專題22閱讀理解（環(huán)境保護類）1.C12019浙江卷】Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（資源）.ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt（融雪）.Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年

Ecologicalstudiesofforests.Banningwoodcutting.Limitinghousingdevelopment.Firecontrolmeasures.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt.B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate.D.Dampnessoftheair.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonWhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?PatrickMclntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】27.A28.D29.C30.A【解析】文章主要講述了美國加利福尼亞州的森林面臨著的巨大危機，大型樹木在急劇減少，作者闡述了現象，并分析了其原因。A段落主旨題。根據文章第二段第三句Thenumberoftrees???declinecby50percent…morethan55A項。percent…75percei^數字可知，該段主要講述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴重性，故選A項。…competewith可:resource…competewith可:resource繳進的森林防火措施，雖然一定程度上保護了森林，但同時也導致小樹泛濫，與大樹爭搶資源，從而導致大樹數量驟減，所以選D項。29.C細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid29.C細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaidhavebeenrisingtemperaturesreducewater??可知，水資源短缺的一個主因是逐漸上升的氣候溫度，故選C項。30.A主旨大意題。根據全文可知，主要講述了美國加州森林中大樹數量急劇下降的現象，并分析了原因。由此A項能很好地概括全文。2.D【2019北京】Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Because更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年ofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.thNqtiantyieEeofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.",sheIsaidhetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.UnnoticeableWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【答案】42.B43.A44.D45.C【解析】本文是一篇科普知識類文章。主要介紹了由于氣候變暖導致海洋微生物發(fā)生變化，進而導致海洋顏色的變化。B主旨大意題。第一段的主要講的是：根據一項新的研究，由于氣候變暖，到本世紀末界上的海洋將會更藍更綠；第二段主要介紹了海洋的顏色取決于浮游植物的種類和濃度。因為氣候變化將促進某些地區(qū)浮游植物的生長，同時也會減少其他地區(qū)浮游植物的數量，從而導致海洋外觀的變化。因此文章前兩段的主要講的是海洋顏色變化的原因”。故選B。A猜測詞義題。根據第三段最后一句可知：氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并會影響浮游植物的生長，因為它們不僅需要陽光和二氧化碳來生長，還需要營養(yǎng)物質。因此，此處的“vulnerable是易受影響的”意思，即sensitiveosignificant重大的，有意義的；beneficial有益的；unnoticeable不明顯的。故選A。D推理判斷題。從文章第四段中的"Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，有更多浮游植物的海洋看起來更綠?！惫蔬xD。C主旨大意題。根據整篇文章的內容來看，主要解釋氣候變化會導致海洋顏色的改變，而這種改變主要是因為浮游植物數量的變化，因此本文的主要目的是解釋氣候變化對海洋的影響故選Co3.C12019天津】Howdoesanecosystem（生態(tài)系統）work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食動物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（獵物）,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestable更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年overthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（滅絕）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable，wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskeyscientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（臨界點）,itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.AstronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredatorhasawidefoodchoicecaneasilyfindnewpreystickstoonepreyspeciescanquicklymovetoanotherplaceWhatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.【答案】46.B47.C48.D49.A50.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了科學家通過建了一個數模找到了管理食物網的幾個主要原則。體現了人與大自然的和諧。B細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的第一句withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs,句中的principles與選項B中的rules對應，故答案為B。C細節(jié)理解題。注意本題中涉及的是astronglink。根據第二段中的第三句whenapredatoralwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked,知當某一掠食動物只堅持吃一個品種時，它們之間的關系就很強，故答案為CoD推理判斷題。根據第三段中的smallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems以及其后舉的例子知位于實食物網頂端的獵物對其他的物種的數量有著驚人的控制，即使是無直接聯系的物種，故答案為D其他的物種的數量會有意想不到的變化。A推理判斷題。根據第四段中的第一句話unplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue是這一段的主題句，下面的例子是為了證明它的，根據最后一句，這些行為都大大影響了生態(tài)平衡，可知認為的無計劃的行為會擾亂生態(tài)平衡，故答案為AoD推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的preventioniskey,知預防系統提前發(fā)出信號以讓人們采取措施防止生態(tài)系統被破壞。4.C[2018?北京卷]更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年

Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場），andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.greaterwaxmothResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthatthewormsgreaterwaxmothnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass——apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）chevFedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheirefydayfromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingerwpublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.chevFedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheirefydaybeeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（腸道微生物）?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'findingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbagsbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【答案】43—46CBDC【解析】本文是一篇科普知識類文章。從環(huán)保理念出發(fā)，文章圍繞一種可以降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟展開，描述了研究進展及蟲子能降解塑料的原理，即使用其胃中的酶降解塑料，為塑料污染問題提供了新的思路。C細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中的“Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.可知，這些蟲子可以消耗聚乙烯購物袋，即塑料袋。故選CoB推理判斷題。根據文章第二段中的"Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（腸道微生物）?”可知，下——步是探究酶的來源。故選CoD推理判斷題。根據文章最后——段“Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic”可知研究者希望那些化學物品可以批量生產，而不是將許多蟲子直接扔在垃圾堆里。故選D。C寫作意圖題。全文都在圍繞可以降解垃圾的蟲子展開，文章的目的就是向讀者呈現這種獨特的降解更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年塑料的方式。故選Ao5.[2017江蘇卷]DOldproblem,newapproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（NE放）peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:Thereisno'one-sizefitsall'adaptation.,therNeverthelessaresomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（連接）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel'sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel'sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldact更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年asaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslistoftheplanet.”Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.adaptationisanever-changingprocessthecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeglobalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsadaptationtoclimatechangeischallengingWhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan'sproject?Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?Storingiceforfutureuse.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.Changingtheirrigationtime.更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.BTheglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.CThiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.DSunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshouldAadapttocarbonpollutionBplanthighlyprofitablecropsCleavecarbonemissionaloneDfightagainstcarbonpollutionWhat'stheauthor'spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?Settingupanewstandard.Reducingcarbonemission.CAdaptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.【答案】65—70ACADDB【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界各地適應如今全球變暖的氣候的方法。A句意理解題。根據第二段第二句"Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptiigtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.可知，我們并不是在討論適應一個新的標準，而是適應不斷變化的條件。據此可以判斷，這句話的意思是：適應是一個不斷變化的過程。故選A項。C細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第三句"MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.以及該段其他內容可知，Rezwan所在的組織充分利用洪水災害為人們提供便利，故選C項。A細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Thdossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture…Norphel'sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.可知，冰人”適應全球變暖的影響的方法是冬天將水凍成冰儲存起來，以備春天用，故選A項。而這種方法并沒有防止冰川的融化和改變灌溉的時間，故排除B、C和D項。更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年

D細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet???Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.以及第六段“…paintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.可知，提高地球對光的反射能力可以緩解氣候變暖，而秘魯農民的做法恰恰印證了這一點。故選D項。D推理判斷題。根據第七段"Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.以及最后一段"Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.可知，一些污染企業(yè)辯解稱他們無法控制碳污染，只能選擇適應，這完全是胡扯，污染企業(yè)仍然要減少碳排放，與碳污染做斗爭。故選D項。B推理判斷題。根據文章最后兩句"Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.可知，作者認為最合理的應對全球變暖的方法是減少碳排放，此舉的需要。故選B項。6.12016北京】CCaliforniaCondor'sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica'slargestbirds,4?ingwingofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（鉛中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.gointoAsthosythenight,theyjustdon'tseethepowerlines,saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（電死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedcondorsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebaby更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年birds,andcanleadtokidney（'腎）failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout'steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors'averagesiirviisantiiwejiiBtttied^ereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,"hesays."Theyararewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”63.Californiacondorsattractresearchersstbecadseittteye.A.areactiveatnightB.hadtobebredinthewildC.arefoundoninCaliforniaD.almostdiedoutinthe1980sResearchershavefoundelectricallinesare.A.blockingcondors'journeyhomebigkillersofCaliforbniacondorasrestplacesforcondorsatnightusedtokeepcondorsawayAccordingtoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning.A.makescondorstoonervoustoflyhaslittleeffectoncondors'kidneyscanhardlybegottenridofformcondorsd'bloomakesitdifferentforcondorstoproducebabybirdsThepassageshowsthat.A.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactoryB.Rideout'sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringC.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresultsD.researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblem【答案】63.D64.B65.D66.C更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年【解析】加利福尼亞神鷹是北美最大的鳥類，雙翼展開可達3米。由于頻繁的觸電和鉛中毒，加利福尼亞神鷹幾乎絕跡?，F在，電擊和藥物治療正在拯救加利福尼亞神鷹。D推理判斷題。根據第三段Astheygointorestforthenight”排除A;根據第二段Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewil”可知，condors一直生活在野外，排除B;根據第二段morethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico”可知，不止加利福尼亞有condors,排除C,故選DoB細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff...Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（電死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.“可知，神鷹不知道停在電線上會觸電身亡，它們經常停在電線上休息，結果，很多被電死了，故選BoD段落大意題。根據Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（腎）failuresanddeath”可知，金屬鉛會刺激神鷹神經系統，影響它們的生育能力，導致腎衰竭和死亡，故選D。C推理判斷題。根據justundereightyears”可知，神鷹的平均壽命太短，排除A;根據Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever”可知，目前采用的措施并不能永遠有效，排除D;根據第六段Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”可知，Rideout團隊的研究興趣在于怎樣挽救這一瀕危物種，故選Co考點：環(huán)保類短文閱讀7.12016江蘇】CElNifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthatglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997helpedAmerican'economygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyare更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年likelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基礎設施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（T水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino'sahndrithfulpoiosetsthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductiongovernmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidvictimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstWhatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.【答案】61.D62.C63.A64.D【解析】本文介紹了厄爾尼諾現象對地球的影響，并告訴我們諾政府應該做更多的投資預防厄爾尼諾的危害而不是在出現問題以后再進行重新補救和恢復。.D細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后一句日Nifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知厄爾尼諾現象見證了海洋中水流方向的變化。故D正確。.C細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.可知富有國家從厄爾尼諾現象中得到的好處要大于所得到的壞處。接著在第三句中列舉了1997年的厄爾尼諾給美國經濟帶來的好處。故C項正確。.A推理判斷題。根據第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.根據ODI的觀點，為應對厄爾尼諾政府應該做更多的投資預防厄爾尼諾現象的危害而不是在出現問題以后再進行重新補救和恢復。故A項正確。.D目的意圖題。本文主要介紹了厄爾尼諾現象對地球的影響，并告訴我們諾政府應該做更多的投資預防厄爾尼諾的危害而不是在出現問題以后再進行重新補救和恢復。再根據最后一句"SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.各國政府要把減少損失放在優(yōu)先的位置。也就是說我們要事先做好準備。故D項正確。8.12015江蘇】BIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhilethe更多優(yōu)質資料請關注公眾號：詩酒敘華年weightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinSo-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包裝）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動機）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingthe