每次發(fā)車前把空氣抽出來要B.53.C.C.54.A.55.B.根據(jù)句意，他們將依靠計(jì)算機(jī)的瞬間反應(yīng)時(shí)間來快速地，頻繁地，安全地駕駛車輛，故B.詞語積累abunchofhotair一堆空話excursionn.短途旅行pumpv.用泵抽運(yùn)水，空氣等pilotv.駕駛SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)FridaKahlowasoneofthemostinfluentialLatinAmericanfiguresofthe20thcentury.AsthedaughterofaGermanfatherandaMexicanmother,shewasbornonJuly6,1907.ShegrewupinCoyoacan,ontheoutskirtsofMexicoCity.Whenshewasseven,aviraldiseasecalledpoliomadeherverysick,weakeningthemusclesinherrightleg.Whileinschool,KahlowitnessedanumberofbloodystrugglesbetweenarmedgroupsinMexicoCityduringtheMexicanRevolution.Itwasessentiallyafightforbetterlivingconditionsforthedisadvantaged.BecauseofherexperiencesinMexicoCity,Kahlobecameastrongsupporterofpeasants’rights.Later,in1925,shewasinabusaccidentthatbrokeherbackbone,dislocatedhershoulder,andcausedotherterribleinjuries.Torelievetheboredomofrecoveryandtohelpdealwiththepainandsadnessoftheaccident,shebegantopaint.Inherpaintings,Kahloreallyexploredheridentity.Herworkdealswithherstatusasawoman,hermixedancestry,herturbulentmarriagetoMexicancommunistpainterDiegoRivera,thepainofherinjuries,andhercommitmenttorevolutionarypolitics.Manypeopleconsiderherpaintingsexamplesofsurrealism,sincemuchofwhatshepaintedwasfantastical,butherselfasurrealist.Kahlo’sworkisuniquebecauseshetookthebrightcolorsanddramaticsymbolismofMexicancultureandcombinedthemwithtraditionsfromEuropeanart.Inthemostfamouspaintingcalled“TwoFridas,”shepaintstwoversionsofherself,oneintraditionalMexicanclothesandanotherinEuropeanclothesofanearliercentury.Avein(靜脈)connectstheheartsofthetwowomen,andbloodisdrippingoutfromoneend.ThiswaspaintedjustaftersheandRiveragotdivorced.Ifyoulookclosely,youcanseethattheMexicanKahloholdsaportraitofRivera.SymbolssuchastheexposedheartsandstormyskysuggestthepainthatKahlofeltCheckouthowoneoftheheartsisbroken,andtheotherone’swhole.SheseemstobesuggestingthatRiveraonlylovedtheMexicanpartofhers.Inalotofways,Kahlohadanunhappylife.Shediedwhenshewasonly47yearsold.Herartisfilledwithsadness,butitalsoexpressesprideinherMexicanheritageandthejoyofbeingawoman.WhatledKahlotosupporttherightsofpoorlaborers?ThefactthatherfatherwasaGermanmigrantlaborer.Thetimeshespentworkingasalaborerduringthe1920s.HermarriagetotheMexicannationalistpainterDiegoRivera.HerexperiencesinMexicoCityduringtheMexicanRevolution.thefollowingeventsintimeorder:①Kahlowashurtinabusaccident;②KahlowitnessedtheMexicanRevolution;beganpainting.A.①②③ B.②①③ C.②③① D.③①②Theunderlinedword“turbulent”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans .artisticallywell-matched B.fantasticandextremelylovingC.filledwithdramaticupsanddowns D.verypoliticallyconsciousHowwereFridaKahlo’spaintingssimilartothoseofthesurrealists?Theybothfocusedongenderidentity.Theybothpromotedsocialistpolitics.Theybothcontaineddreamlikeimagery.TheybothcombinedMexicanandEuropeanart.(B)AussieWalkaboutExperienceGobehindthescenesatAucklandZooandcomeeyetoeyewithsomeofourAustralianGobehindthescenesatAucklandZooandcomeeyetoeyewithsomeofourAustralianneighbours.Cometothezoobeforeopeninghoursandexperiencethemorningsightsandsounds.HelpthekeepersfeedthekangaroosandkoalaintheAussieWalkaboutandtakebreakfasttoawidevarietyofbirds.Alpydynd.relhudnr.eslerorddontoaomplimntayC,hichyouillrivetthetouronlusion.Acldfre.PricingFamily:$220(2adults,2minors)Adult:$80Minor(6-15years):$40

TourdatesandtimesTheAussieWalkabouttourrunsonThursday,FridayandSaturday––departingfromtheInformationCentreat8:00am.Thistourisapproximatelyanhourandahalfinduration––finishingat9:30.Importantthingstoknow: pfrotrlle. erttiiislfyriifeytaiiynyl.alt. ullruisxthtistssoI.sscsi.lrstFrm) rllsssiielitiis. eorllsllrlg.ArrivaldetailsParticipantsmustarriveatthezooby8:00am.Ifyouarriveafterthistimetherewillbenoopportunitytojointhegroup,sopleaseensureyouallowenoughtimefortravellingandparkinginthecarparkneartheentrance.Yourguidewillgivethegroupaninitialpersonalsafetybriefingbeforethetourstarts.Participantsshouldnotethisiscompulsory.Alltheparticipantsarerequiredto .payforthephotosrecordedontoaCDattendatalkonsecuritybeforethetourpickuptheguideinthecarparkneartheentranceassistinthefeedingofdifferentspeciesduringthetourIfacouplewiththeirchildren,aged5,8,and10wanttotakepartinthisactivity,howmuchwilltheypay?A.$220. B.$230. C.$260. D.$270.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothebrochure?Thereisafreecarparkforvisitorstothezoo.Latecomerswillbegrantedentrytothenexttour.Aminimumoffourpeoplearepermittedoneachtour.Thetourtakesplacewhenthezooisclosedtothepublic.(C)Fewerthan400NorthAtlanticrightwhalesremaininthewild,andnoteven100ofthemarebreedingfemales.Theirbiggestsurvivalthreatsareboatstrikesandgettingcaughtinfishinggear.Protectingthesewhales,suchasbyturningboatsfromdangerousencounters,requirespositioningthemmorereliably--andnewtechnology,describedintheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica,couldhelpmakethatpossible.Tolistenformarinelife,researchersofteninstallunderwatermicrophonescalledhydrophonesonbuoys(浮標(biāo))androboticgliders滑翔機(jī)Therecordedaudioischangedintospectrogramsvisualrepresentationsofsoundusedtopreciselyrecognize,forinstance,specificwhalespecies’calls.Butthosedistinctivesoundsareoftendrownedoutbyothernoise.Inrecentyearsresearchershaveusedamachine-learningtechniquecalleddeeplearningtoautomatethisanalysis,butbackgroundsoundsstillblockreliability.Nowresearchershavetrainedtwodeep-learningmodelsspecificallytocutthroughthenoise.Theystartedbygivingthemodelsthousandsof“clean”spectrogramswithonlyNorthAtlanticrightwhalecalls.Thentheyslowlyaddedinthousandsofspectrogramsmixedwithtypicalbackgroundsounds,suchastankerengines.Theprogramcansuccessfullyturnnoisyspectrogramsintocleanones,reducingfalsealarmsandhelpingspotwhalesbeforetheyreachdangerousareas,thescientistssay.ShyamMadhusudhana,aCornellUniversitydataengineer,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,sayshewouldwanttoseeifsuchmodelscouldbeusedtolocateothermarinemammals(哺乳動(dòng)物),too.“Humpbackwhalesanddolphinshavemuchmorecomplexspeechpathwaysthantherightwhale,”henotes.AndUniversityofEastAngliamachine-learningresearcherBenMilner,oneofthestudy’sauthors,wantstotakethistechnologyabovewateraswell--toUkrainianforests,wherehehopestoidentifyanimalsnearthesiteofthe1986Chernobyldisaster.UniversityofSt.AndrewsbehavioralecologistPeterTyack,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthisnewsystemshouldbeusedtofigureoutwherewhalesarethroughouttheyear,sothattheseareascanbeprotected.“Intermsofestimatingthedensityandthenumberofthesewhalesinplaceswhereit’shardtoseethem,”Petersays,“thistechnologycouldbefantastic.”Buthewarnsthatitshouldnotbetheonlyapproachtopreventingshipstrikes.Inhiswork,TyackhasfoundthatNorthbesilentforhoursatatime--sopassivesoundmonitoringcouldeasilymissone.Andkillingjustafew,headds,“couldleadtoextinctionofthepopulation.”newtechnologydotohelpprotecttheNorthAtlanticrightwhales?Locatingtherightwhalesprecisely.Turningboatstoencountertherightwhales.Guidingtherightwhalesawayfromfishingboats.Positioningfishingboatsreliablyandthusdeadlystrikes.Whatisamajorcontributionofdeep-learningmodelstoreducingbackgroundnoises?Theyturnoffthenearbyalarmsthatmaycreatebackgroundnoises.Theycaneliminatedisturbancesshownonaspectrogramsheet.Theyaddthousandsofmixedsoundssuchasvehicleengines.Theycanpreventwhalesfromreachingdangerousareas.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat .ShyamandBenarebothscientistsatdifferentuniversitieswhoknoweachotherwellallofthethreescientistsconsidertheextendeduseofthetechnologycouldfacechallengesShyamandBenbothhopethatthedeeplearningmodelcangobeyonditscurrentapplicationPeterthinksthetechnologyshouldhavebeenusedtofigureoutwhereit’shardtoseethewhalesWhichoneofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?LatestTechsonMarineLifesavingSavetheRightWhalebyNoise-cuttingHuman’sEyesScientists’RoleinSavingWhales難度等級(jí)★★★☆☆63.2-32句話說明：這些鯨魚最大的生存威脅是被船只撞擊和被漁具纏住。第3句話說明：現(xiàn)在有一項(xiàng)新的技術(shù)可以更可靠地定位鯨魚，讓船只遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，不去撞擊它們，這樣就可以保護(hù)鯨魚。故選擇A。文本中的Alocating都是定位的意思。B、D都不是保護(hù)鯨魚，C是引導(dǎo)鯨魚遠(yuǎn)離船只。64.考察細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第三段。本題是對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)如何減少背景噪音提供“干凈”光譜圖的具體介紹。關(guān)鍵在第4句：該項(xiàng)目可以成功地將嘈雜的光譜圖轉(zhuǎn)換為干凈的光譜圖，減少誤定位它們。Beliminatedisturbancesshownonasheet“消除光譜圖上顯示的干擾”4句。B。C選項(xiàng)表示的是為了turnoffthenearbyalarmsreducingfalsealarms。D選項(xiàng)不符合文意。65.A：在4段ShyamandBen是不同大學(xué)的科學(xué)家但沒有說明他們兩個(gè)是彼此很熟悉的。選項(xiàng)B：這三位科學(xué)家并不是每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為該技術(shù)的長期使用可能Peter提出來擔(dān)憂。D：在5Peter建議這個(gè)新系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該被用來找出全年鯨魚在何處，而不是選項(xiàng)中“最難看到鯨魚的地方”。在第4段Shyamand都希望這個(gè)技術(shù)可以應(yīng)用到其他領(lǐng)域保護(hù)其他動(dòng)物。C。66.選擇最合適的題目就是考察全文主旨。本文是介紹了通過消除周圍噪音，精準(zhǔn)定位而保護(hù)北大西洋露脊鯨的新技術(shù)。首先排除C、D。AMarine4段科學(xué)家B符合全文主旨。詞語積累survivalthreats生存威脅getcaughtin陷入dangerousencounters危險(xiǎn)遭遇drownout淹沒（聲音）automatethisanalysis自動(dòng)執(zhí)行此分析cutthroughthenoise消除噪音figureout弄清楚intermsof依據(jù)SectionCThereisenoughevidencetosupportthemotivationalbenefitsthatresultfromcarefullymatchingpeopletojobs.Forthosewhosejobsaresecure,payincreasesarerarelypossible.HighachieversaremotivatedbyjobsthatareThereisenoughevidencetosupportthemotivationalbenefitsthatresultfromcarefullymatchingpeopletojobs.Forthosewhosejobsaresecure,payincreasesarerarelypossible.Highachieversaremotivatedbyjobsthatarehighinindependenceandresponsibility.Unfortunately,theyaretheonestheorganizationcanleastaffordtolose—thosewiththehighestskillsandexperience.Theanswertothatdependsonperceptionsofgoalacceptanceandtheorganization’sculture.Managersmustbesure,therefore,thatemployeesfeelconfidentthattheireffortscanleadtoperformancegoals.MotivatingEmployeesunderUnfavourableConditionsItisagreatdealeasiertomotivateemployeesinagrowingorganizationthanadecliningone.Whenorganizationsareexpanding,promotionalopportunities,payrises,andtheexcitementofbeingassociatedwithadynamicorganizationcreatefeelingsofoptimism.Whenanorganizationisshrinking,thebestandmostmobileworkersarelikelytoleavevoluntarily.67Theminoremployeesremainbecausetheirjoboptionsarelimited.Morale(士氣)alsosuffersduringdecline.Peoplefeartheymaybethenexttobemadeunnecessary.Productivityoftensuffers,asemployeesspendtheirtimesharingrumoursandprovidingoneanotherwithmoralsupportratherthanfocusingontheirjobs.68Paycuts,unheardofduringtimesofgrowth,mayevenbeimposed.Thechallengetomanagementishowtomotivateemployeesundersuchspecialconditions.69Forexample,ifthejobisrunningasmallbusinessoranautonomousunitwithinalargerbusiness,highachieversshouldbesought.Highachieverswilldobestwhenthejobprovidesmoderatelychallenginggoalsandwherethereisindependenceandfeedback.Theliteratureongoal-settingtheorysuggeststhatmanagersshouldensurethatallemployeeshavespecificgoalsandreceivecommentsonhowwelltheyaredoinginthosegoals.Regardlessofwhethergoalsareachievableorwellwithinmanagement’sperceptionsoftheemployee’sability,ifemployeesseethemasunachievabletheywillreducetheireffort.70Sinceemployeeshavedifferentneeds,managersshouldusetheirknowledgeofeachemployeetopersonalizetherewardsoverwhichtheyhavecontrol.Someofthemoreobviousrewardsthatmanagersallocateincludepay,promotionsandtheopportunitytoparticipateingoal-settinganddecision-making.難度等級(jí)★★★☆☆67考察段內(nèi)邏輯。首段對(duì)比了雇員在成長中公司和在衰落的公司中不同的表現(xiàn)。前一句，“當(dāng)一個(gè)公司處于逐步萎縮的狀態(tài)時(shí)，最優(yōu)秀、流動(dòng)性最強(qiáng)的員工很可能會(huì)自愿離開。 .小部分員工留下來是因?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ鬟x擇范圍有限?！蓖诳盏牟糠值膬?nèi)容應(yīng)該與前一句的內(nèi)容相關(guān)，講述這些優(yōu)秀員工的相關(guān)內(nèi)容或者這樣的結(jié)果對(duì)公司的影響。故選D。68考察段內(nèi)邏輯。本段承接第一段尾句關(guān)于留下的小部分員工的內(nèi)容，“…士氣受挫，員工工作效率往往會(huì)受到影響，因?yàn)閱T工們花時(shí)間分享謠言，互相提供精神支持，而不是專注于自己的工作。 .甚至可能遭遇在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長時(shí)期聞所未聞的減薪?！北径沃饕v述留下員工所面臨的難題。由前后兩句內(nèi)容可知，應(yīng)是關(guān)于員工的艱難境況的負(fù)向意義內(nèi)容。根據(jù)后一句中的even，可推知可能描述薪資未有起色，B選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容“對(duì)于那些工作穩(wěn)定的人來說，加薪幾乎是不可能的?！惫时绢}選B。6969空是本段的論點(diǎn)，尋找概括性內(nèi)容；其次，內(nèi)容是小公司或者大公司獨(dú)立部門最好尋找highachiever作為首選對(duì)象因?yàn)楫?dāng)工作內(nèi)容具有挑會(huì)完成的更好。AC，由于其不滿足第一個(gè)條件。7070Summary，尋找概括性內(nèi)容；其次內(nèi)容是manager要盡可能確保所有員工都有具體目標(biāo)并鼓勵(lì)員工，一旦員工認(rèn)為目標(biāo)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)，他們就會(huì)減少努力。F選項(xiàng)中的therefore符合第一個(gè)條件；內(nèi)容為“因此，管理者必F。詞語積累unfavourableConditions不利條件autonomousadj.自主的，獨(dú)立的adynamicorganization具有活力的組織highachievers成就卓越者productivityn.生產(chǎn)力unachievable難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的beimposedon把…強(qiáng)加于withinone’sperceptions在某人的認(rèn)知內(nèi)SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.CanBirdsongMakeYouHappier？Ifyouareabletostepoutsideandhearmanytypesofbirds,youmightalsohaveagreaterfeelingofwell-being.Twostudiesshowthathearingdiversebirdsongsmayhelpincreaseourhappiness.OnestudywasdonebytheresearchersatCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity.TheteamstudiedtheeffectsofbirdsongonpeoplewalkingthroughaparkintheU.S.stateofColorado.DanielleFerraro,wholedtheCalPolystudy,saysthattherecouldbeanevolutionaryreasonwhywelikebirdsong.Theideaisthatwhenwehearbirdsongitcouldsignalsafetytous.Therecouldbemanyotherreasonstoo.Ferrarostatesthatinsomeareasaroundtheworldbirdsongcanalsosignalthearrivalofspringandniceweather.Birddiversity,sheadds,canalsomeanahealthyenvironment.Similarly,scientistsinGermanyexaminedforthefirsttimewhetheradiversenaturealsoincreaseshumanwell-beingacrossEurope.TheresearcherslookedattheEuropeanQualityofLifeSur