八年級英語下冊知識八年級英語下冊知識PAGE17頁17頁新人教版八年級英語下冊知識點歸納Unit1 What’sthematter?重點短語:haveastomachache haveacold liedowntakeone’stemperature haveafever gotoadoctortoone’ssurprise agreeto(dosth.) getintobeusedto takerisks runout(of)cutoff getoutof beincontrolofkeepon(doingsth.） giveup語言知識歸納：What’sthematter(withyou)?此句用來詢問別人的病情。類似的句子還有：What’swrongwithyou?/What’sthetrouble?matter作動詞用，意為“要緊”“有關系”，主要用于疑問句和否定句。Whatdoesitmatter? Itdoesn’tmatter.【例題】Doesit ifwecan’tfinishittoday?mind B.minds C.matter D.mattersIhaveasorethroat.have“患病”，常用“havea/an+名詞”.haveacold haveafever haveasorebackhaveastomachache haveacough【例題】( )Doesheoftenhave cold? Yes.Healso acoughandathroat.a;has B./;has C.a;have D./;3.Liedownandrest!躺下休息liedown躺下單詞詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說謊liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlyingThat’sprobablywhy.那可能就是原因。probably意為“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。hurtv.使受傷；傷害；疼痛Hehurthislegwhenhefell.他摔傷的時候傷了腿。Myfeelingswerehurtwhenhedidn’taskmetotheparty.他沒有請我參加聚會使我很傷心。Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWang公交車司機，24歲的王平……year-old是用連字符連接數字和名詞所構成的一個形容詞結構，意思是“24歲的”。（名詞必須用單數，常用在名詞前做定語）【例題】A girlnamedDongXinyilookedafterherdisabledfather.A.three-year-old B.three-years-old C.Threeyearsoldexpectvt.期待；預期；期盼expect的常見用法:expect+expect+名詞/代詞expecttodosth.expectsb.todosth.Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughter’svisit.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.DoyouexpecthimtoteachyouEnglish?expect+從句 Iexpectthatyouwillgettheresoon.【辨析】expect與lookforwardto兩者都有期待的意思lookforwardtodoingsth.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingTom.Buttohissurprise...但是令他吃驚的是……toone’ssurprise表示“令人驚奇的是……”，相當于“主語+be+surprised”Tohissurprise,hefoundthegirlwasbind.=Hewassurprisedtofindthegirlwasblind.令他驚奇的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個女孩是個盲人。【拓展】insurprise表示“驚奇的”，相當于副詞性短語，用來修飾動詞。Thetwogirlslookedateachotherinsurprise.那兩個女孩驚奇地互相看著。besurprisedat表示“對……感到驚訝”。Weareverysurprisedatthenews.聽到這個消息，我們很詫異。surprising表示“使人驚奇的”，作表語時，主語是事物。Theydon’twantanytrouble.他們不想惹麻煩。trouble用作名詞，意為“煩惱，困難，麻煩，疾病等”Hislifeisfulloftrouble.他的生活充滿了煩惱。What’sthetrouble?怎么了？②trouble用作動詞，意為“麻煩，打擾”。I’msorrytotroubleyou.抱歉打擾你?！就卣埂颗ctrouble相關的短語introuble處于困境中 getintotrouble陷入困境Havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難【例題】-HowisyourEnglishstudy? -Notbad.ButI learningEnglishgrammar.A.aminterested B.amgoodat C.havealittletrouble D.havenotrouble辨析usedtodosth. 與 beusedtosth./doingsth.↓ ↓過去常?！?習慣于某事/做某事Weusedtodrawpicturesbadly.Youwillgetusedtotheweatherhere.Intheend,Igotusedtodoinghardwork.辨析runoutrunoutof人+runoutof Theyhaverunoutofthewater.物+runout不可用于被動語態(tài)） Themoneyisrunningout.【例題】選出能代替句中畫線部分的一項( )YesterdayIusedupallthesalttocookdumplings.Ineedtobuysomenow.A.ateup B.runoutof C.ranof D.ranoutofmakedecisions=makeadecision作出決定decision為decide的名詞形式makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.beincontrolof 管理；控制Ateachershouldbeincontrolofhisclass.重點語法： 情態(tài)動詞should的用法shouldshouldnot,should提前。should常用于以下兩種情況：①提出建議Youlookedtired.Youshouldliedownandrest.②表推測，意為“該，按理應當”。Waitaminute.Ithinkheshouldcomeinaminute.Unit2 I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.重點短語:cleanup byoneself cheerupputoff giveout putonusedto giveaway takeaftersetup makeadifference carecomeupwith語言知識歸納：giveout分發(fā)，發(fā)放【拓展】give構成的短語還有：giveaway贈給，贈送 givein屈服，投降giveup放棄 giveoff發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱等）comeupwith提出，想出表示“想出或提出”thinkIthinkshecancomeupwithagoodcomeupwith還可表示“趕上”,catchupWeshouldstudyhardtocomeupwiththem【例題】( )Wemust aplantoimproveyourmath.A.pickup B.catchupwith C.comeupwith D.makeupI’vrunoutofit.我已經把它用完了。runoutof表示“用完，用光”，其主語一般是人。【拓展】runoutof還可表示“從……跑出來”。Billranoutoftheroom. Bill從房間里跑出來。run構成的短語還有runaway逃走 runafter追趕runintodifficulties遇到困難【例題】( )Whenyourmoney ,pleasecometomeforsome.A.runsoutof B.runsout C.isrunningoutof D.isrunoutItakeaftermy我長得像我媽媽。【辨析】takeafterlookliketakeafter意為“長得像，行為、性格等像”,Theboytakesafterhisfather.這個男孩長得像他爸爸。looklike可以用于所有場合，既可指人也可指物，僅指外表看上去像。Themanlookslikeourteacher.這個男的看起來像我們的老師。Therainbowlookslikeabridge. 彩虹看上去像一座橋?！就卣埂縯ake構成的短語takeup takeoff takeplacetakeone’stime takecare【例題】( )-You’vereallybeautifulblondhair. -Thankyou.I mymother.A.lookafter B.takeafter C.takefrom D.lookforsetup創(chuàng)辦，建立setupstart,establish同義They’vesetupacompany.他們創(chuàng)辦了一家公司。set相關的短語還有：setout動身，開始（做某事）setoff出發(fā)，引起，激發(fā)Youhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohavelucky. 對我來說，有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有Lucky.it是形式賓語Youmadeitpossibleformetocatchupwithothers.你讓我有可能趕上其他人。【例題】( )Hefound hardtogotosleepwiththelighton.A.it B.that C.he D.himLuckymakesabigdifferencetomylife. Lucky對我的生活產生了很大的影響。makeabigdifference意為“對……產生很大的影響”，difference在此為“影響”的意思。【例題】( )Theheavysnowdidn’t theinternationalairlines.A.payattentionto B.addto C.makeadifferenceto D.keeptoimaginev.想象，假想；以為，認為imagine想象）→imagination（n.想象）imaginative(adj.富于想象力的）9.help...out幫……克服困難，幫……分擔工作Theteacheroftenhelpshisstudentsout.那位老師經常幫他的學生解決問題。beexcitedabout...對……興奮I’mexcitedaboutthegameofLiNa.我對李娜的比賽感到興奮。exciting修飾物重點語法：動詞短語動詞短語主要有以下四種構成形式：動詞+介詞這類動詞短語主要有：agreewith,askfor,arriveat,hearof,lookat,takeafter,listento這類動詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。I’mlookingformypen. Don’tlaughatthepoorman.動詞+副詞這類動詞短語有：findout,giveout,lookup,puton,turnon/off,wakeup,workout等。副詞前面。Pleasepickupthepen.=Pleasepickthepenup.Ittookhimtwohourstoworkitout.動詞+名詞+介詞這類動詞短語有：havealookat,makefriendswith,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto等。在這類動詞短語中，賓語都放在介詞之后。Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.動詞+形容詞+介詞這類動詞短語有：beangrywith,bebusywith,begoodfor,bedifferentfrom,beinterestedin,begoodat等。【例題】(1)( )Whenyoudon’tknowaword,youcan inthedictionary.A.lookitup B.setitup C.giveitup D.pickitup( )Wewillhavedinnerattherestaurant,whichisfamous itsseafood.A.of B.to C.for D.asUnit3 Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?takeouttherubbishmakethebedallthetimetakeouttherubbishmakethebedallthetimeborrowsomemoneyhelpwithhouseworkhangoutwith...awasteoftimeinordertoas...as...takecareofasaresultinsurprisedothedishes語言知識歸納：workon從事于；著手干Thewriterisworkingonanewbook.那位作家正在寫一本新書。Sheisgoingtoworkonherphysicsproject.她打算從事她的物理項目。【例題】( )Thescientistsare inventingsomemethodsofproducingelectricity.workingon B.workingout C.workingat D.workingforatleast至少atleast atmost,意為“至多，最多”。Hekeptmewaitingatleastanhour.Therewerefiftypeoplethereatmost.allthetime一直；總是Thingsarechangingallthetime.事情一直在變化。【拓展】time相關的短語ontime準時 atthesametime同時 intime及時Fromtimetotime偶爾 thefirsttime第一次【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。( )IalwaysgoshoppingonFriday.allthetime B.allthesame C.allalong D.allthewayI’mjustastiredasyouare!我和你一樣累。as...as意為“和……一樣”,表示同級比較。as...as中間要用形容詞或副詞原級。Thisstoryisasinterestingasthatone.notas/so...as,意為“不如……”。Thegardenisnotsobeautifulasyouthought.【例題】( )HespeaksFrenchwell,butofcoursenot apersonborninFrance.asclearas B.clearerthan C.asclearlyas D.themoreclearlyForoneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.務。so,neither倒裝句型So+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語Neither+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語這兩種結構常用來說明前面所說的情況，后面某人（物）也是這樣。助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復形式由后句的主語決定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。BillwatchedTVlastnight.SodidAnn.Lilyisn’tateacher.NeitherisMary.【例題】( )-Ineverdrinkcoffee. - .SodoI B.SodidI C.NeitherdidI D.NeitherdoIborrowlendborrowsth.fromsb.向某人借（入）某物lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.把某物借給某人【注】borrow,lend都是非延續(xù)性動詞，如果要表示“借多長時間”要用keep。【例題】( )Althoughyoulikethebook,youmayonly itfortwoweeks.borrow B.keep C.lend D.stayspendv.花費（金錢；時間）spend+錢/時間+onsth. 在……上花費時間或金錢spend+時間+(in)doingsth.花時間做某事【例題】( )YangFeng everySaturdayafternoonvolunteeringinanoldpeople’shome.costs B.takes C.pays D.spendsprovidev.提供；給予providesth. Therestaurantprovidethebestvidesb.withsth. Theparentsprovidethechildrenwithfoodandprovidesth.forsb. Theschoolsprovidedesksandchairsforthestudents.【例題】( )Toprotecttheenvironment,supermarketsdon’t freeplasticbagstoshoppers.A.take B.show C.provide D.carry10.dependon依靠；依賴；相信dependon為固定短語，不能用進行時態(tài)，也不可用被動語態(tài)Asweknow,goodresultsdependonhardwork.Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.的將來就越好。the+比較級...，the+比較級... “越……就越……”Theharderyouworkatyourstudy,thebettergradesyouwillhave.【例題】( )-Therewasthickhaze(霧霾)inourcitythisspring.Whatdoyouthinkofit？-Ithink carswedrive, pollutionourcitywillhave.thefewer;thefewer B.thefewer;thelessC.Themore;thefewer D.themore;thelessinorderto的用法inorderto意為“為了……”Inordertoletthestudentshearhim,hespokeloudly.Wehavetostudyhardinordertopasstheexam.Inordernottobelateforschool,shetookataxi.inordertosothatinorderthat引導的狀語從句。Sheranquicklyinordertocatchthebus.Sheranquicklyinorderthatshecouldcatchthebus.Sheranquicklysothatshecouldcatchthebus.asaresult的用法asaresult用于引出結果，常用于兩個句子之間，其中一個是另一個的結果，且前后用標點符號將兩個句子隔開，意為“結果是”。Hedidn’tlistencarefully.Asaresult,hecouldn’tworkoutthemathsproblem.【注】asaresultof的意思是“由于，因為”becauseof。Peterwaslateasaresultoftheheavyrain.=Peterwaslatebecauseoftheheavyrain.【例題】( )Theboystudiedhard. ,hepassedtheexam.Iafact B.Ontime C.Afterall D.AsaresultUnit4 Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?重點短語:lookthroughworkoutgetonwithcutoutcompare...withinone’sopinionabigdealsothatgetintoafightcommunicatewithinsteadofnot...until...callsb.up語言知識歸納：Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?Whydon’tyoudosth.=Whynotdosth.“為什么不……?”【拓展】提出建議的句型①What/Howaboutdoingsth.?做某事怎么樣？②Shallwedosth.? 我們做某事好嗎？③You’dbetter(not)dosth.你最好（不）做某事。④Whydon’tyoudosth. 為什么不做某事呢？⑤Wouldyouminddoingsth.?你介意做某事嗎？allowv.允許，許可①allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事“Myparentsallowmetoplaycomputergameonweekends.allowdoingsth. “允許做某事”Shedoesn’tallowsmokinginherhouse.③allow+名詞Wecan’tallowsuchathing.【例題】( )Doyouoftenallow until11:00p.m.tostayup B.stayup C.stayingup D.andstayupworkout產生……效果，進展……Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.對我們來說，事情進展很好。Heworkedoutthemathsproblem.他算出了這道數學題。Canyouworkouttheproblemalone?你一個人能把問題搞清楚嗎？communicatev.交流信息；溝通Ican’tcommunicatewiththematthemoment.此刻我無法同他們進行交流。communicationn.交流Peoplecan’tgetonwellwitheachotherwithoutcommunication.沒有交流，人們就無法相處得好?！纠}】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。( )Peoplechoosetokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsbye-mail.write B.read C.agree D.communicatearguevi.爭論；爭吵arguewithsb.與某人爭論Don’targuewithyourparents.不要和你的父母爭論。argue的名詞形式是“argument”,haveanargumentwithsb.與某人辯論。Alicehandanargumentwithherbestfriend.【例題】( )Ineverargue myparents.in B.to C.for D.withinsteadadv.代替，頂替Ifyouarebusy,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.【辨析】insteadinsteadofinsteadinsteadinsteadof副詞 舍前取后，可單獨使用，位于句首或句末。介詞短語舍后取前，后面常跟名詞，代詞及動詞ing。Hedidn’tanswer.Heaskedhisfatherinstead.Weeatriceinsteadofnoodles.【例題】( )Whataniceday!Weshouldgosightseeing watchingTVinthehotel.becauseof B.insteadof C.togetherwith D.outofferv.提供；提出；建議offer做“提供”講時，可接雙賓語。offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth. 向某人提供某物Thewaitressofferedacupofteatotheman.=Thewaitressofferedthemanacupoftea.offer還有“提出，建議”Theoldmanofferedtolendtheboysomemoney.【例題】( )Thelittleboy hisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.lent B.offered C.took D.broughtApare作動詞，意為“比較，和……相比”。compare...with... 把……同……相比較Parentsshouldn’talwayscomparetheirchildrenwithothers.父母們不該總是把自己的孩子同別人相比較。compare...to...把……比作……Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.人們常把生活比作一個舞臺?！纠}】( )Myhandwritingcannotbecompared myfather’s.to B.with C.on D.forMycousinborrowsmythingswithoutreturningthem.return意為“歸還”，其后可接雙賓語returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.Don’tforgettoreturnmethekeys.return還有“返回”goback,toHereturnedtoShanghaiaweekago.【例題】①那本書你還給圖書館了嗎？Didyou thebook thelibrary?②( )Idon’tknowwhenwewill HongKong.A.returnback B.returnto C.returnbackto D.returnUnit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?gooffpickupfallasleepgooffpickupfallasleepdiedownmakeone’swayinsilencetakedownatfirstwaitforinamesstherestofhavemeaningtobasketballcompetitionaswellmakesure語言知識歸納：while當……的時候while句中的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生。WhileIwaswatchingsomeoneknockedatthewhen意為“當……時”，動作有一前一后的意思。WhenIpassedthatroomIheardsomeonesinging.while作連詞時也可理解為“然而”，表示轉折關系。Ilikeappleswhilemysisterdoesn’t.【例題】( )Tomlikesreadinganewspaper heishavingbreakfast.until B.while C.because D.though( )Marywastalkingonthephone someoneknockedatthedoor.A.while B.before C.when D.aftermakesure查明；確信①makesureofsth.②makesuretodosth.③makesurethat+從句【例題】( )ReadyourEnglishpaperagainand thereisnomistakeinitbeforeyouhanditin.makesure B.turnup C.comeout D.lookforIgottothebusstopbutIstillmissedthebus.get意為“到達”toHowcanIgettothenearestsupermarket?表示“到達”的三種形式：arrive意為到達at+小地點arrive in+大地點getto后接地點名詞。Hegottoschoolat7:00thismorning.reach意為“到達”WhendidyoureachAmerica?【例題】( )Pleasewritetomeassoonasyou yourschool.getto B.reachto C.arrive D.come( )-Whendidyouraunt inShandong? -Yesterdayafternoon.A.reach B.get C.arrive D.comePeopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.hear動詞,意為“聽說”。常用結構為：hearsb.dosth. 聽見某人做某事hearsb.doingsth. 聽見某人正在做某事③hearof/aboutsb./sth.聽說某人或某事hearfromsb. 收到某人的來信⑤hear+that從句聽說……【例題】( )Tomlikesto othersbutheneverwritestothem.hear B.hearof C.hearabout D.hear( )-Whendidyou thenews? -Justnow.A.hearabout B.hearfrom C.heard D.hearingIplayedthesongwithoutanymistakes.without介詞,意為“無；沒有”，其反義詞為with,后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing。Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.Hewenttoworkwithouthavingbreakfast.【例題】她沒敲門就進了房間。Sheenteredtheroom atthedoor.你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎？Canyouseeclearly your Unit6 Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.重點短語:alittlebit insteadof oonceuponatime fallinlove getmarriedassoonas insteadof givebirthtobeborn o語言知識歸納：2.try的用法①trytodosth. 盡力做某事 HeistryingtolearnEnglish.②trydoingsth. 試著做某事 Youshouldtrytakingmoreexercise.③tryone’sbest 盡力 I’lltrymybesttohelphim.④tryon 試穿 Wouldyouliketotrythisdresson?2.remindvt.使想起，提醒①remindsb.of/aboutsth.使某人想起某事 Thesongremindmeofmychildhood.②remindsb.todosth. 提醒某人做某事 Peterremindedhertoattendthemeetingontime.Whatdoyouthinkof...? 你認為……怎么樣？Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?注：think后接動名詞，like后接帶to的不定式如：Whatdoyouthinkofgoingclimbingtomorrow?=Howdoyouliketogoclimbingtomorrow? 你認為明天去爬山怎么樣？【例題】( )- doyouthinkofthefootballmatch?-It’sperfect.It’smoreexcitingthan matchthatIhaveeverwatched.A.How;anyother B.How;anyothersC.What;anyother D.What;anyothersNeitherofyouiswrong.你們兩個都沒錯。neither兩者都不；也不e.g.Neitheroftheideasisgood.Ilikeneithersubject.neither作連詞，表示“既不……也不……”，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞要遵循就近原則。e.g.Neitheryounorheisinthisteam.NeitherhenorIamateacher.【例題】( )-Whichdoyouprefer,aCDplayerorawalkman?- .Ipreferacomputer.A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neitherunless的用法unless的意思是“除非，如果不”ifnot,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g.Youwillmisstheearlybusunlessyougetupearly.Wewon’tgotothecinematomorrowunlessmymotherdoes.【例題】( )Wecan’tbesuccessful wekeepworkinghard.A.if B.unless C.because D.whenso...that...如此……以至于……so...that...可以轉化為簡單句，要用too...to...或not...enoughto...句型時，not后要用原句中的形容詞或副詞的反義詞。Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tlookafterherself.=Sheistooyoungtolookafterherself.=Sheisnotoldenoughtolookafterherself.【例題】( )-Youstudy hard you’resuretopasstheexam.-Thankyouforsayingso.enough;to B.as;as C.so;thatassoonas一……就……assoonas為連詞，引導時間狀語從句當主句是一般將來時或祈使句時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。e.g.I’lltellheraboutthematterassoonasshereturnshome.I’llringyouupassoonasIgottoSanya.【例題】( )-WillyoupleasegivethedictionarytoJane?-Sure.I’llgiveittoher shearriveshere.A.before B.until C.because D.assoonasthewholefamily全家whole的用法①作形容詞，意為“全部的；完整的”。thewholenight整夜 inthewholeworld全世界②作名詞，意為“全部，全體，整個”。asawhole作為整體 thewholeofChina整個中國【辨析】whole與allwholeallallthetime/thewholetime整個時間allmylife/mywholelife我的一生alltheclass/thewholeclass整個班級【例題】( )Alisonhasbeenskatingfor twohours.theall B.wholethe C.thewhole D.allofbemadeof與bemadefrom由……制成①bemadeof表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料Thedesksaremadeofwood.②bemadefrom 看不出原材料，屬于化學變化Paperismadeofwood.【例題】( )Thispairofshoes byhand,andit verycomfortable.ismadefrom;isfelt B.aremadeof;feels C.ismadeby;feelsUnit7 What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?重點短語:feelfree asfarasIknow inthefaceofeventhough atbirth walkintofallover orso takeinmanytimes endangeredanimals achieveone’sdream語言知識歸納：3.比較級和最高級的特殊句型①“get/become+形容詞比較級+and+ 形容詞比較級”表示“變得越來越……”，當形容詞為音節(jié)詞（少數雙音節(jié)詞）時，用“moreandmore+原級”。Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.②“the+形容詞比較級……，the+形容詞比較級……”意為“越……就越……”。Theharderyouworkatyourstudy,thebettergradesyouwillhave.“oneofthe最高級+可數名詞復數”表示“最……之一”。ChengduisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.Thisis/was+the最高級+名詞+thatThisisthemostinterestingstoryIhaveeverread.三級句型之間的轉換①形容詞比較級+thananyother+單數名詞Thisbookismoredifficultthananyotherbookhere.=Thisbookisthemostdifficultofall.形容詞比較級+thantheother+復數名詞Billistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.②同級比較用as...as...,否定式為notas/so...as...Heisastallashisfather.Heisnotastallashisfather.③“more+形容詞”與“l(fā)ess+形容詞”及“notso/as...as”的互換。Thisquestionismoredifficultthanthatone.=Thatquestionislessdifficultthanthisone.=Thatquestionisn’tsodifficultasthisone.2.數量的表達+be+數詞形容詞（長、寬、高、深……。Theboyis1.7meterstall.Thisbuildingis90metershigh.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.①population是集體名詞，沒有復數形式，作主語時，其后謂語動詞用單數形式。Thepopulationoftheschoolis500.②指人口多少時，一般用large或small來表示。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.提問“有多少人口”whathowlarge,howmany。What’sthepopulationofChina?succeedv.成功，做到succeedin連用，succeedindoingsth.(成功做某事Didyousucceedinbookingtheticket?successn.成功Workinghardcanleadtosuccess.successful用作形容詞，意思是“成功的”。Lindaisasuccessfuldancerandshedanceswell.【例題】( )-Dearfriends,pleasereadeverysentencecarefully.Detailsdecide ornot.A.success B.successful C.succeedThiselephantweighsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.twice,三倍（及以上）用“基數詞+times”。倍數的表達：A+be+倍數+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as+BThisclassroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.【例題】( )Thecartravels thetrain.A.twotimeasfastas B.twotimesasfastas C.twotimeasfasterasWtect保護、保衛(wèi)protect...from...“保護……免受……的侵害”Everyoneshouldprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution.Unit8 HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?重點短語:fullofhurryupsciencefictioncountrymusiceversinceoneanotherbelongtofinishdoingsth.fightovermillionsof語言知識歸納：現(xiàn)在完成時用法：①表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。Ihavepostedthephotos.我已經把這些照片郵寄了。②表示過去發(fā)生的動作及狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。HehasstudiedEnglishforthreeyears.現(xiàn)在完成時的構成及其變化構成have/has+動詞的過去分詞。其中have/has為助動詞，沒有實際意義，可縮寫。Mikehas=Mike’s theyhave=they’ve現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語already,just,ever,yet,fortwoyears,since1995,sofar,inthelastfewyears【例題】( )-Didyouborrowthecomicbookfromthelibrary?-Yes.I itforthreedays.I’llreturnitthisafternoon.A.borrowed B.kept C.haveborrowed D.have( )-Hello,mayIspeaktoMiss.Wang?-Sorry,sheisn’tin.She theoffice.A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.hasbeen( )-I’vegotthefinalHarryPotterbook.-Youwillloveit.I ittwicealready.A.amreading B.haveread C.wasreading D.willread3.I’vealreadyfinishedreadingfinishdoingsth.完成做某事Theyfinisheddoingtheworklastweek.Whoelseisonmyisland?else意為“其他的”主要用在疑問詞who,whose,what,where,when及不定代詞somebody,anybody,nobody,someone,anyone,something,anything,nothing后面。-Whatelsedoyouwant? -Nothingother也作“其他的”講，但用法不同other是形容詞，修飾名詞，并放在名詞前Whenaretheotherboysarrive?另外other還可修飾代詞one或one’s。Thisstoryismoreinterestingthantheotherone.【例題】用else或other填空。WhatWhereare

canyouseeinthepicture?boys?Givemethe pencil,notthisone.Whom wouldyoudoitwith?...butnotaboutbelongingtoagroup. ……belongto意為“屬于”，后接賓語，不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。Thisbookbelongstome,butthatonebelongstoMary.Thenewpenbelongstome.ThehonorbelongstoTom.Sarahhasn’tbeentoNashvilleyet.havebeento...去過……【辨析】havebeento與havegonetohavebeento+地名，表示“某人曾經到過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經不在那個地方了（回來了。havegoneto表示“已經去了某地”，還沒有回來，可能在那里或在途中。不能與段時間連用。Johnisn’there.Wherehashegone?HehasbeentomanyplacessincehecametoChina.【例題】( )Anumberoftourists Yangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.A.havebeento B.hasbeento C.hasgoneto D.havegonetoHowdoesitmakethemfeel?maketomakesb.dosth.Mymotheroftenmakesmecleantheroom.make后跟復合賓語的類型①make+賓語+名詞Mostpopsingersmakemusictheircareer.②make+賓語+形容詞Whathedidmakeshismotherhappy.③make+賓語+過去分詞Canyoumakeyourselfunderstood?Haveyouintroducedthissingertointroducesb.tosb.把某人介紹給某人introduceoneself做自我介紹Unit9 Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?重點短語:thousandsof putup takethesubwayontheonehand...ontheotherhand... encouragesb.todosth.haveproblemdoingsth. practicedoingsth.closeto duringthedaytime allyearround語言知識歸納：Meneither.我也沒（去過。Meneither=NeitherhaveI.-Ican’tswim. -Meneither./NeithercanI.【例題】( )-Ihaven’tbeentoSanya,howaboutyou? - .A.Metoo. B.Meneither. C.Mealso. D.Mehaven’t.( )-DidyouseePeterandMike?-No,Isaw ofthem.A.neither B.either C.both NeitherhenorI (am/is)astudent.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.encourage鼓勵encouragesb.(todosth.)【例題】( )-Theteachersalwaysencouragehim hard.A.study B.studies C.tostudy D.studyingMaybeyoufearthatyouwon’tbeabletofindanythinggoodtoeatwhenyoutravel.fear害怕；懼怕fear的不同用法①feartodosth. Thegirlsfeartogooutatnight.②fearforsb./sth. Policefearforthelostchildren.③fearthat+從句【例題】(1)我們擔心我們會在森林里迷路。We wewillgetlostintheforest(2)Somestudentsfear (speak)infrontoftheclass.WhetheryoulikeIndianfood,WesternfoodorJapanesefood,you’llfinditallinSingapore.whether用作連詞，意為不管……（還是；或者……（或者）常用結構有：whether...or...Whetheritiseasyoritisdifficult,wewon’tgiveup.5.unusualadj.不同尋常的，罕見的前綴un-表否定的意思有“不，未，無”之意。unhappy不開心的 unkind冷酷的 untidy不整潔unbelievable令人難以置信的 unknown不出名的Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese...threequarters是分數，意為“四分之三”。quarter有“一刻鐘，四分之一”的含義。在英語中表達分數時，分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞；如分子大于1，分母要用復數形式3/5 threefi