2021-2022學(xué)年上海市復(fù)旦大學(xué)附中高一（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷I.ListeningComprehension（1*20=20分）SectionADirections：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper*anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.（1分）A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.（1分）A.4：35.：55.C.6：30.D.4：20.（1分）A.Atabeach.B.Inajungle.C.Inazoo.D.Inalibrary.（1分）A.Inabookstore.B.Inastationerystore.C.Inafoodstore.D.Inaflowerstore.（1分）A.Clearherhousewhilesheisaway.B.Buysomeplantsandtakecareofthem.C.Waterherplantswhilesheisaway.D.Waterherplantswhileheisnotatwork.（1分）A.Shelikeseatingvegetables.B.Shehopesthemanwilleatmorevegetables.C.Shethinksthemanneedssomehelp.D.Sheconsidersphysicalexerciseuselesstotheman'shealth.（1分）A.Thewomangotlost.B.Themanwastellingsomethingaboutthewoman,sdog.C.Thewomanwasworriedabouthermissingdog.D.Themanlefthome3daysago.（1分）A.Hethinkstheyarecruelandfierce.B.Helikesthem.C.Hethinkstheyareaspowerfulasaking.D.Hethinkstheyarealwaysmakingaliving.（1分）A.Hehatesflowers.B.Heisallergictolilies.C.Hedoesn*tthinktheylookpureandpleasant.D.Hehassomeotherfavouriteflowers.(1分)A.It'smoreinterestingthanstayingathome.B.Ifsnotaplaceworthvisitingtogether.C.ltmaywastetoomuchtimetovisittheBotanicalGarden.D.ThereisabsolutelynoattractionattheBotanicalGarden.SectionBDirections：InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice?butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.(3分)(1)A?Abasket.Anegg.Acup.Anoven.A.Toletinthesunshine.Toserveasitsdoor.Tokeepthenestcool.Forthebirdtolayeggs.A.Somearebuiltunderground.Someusepearsastheirnests.Mostaresewedwithgrasses.Mostaredriedbythesun.12.(3分)(1)A.Educationofchildren.B.Savingrareanimals.C.Recreatinganenvironment.D.Makingaprofit.A.Theythinkanimalsinzoosmakevisitorsstressful.B.Theythinkanimalsinzoosmustlivetheirlivesincages.C.Theythinkanimalsinzooscanfeelboredandsad.D.Theythinkanimalsinzoosareindangerofextinction.A.Theyarestillusefulandnecessary.B.Theyhavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.C.Theyareaperfectenvironmentforanimals.D.Theyarerecreationalplacesforanimals.(4分)(1)A.Waystoimprovetestresults.B.Placestogoifgivenholidays.C.Differentculturesintheworld.D.Languagespokeninvariouscountries.A.IthasabigcitynamedMumbai.B.ItislocatedinSouthPacific.C.ItslanguageisSpanish.D.ItscapitalisPerth.A.Heisweakatgeographybuthasgotasatisfactorygrade.B.Hedidn*tthinkitwasunusualforhimtogetsuchresults.C.Heknewwhobelievedhewasactuallygoodatgeography.D.Hedidn'texpectthathisclassmateswoulddoubthisresults.A.Sheisgoodatmaths.B.Shclookeddownonthemanfbrhispoorgeography.C.Thegradeshegotingeographyliveduptoherexpectation.D.Sheisgoingtotraveltogetherwithherfriendsinthecomingwinterholiday.GrammarandVocabulary(1*50=50分)SectionADirections：BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z(1分)AlfredNobel'sfamouswill,heleftmoneytoprovideprizesfbroutstandingworkinphysics,chemistry,etc.,isamemorialtohisinterest.( )A.inthat B.when C.which D.inwhich(1分)Whodoesn'thatehim knowshowcruelheis?( )A.whom B.who C.that D.as(1分)WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesoftheU.S.,thefirstcomesintomindisNewYork.( )A.one B.that C.which D.ofthem(1分)Wearecommittedtocreatingaworld,freefromthehomelessandthehopeless,aTOC\o"1-5"\h\zworld,everycomerisatrueparadise.( )A.fromwhereB.ofwhich C.that D.which(1分)Adults,overlyconcernedwithfameandfortune,sometimesfailtoseethejoyinsimplethingschildrendonot.( )A.unless???but B.although???andC.when???where D.evenif???unless(1分)priceswhichmakeowningandrunningmanyelectricvehiclesascheapasfossil-fuelalternatives,andanewpathwillbe.( )A.Set??,opened B.Setting??,openedC.Toset??,opening D.Tosetting??,opening(1分)LinaBelLtheDisney'snewpinkfbxcharacterrecentlytoDuffy&FriendstoylineatShanghaiDisneyland，hasgoneviralamongChineseconsumers，withnetizensitsmeet-and-greetsvideosinDisneyresort.( )wasintroduced??,spreadintroduced---spreadinghavingbeenintroduced??,spreadingintroducing??,tospread(1分)fromerrorsandwhatwentwronginthepreviousresearchstudieswillgoalongwaytoforexcellence.( )Learning??,someonestrivingTolearn??,beingstrivenTolearn??,someonebeingstrivenLearning??,strive(1分)Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.( )A.weigh B.weighedC.weighing D.beingweighed23.(1分)Weapowerfulsenseoflosswhenfindingsomespeciesareextinct,never.( )can'thelpbutfeel??,toreturncan*thelpfeel,?,toreturncan*thelpfeeling---tobereturnedcan'thelptofeel??,returningTOC\o"1-5"\h\z(1分)Thebeautifulandcharmingsonghasbeenheardmanytimestoday.( )A.tobroadcast B.beingbroadcastC.broadcasting D.broadcast(1分)Attractedbytheadvertisement,manypeoplehavehighexpectationsofthemusicalcatsnextmonth.( )A,puton B.havingbeenputonC?toputon D.tobeputon(1分)aboutthreemetersinheight,Bigfoot?thegiganticape-likecreature?startedtocausepublicpanicafterbycamera.( )Measured??,beingcapturedBeingmeasured---itiscapturedMeasuring??,beingcapturedHavingmeasured???captured(1分)Whenpaintedandfurnishedwithfurniture,.( )wefoundagreatnewrestaurantneartheflatyouwillfeelmorecomfortablelivinginthehousethehousewillbeusedforanurserywecanselltheapartmentformuchmoremoney(1分)MotoriststotheradioortheirfamiliartunesonCDsmayhaveanewwaytoentertainthemselves,afterengineersinJapandevelopedamusicalroadsurface.( )usedtolisteningwhousedtolistenwhousedtolisteningwhoareusedtolisten(1分)Inthewhirlingsnow?thesoldierstoodsteadilyinfrontofthegate,.( )agunbeinginwhosehandaguninhandagunwasinhishandwithaguninhishand(1分)Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool>theirlessonsfortheday.( )A.finishing B.finishedC.hadfinished D.werefinished(1分)inthescandaLaccordingtoarecentreport,isbelievedtheprimereasonfortheyoungsenatortogiveuphispoliticalcareer.( )Involved??,tohavebeenBeinginvolved??,tobeInvolving??,tobeTobeinvolved??,tohavebeen(1分)Sheheadedtowardsthebalcony,thecurtain,andopenedthewindowtoletthesunshinecomethroughthewindows.( )drawing??,streamingdrawn??,tobestreamingdrew,?,streaminghavingdrawn??,tobestreaming(1分)togooutalone,theretiredpresidenthadtogoforawalkwithseveralbodyguardshim.( )Havingwarnednot??,followedNotbeingwarned??,accompaniedNotwarned??,tofollowWarnednot??,accompanying(1分)Researcherswhohavebeenworkingonnon-aviandinosaursweresurprisedtoseeanembryobeautifullyinsideadinosauregg,inabird-likeposture.( )A.preserving…laying B.reserving??,sittingC.preserved??,lying D.reserved??,seated35.(1分)Nomattertheinternationalsituationchanges?China-PerurelationshaveamomentumofsteadydevelopmentandbecometheHfront-runner**inChina-LatinAmericarelations.( )A.what??,performed B./???stagedC.that??,celebrated D.how??,maintained(1分)BytheendoflastDecember,theNationalAquaticCenter,alsotheMWaterCube”，intoan"IceCube"fortheupcomingBeijingWinterOlympics.( )A.wasreferredtoas??,transformedB.referredtoas???wastransformedC.wasreferredtoas??,beingtransformedD.referredtoas??,hadbeentransformed.(1分)Procrastinationcanoftenposetopeople'sabilitytheirgoalssuccessfully,whichisevident,fbrexample,inthefactthatitisassociatedwithreceivingworsegradesatschool.( )aquestion??,ofpursuinganobstacle…topursueadilemma??,topursueahindrance??,topursuing(1分)MoremistakeswillbemadeifyouarebecausethepressureoftheclockcanTOC\o"1-5"\h\zbecomeextremelyintenseandkillyourproductivity.( )A.rushed B.replaced C.rewarded D.restored(1分)Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation?processwhatyouropponentisdoingandevaluatethebestmoveallyouroptions.( )A.sincebefore B.fromamongC.exceptfbr D.untilafter40.(1分)Lackofmutualnotonlygetsinthewayofyourwork，butitcanalso yourrelationshipsandyourself-esteem.( )A.comment??,differrespect??,damagebenefit,?,destroyexpectation??,decorate(1分)Butsincetestscoresstillgaokao(collegeentranceexam),itmaybedifficulttocompletely privatetutoringinstitutionsthathelpstudentscramforexams.( )A.deliver??,wrapup B.decide,?,sticktoC.dominate???rootout D.depend??,throwout42.(1分)Therewillbemuchjoyinfamilyreuniondinners,aseldershavethechanceto,andseethewonderofthefestiveseasonthroughtheeyesofyoungergenerations.( )A.reconnect??,awake B.reflect??,aflameC.relate???afresh D.reminisce??,anew(1分)ZhangFuqing,awarhero,haskeptalowprofileandtohisoriginalheartdespitethegreatcontributionshehasmadethenationformorethan60years.( )stayedtrue,?,tostayedput??,aroundstayedpractical??,forstayedrooted,??ofSectionBDirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,tillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks>useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(10分)It*scommonlybelievedthatanewyearshouldbeafreshstart.Manymayhavegeareduptostart(1)resolutionsatthebeginningofthenewyear.Butisittherightdecision?ArecentstudyfoundthatJanuaryisnotthebesttimeformostpeople(2)(make)resolutions.Thismonth,peopleintheNorthernHemispherewillexperiencelongernighttimeandshorterdaytime, (3)(mean)lesssunlight."Weknowthatwhensunlightentersthevisualsystem?itactivatesneuralcircuits(神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò))that(4)(associate)withanumberofpsychologicalstates,"TimBono,apsychologistatWashingtonUniversity,US,toldtheDailyMail.nSuchlimitedexposuretodirectsunlightcantakeaheavytoll(帶來(lái)重倉(cāng)ij)(5)ouroverallwell-beingandenergylevelstomakeresolutions.*'(6)otherreasonisthelowspiritintheperiod.Justfinishingalongandhardyear,manypeoplearestilltryingtogetridofthetirednessinthepastyearand(7)(want)totakearest.So(8)theymakeresolutions,thelowspiritwillmakethemhardtocarryout.Thoughit'shardtomakeandcarryoutresolutionseffectivelyinJanuary,(9)(make)aresolutionisstillagoodidea.Bonosuggeststhatpeoplemaketheirresolutionsinspringtime.Sincetheyarerecoveredfromthestrugglesofthepastyear,makingresolutionswillbe(10)(effective)inthisseason.Soifyouhaven*tmadearesolutionyet,whynotputitoffuntilspring?SectionCDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.NotethatthereisONEWORDMOREthanyouneed.(10分)A.insuranceB.variantC.significantlyD.hitE.confirmedF.encouragingG.vaccinatedH.imposingI.borderJ.occupancyK.primarilyDestinationsaroundtheworldhavefacedsignificanttouristreductionsamidthecoronaviruspandemic.Butfewhavetakenaharder(1)thanBali,theIndonesianislandlongbelovedofglobaltravelers.Duetostrict(2)controlmeasuresandaclosedairport,Baliwentfromreceivingmillionsofinternationalvisitorstowelcomingjust45in2021.Thetwo-digitnumberaccountsfbrtheperiodbetweenJanuaryandOctober2021andwas(3)bytheCentralStatisticsBureauofBali.Astheisland'sNgurahRaiInternationalAirport(DPS)inDenpasarhasbeenclosedtointernationalflightsnearlyallyear,thosetouristshavealmostallcomeviaprivateyachts.ThoughtheairportofficiallyreopenedtointernationalflightsonOctober14,therehavesofaronlybeendomesticflightsinandoutoftheairport,(4)fromIndonesia'scapitalcityofJakarta.InordertocometoBali,foreigntouristshavetodealwithstrictCovid-relatedentryrequirements.Theymustobtainabusinessvisaatacostof$300(therearenotouristvisasatpresent),takemultiplePCRtestsandbuyspecialhealth(5).Inaddition*airfarecostsarehigherthanusualduetothelackofdirectflights.OnehopefulvisitorisJustynaWrucha，aUKcitizenplanningatriptoBaliwithherhusband.ltwillbetheirfirstvisittotheisland，whichhaslongbeenontheirbucketlist.However?theythinkthatthepoliciesrelatingtoforeignvisitorsareextremelyharshby(6)a10-dayquarantineonfully(7)people.Bali'sCovidpoliciesaredeterminedbythecentralgovernmentinJakarta,notbylocalauthoritiesontheisland.Originally,thequarantineswereshorterbutwererecentlyincreasedduetofearsofthenewOmicron(8).RaySuryawijaya?headoftheIndonesianHotelsandRestaurantsAssociationofBali'sBadungDistrict,agreeswithWrucha.MWithallthosebarriers,ifsdifficultfbrustoexpectforeigntouriststocometoBali,“hesaid.However，thereisonesmallglimmerofhopewiththegradualreturnofdomestictourism.Rayreportsthatthe(9)rateofhotelsinBaliisnowaround35%.“Onweekends?about13?000domestictouristsarevisitingBali,“headds.Whilethatsmalltrickleofvisitorsisan(10)notetoendtheyearon,especiallyfbrthemanyBalineselocalswhodependontourismtosupporttheirfamilies,itwon*tbeenoughtorescuethe2021season.111.ReadingComprehension(1*15+2*19=53分)SectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(15分)Brazil'selectionoffershopefbrtherainforestApresidentialelectionin2022willofferachancefbrBrazifsgovernmenttoreversepoliciesthathave(1)toglobalclimatechange.Thecountryishometo60%oftheAmazonrainforest,whichhashistoricallybeenanimportantcarbon(2).Butaworryingstudypublishedin2021inNaturefoundthatoverthepastdecadeithas(3)becomeacarbonsource.Theculprits：forestfiresanddeforestation?whichhassoaredbymorethan40%sincePresidentJairBolsonaro(4)in2019.Onhiswatch,environmentalenforcementandfinesdroppedtorecordlows.Activistssaythishasencouraged(5)logging,mining,andland-grabbing.InJunetheenvironmentminister,RicardoSalles*resignedafterfederalpolicebeganinvestigatinghimforalleged(6)intimbertrafficking.Agreenerpresidentwouldtrytocrackdownonsuchcrimes.Polls(7)thatMrBolsonaroislikelytolosetheelection.HissuccessorcouldconvinceGermanyandNorwaytounfreezetheAmazonFund?apotofmoneyforenforcementand(8)developmentthatwaswithdrawnin2019amidconcernsaboutMrBolsonaro'spolicies.AnewpresidentcouldalsorevivetalkswithPresidentJoeBiden,whohasofferedto(9)a$20bnfundfortherainforestonceBrazilstartsshowingresults.Butevenanenlightenedpresidentwillhavetobattlea(10)Congress,whichisconsideringanumberoflawsthatthreatentherainforestanditsinhabitants.Theseincludealand-regularisationbillnicknamedthe"land-grabbinglaw'*andabillthatwould(11)wildcatminingonindigenousterritories.InAugustthousandsofindigenouspeoplecampedoutinthecapitalasthesupremecourtdebatedacasethatwouldrestricttheirterritoriestolandthatwas(12)whenanewconstitutionwaspassedin1988.Thecourtpostponedits(13)9butCongressisconsideringalawthatwouldhavethe(14)effect.BetterleadershipinBrazilcouldjump-startregionalefYbrtstoboostenforcementandfindsustainable(15)todeforestationfortherainforest'sinhabitants.ButifMrBolsonarowinsagain,hisdetenninationtofilltheforestwithroads?damsandminescouldcausedestructionfarbeyondthebordersofBrazil.(1)A.referredB.contributedC.amounted□.related(2)A.footprintB.sinkC.sourceD.emission(3)A.indeedB.insteadC.accidentally□.otherwise(4)A.steppeddownB.tookofficeC.claimedprecedenceD.keptwatch(5)A.seasonalB.selectiveC.illegal□.professionalA.involvementA.adviseB.attachmentB.advocateC.limitationC.suggest0.existence□.represent(8)A.sustainableB.economicC.rapidD.rural(9)A.claimB.manageC.createD.borrow(10)A.farmer-friendlyB.warm-bloodedC.pressure-freeD.profit-making(11)A.realiseB.normalizeC.publicise0.legalise(12)A.soldB.exploredC.cleared0.occupied(13)A.electionB.argumentC.appeal0.decision(14)A.mainB.variedC.finalD.same(15)A.replacementsB.transitionsC.alternatives0.referencesSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(8分)ASwedishpowerplantistakingreuseandrecycletothenextlevelbyburningunusableclothinginsteadofcoal,Bloombergreports.RetailgiantHennes&Mauritz,morecommonlyknownasH&M,ishelpingtheutilitytransitionawayfromcoalthroughitsmoldyorotherwiseunsalableclothing.Themulti-fuelpowerandheatingstationinVasteras?centralSweden?isplanningtobecompletelyfossil-fuelfreeby2030.It'sthelargeststationofitskindandSwedenclaimsifsoneofEurope'scleanest.Tokickitscoalhabit,thestationisturningtootherburnablematerialsincludingrecycledwood?rubbishandyes,clothes."Ourgoalistouseonlyrenewableandrecycledfuels,"JensNeren,headoffuelsuppliesattheutilitycompanywhichownsandoperatestheVasterasplant,toldBloomberg.JohannaDahLheadofcommunicationsfbrH&MinSweden,toldBloombergthatthecompanyallowsonlytheburningofclotheswhicharenolongersafetouse.“Itisourlegalobligationtomakesurethatclothesthatcontainmoldordonotmeettherequirementsofourstrictrestrictiononchemicalsaredestroyed,"shesaid.TheVasterasplanthasburnedaround15tonsofoldH&Mclothessofarthisyear,comparedwithabout400,000tonsofrubbish,NerentoldBloomberg.Swedenhasoneoftheworld'sgreenestenergygeneratingsystems,andhasinvestedinbioenergy,solarpowerandelectricbuses.In2020,theScandinaviancountryannouncedanambitiousaimtobecomeoneofthefirstnationsintheworldtoenditsdependenceonfossilfuels.AccordingtotheSwedishgovernment，thecountryhasalreadyheavilyreduceditsdependenceonoil,whichaccountedfbr75%oftheenergysupplyin1970,andnowmakesupa20%share.WhichofthefollowingcanserveasfuelintheVasterasplant?A.Fashionablebootsinchainstore.B.OldTVsetsdesertedasrubbish.C.Woodenfurnitureinsecond-handshop.D.H&Mclothesunsuitableforsale.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutthepowerstationinVasteras?A.Itusesmultiplefuelsandgeneratesheat.B.Itislargerthananyotherstationofitskind.C.Itonlybumsrecycledwoodandrubbish.D.Itwillusenomorefossilfuelsafter2030.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.theSwedishgovernmentdiscouragesthedevelopmentofbioenergy.B.clothesonlytakeupasmallproportionoftheburningmaterial.C.Sweden*sfossil-fuelfreeplanisalmostaccomplishedbynow.D.Swedenhasanambitiontobethecleanestcountryintheworld.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ASwedishpowerplantisburningunusableH&Mclothesforfuel.B.TheSwedishgovernmentaimshighandistakingeffectiveaction.C.H&Mislookingfbranewwaytostrengthenitspositioninfashion.D.CoalandoilarenolongerregardedastheprimaryfuelsinSweden.（6分）Areyouworriedabouttheplanetandtiredofwaitingaroundforthingstochange?Goaheadandtakeacloserlookatthevariousoptionsavailabletovolunteerfbrtheenvironment!SustainableAgricultureIfyoudecidetovolunteerfbrasustainableagricultureproject,you*lldefinitelylearnsomeinterestingsustainablefarmingtechniques.Youwillbelearningthesetechniquesfromlocalsorteachingthemtothelocalfarmerssotheycanimplementthesetechniquesontheirown.BestPlacestoVolunteer：CentralorSouthAfrica,India,Nepal?IndonesiaandthePhilippines.MarineConservationVolunteersfbrmarineconservationshouldnaturallybeattractedtowater.Ifsimportantthatyoudon'tfeardivingandhaveastronginterestinlearningtodiveduringyourstay.Whilevolunteering,yourtaskasavolunteerwillbetohelpresearch,maintainandgrowtheuniquemarinebiology.BestPlacestoVolunteer：TheBahamas?Cuba,Peru,SouthAfrica,Indonesia*SpainandItaly.*NatureConservationConservationprojectsarededicatedtoprotectingthenaturalenvironmentofaspecificlocation.Tasksheremayvarygreatlydependingontheprogrambutitwillrequirevolunteerstostudytheenvironmentandlearnaboutthelocalwildlifespecies.Youllbemonitoringtheenvironmentandretrievingdatawhiletakingactiontopreservethelocalspeciesoffaunaandflora.BestPlacestoVolunteer：Madagascar,theMaldives,SouthAfrica,NewZealandandRussia.6RenewableEnergyandWaterProjectsfocusedonenergyandwatercreatewaysfbrcommunitiestoaccesssustainableenergyandwatersources.Theseprogramsarededicatedtodesigningsystemimprovementsandcreatingasustainablesupplyofenergyandwater.Ifsimportantfbrconservationvolunteerstoevaluatetheneedsofthecommunityandimplementactionstosolvetheseissues.BestPlacestoVolunteer：Peru,CostaRica,ElSalvador,IndiaandCameroon.Requirements：Withsomanysubcategoriesandsuchawidearrayoforganizations，therequiredskillsetwillvaryfbreachprogram.Englishisthemainlanguageonallprojectssoit's第14頁(yè)（共68頁(yè)）importantthatconservationvolunteershaveagoodunderstandingofEnglish.ForprojectsinSouthAmerica,youwillfindithelpfultohaveabasicknowledgeofSpanish.Ifyouwanttovolunteerforthreeprojectsinthesamecountry,whichcountryisthebestchoice? A.Peru.B.Indonesia.C.SouthAfrica.D.India.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Volunteerscanlearnfarmingtechniquesbyimplementingthesetechniquesontheirown.Volunteersneedtostudytheenvironmentandperformthesamenaturalconservationtasks.Volunteersshouldassesstherequirementsofthecommunitybeforeimplementingactions.□.Volunteerscansignupfbrmarineconservationprojecteveniftheyareafraidofthewater.Whatisrequiredincommontobeavolunteerinanyoftheaboveprograms?A.Farmingtechniques.B.Marinebiology.C.Dataretrieving.D.TheEnglishlanguage.(8分)FriederikeOtto：WeatherdetectiveFriederikeOttohasspentthepastsevenyearsstudyingextremeweatherevents,butevenshewasshockedwhenanextraordinaryheatwavehitCanadaandtheUSPacificNorthwestinJuly?shatteringtemperaturerecordsandkillinghundredsofpeople.Wheneverextremeweatherstrikesthesedays>peopleimmediatelywonderwhetherclimatechangeistoblame.ThisisexactlythekindofquestionthatOttoandhercollaboratorsintheWorldWeatherAttribution(WWA)grouptrytoanswerquickly.OttosetupavideocallwiththeWWAteamandtheyplannedaspeedyresearchstudy.Theteamporedover(翻閱，研讀)meteorologicaldatatogaugehowbigtheheatwavewas,studiedclimaterecordsfbrtheregionandrancomputermodelstofindouthowmuchmorelikelythiskindofheatwavehasbecome,relativetoahypotheticalworldwithoutclimatechange.Theresult：itwouldhavebeenallbutimpossiblefbraheatwaveofthatmagnitudetohavehappenedintheregionwithouthuman-inducedclimatechange.'Temperaturerecordswerebrokenby50Cinsomeplaces，”O(jiān)ttosays."That'simmense."Otto,aclimateresearcherattheGranthamInstitutefbrClimateChangeandtheEnvironmentinLondon,helpedtosetuptheWWAin2015withtheaimofrapidlyanalysingwhetherclimatechangeplaysapartinextremeheat,cold,downpours,droughtandwildfireactivity.Shechairstheadhoc（特另lj組建的）group?whichincludesaboutadozenclimatemodellersandstatisticians.Untilafewyearsago,scientistswouldhavebeenhard-pressedtoanswerwithcertaintywhetherclimatechangeistoblamefbrspecificextremes?andhowmuchmore（orless）likelytheyhavebecome.ManyscientistsviewedattributionstudiescriticallywhentheWWAmadeitsfirstattemptstoanalyseextremeevents——usingjustoneortwoclimatemodelswithoutevaluatingwhetherthesewereabletoreliablysimulate（模擬）theextremeinquestion.Thishaschangedentirely.Ottoandherteamhavedevelopedastrategythatusesclimatesimulationsfromasmanyas50models.Thisapproachandthestudiesgeneratedarenowwidelyviewedashighlyrobust；theyfeatureprominentlyinareportissuedinAugustbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,ascientificcommitteeestablishedbytheUnitedNations.ltisnowan"establishedfact",thepanelsaid*thatrisinggreenhouse-gasemissionshavemadesomeweatherextremes-inparticular,extremeheat一morefrequentandmoreintense.Attributionstudiesaremoredifficultintheglobalsouth,wherereliableclimatedataareoftenlacking?andwherelocalresearchcapacitiesarelimited.Butthesearesomeoftheplacesmostatriskfromclimatechangeandtheextremeweatherthatitcanspark.Ottohopesthatlower-incomecountrieswillbeabletostrengthentheirresearchintheseareasincomingyears,withsupportfromwealthiercountries.nAttributionstudiesarereallyessentialintermsofunderstandinghumanimpactsofclimatechange,"saysEmilyBoyd?asocialscientistatLundUniversityinSwedenwhostudiesclimateadaptationandgovernance.nThescienceisshiftingourmindsets-itallowsustothinkabouttherelationbetweenclimateandvulnerabilityinacompletelynewway.**Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsimply?A.Theglobalheatwavecontributestothedecreaseofhumanactivities.B.