第七講：主謂一致SubjectandverbagreementJing一、語法一致原則1.非謂語動詞作做主語一般是單數(shù)，若是兩個或兩個以上動作時，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Toseeistobelieve.／Seeingisbelieving.Lyingandstealingareimmoral.

normal正常的；abnormal2.從句做主語一般是單數(shù)，若是兩個或兩個以上名詞性從句做主語時，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Thattheywillwiniscertain.

what/whatever/which引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時，有時要看它們代指的詞的意義來決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。

Whathesaidistrue.／Whatweneedaremorevolunteers.

3.morethanone/manya+單數(shù)名詞表示的意義為復(fù)數(shù)，但是當(dāng)其做主語時，謂語動詞還是單數(shù)形式

Morethanone/Manyastudentdoesn'tfinishhomework.

many

students

don’t

4.用and連接的主語一般均用復(fù)數(shù)，但表同一概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式

(1)

指同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞

Thepoetandwriterhas

come.

The

poetandthewriterhavecome(兩個人）

Theteacheranddancerisafriendofmyfather’s.(2)成對的名詞

breadandbutter涂黃油的面包sodaandwater汽水

coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡aknifeandfork

一副刀叉

saltandwater鹽開水...

表單一概念，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)

Aknifeandforkisonthetable.

(3)every/each/no+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+every/each/no+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

EveryminuteandEverysecondisprecious.

Nomanandnowomanisallowedtoenterthehall.

(4)Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,

wealthyandwise.5.用with,aswellas,alongwith，togetherwith

except,but,rather

than,including,

這些詞后面的詞是附加成分，謂語要與第一個名詞保持一致。就遠(yuǎn)原則

She

aswellasotherstudentshaslearnedhowtotype.

He

with

his

parents

goes

Everyone

except

you

is

down

on

me.(lookdownon)

Nobody

buttwostudentsisintheclassroom.

Jack,ratherthan(而不是）Tom,ispunishedbytheteacher.6.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞做主語關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等作主語時，其謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致

Thosewhohavefinishedtheworkcangohomenow.

Hewasoneofthestudentswhoweregivenaprize.

Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowasinvited.7.

oneof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語;Oneofthestudentsisfromthesouth.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句,從句動詞用復(fù)數(shù);

Heisoneoftheboyswhoarereadytohelpothers.

8.有兩部分組成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)有apairof修飾時要用單數(shù)

glasses,shoes,boots,pants,chopsticks,scissors,socks

Myglasseswerebrokenwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

Apairofglassesislyingunderthedesk.9.amount和quantity作主語

a(large)amountof+U.N.+V(sing.)(large)amountsof+U.N.+V(pl.)alargequantityof+C.N/U.N.+V(sing.).A(large)amount/quantity

of+N.+V單數(shù)largequantitiesof+C.N/U.N.+V(pl.)

amounts／quantities

of+N.+V復(fù)數(shù)

Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.alotof/lotsofalotofstudentsarelotsofmoneyis…10.名詞所有格作主語

thebaker’s

thedoctor‘stheZhang’s

Mybaker'sisnotfarfromhere11.不定代詞

something,anything,everywhere,nobody,

everybody

Noneofthem

areawareofthedanger.

Noneofthemoneyispaidtome.

Bothofmygrandfathersare

farmers.

Eachof

thebooks

costfiveyuan.

each

book

costs二、意義一致原則1.無標(biāo)記的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語people,cattle,police,youth

Thepoliceweresenttokeeporderimmediately.

強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)成員用復(fù)數(shù)

Ourclass_____(is/are)agreatone.

Ourclass_____(is/are)musiclovers.

Hisfamily_____(is/are)alargeone.

Hisfamily_____(is/are)watchingTVtogether.2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語根據(jù)表達(dá)的意義決定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

sheep,deer,fish,means,works,Japanese,Chinese,crossroads,series,species

Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheair

pollution.

Allpossiblemeanshavebeenusedtopreventtheair

pollution.3.集體名詞作主語——根據(jù)意義決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式

family,crowd,class,audience,enemy,staff,government,group,team,committee4.the+adj/done(1)表示一類人，做主語時V（pl）(2)表示一個人或一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時V（sing）

Thebeautifulisnotalwaysuseful.5.表示學(xué)科的名詞作主語

physics,mathematics,economics,politics6.國家、單位、書、報刊作主語時

TheUnitedStatesTheNewYorkTimes7.表示時間、距離、金額、重量等復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語通?？醋鲆粋€整體

Fourhoursisenoughtospendrepairingthemachine.

Fiftydollarsisalargesumforakid.8.分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)做主語由名詞決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式

Onethirdoftheworkhasbeenfinished.

Onethirdofthestudentshavenotpassedtheend-of-termexam.Two

thirds／thirty

percent9.anumberof與thenumberof10.結(jié)合語境選擇合適的謂語動詞

Yourshoesarecleanwhilehisaredirty.

Suchisourplan.

All(any/some/none)arehereandallisready.

三、就近原則1.Therebe和herebe結(jié)構(gòu)

Thereisanapple,twobananasandsomeorangesonthe

plate.2.either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso,not...but...,or

NotyoubutIcanberesponsibleforthedelay.

NotonlyhissistersbutalsohehimselfhasbeentotheGreat

wall.

each在意義上是單數(shù)，

作主語時，V通常用sing

EachcountryintheUnitedKingdomhasacapital.

Eachofthestudentshasadictionary.3.倒裝

Betweenthewindowsisapicture.

Eachmeans_____(have)beentriedtosolvetheproblem,butnoneiseffective.2.

Nowthepolice______(be)searchingthetownforthelostchild.3.

Tenthousanddollars_______quitealargesum.4.

Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswho______(go)toschoolonfoot.5.

Anumberofnewhouses_______(have)beenbuiltthere.6.

Morethanoneperson_______(be)involvedinthematter.7.

Manyastudent_hasmade_(make)thatmistakebefore.before現(xiàn)在完成時before連詞／副詞單個副詞ever／before／just／recently…8.

Eachdoctorandeachnurse___was____(be)senttotheearthquake-strike