Section

I

Use

of

EnglishDirections:Read

the

following

text.

Choose

the

best

word

(s)

for

each

numbered

blank

and

markA,

B,

C

or

D

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET.

(10

points)Trust

is

a

tricky

business.

On

the

one

hand,

it's

a

necessary

condition

1

manyworthwhile

things:

child

care,

friendships,

etc.

On

the

other

hand,

putting

your

2,

in

thewrong

place

often

carries

a

high

3.4,

why

do

we

trust

at

all?

Well,

because

it

feels

good.

5

people

place

their

trust

in

anindividual

or

an

institution,

their

brains

release

oxytocin,

a

hormone

that

6

pleasurablefeelings

and

triggers

the

herding

instruct

that

prompts

humans

to

7

with

one

another.Scientists

have

found

that

exposure

8

this

hormone

puts

us

in

a

trusting

9:

In

a

Swissstudy,

researchers

sprayed

oxytocin

into

the

noses

of

half

the

subjects;

those

subjectswere

ready

to

lend

significantly

higher

amounts

of

money

to

strangers

than

were

their

10who

inhaled

something

else.11

for

us,

we

also

have

a

sixth

sense

for

dishonesty

that

may

12

us.

A

Canadianstudy

found

that

children

as

young

as

14

months

can

differentiate

13

a

credible

personand

a

dishonest

one.

Sixty

toddlers

were

each

14

to

an

adult

tester

holding

a

plasticcontainer.

The

tester

would

ask,

“What’s

in

here?”

before

looking

into

the

container,smiling,

and

exclaiming,

“Wow!”

Each

subject

was

then

invited

to

look

15.

Half

of

themfound

a

toy;

the

other

half

16

the

container

was

empty-and

realized

the

tester

had

17them.Among

the

children

who

had

not

been

tricked,

the

majority

were

18

to

cooperate

withthe

tester

in

learning

a

new

skill,

demonstrating

that

they

trusted

his

leadership.

19,

onlyfive

of

the

30

children

paired

with

the

“20”tester

participated

in

a

follow-up

activity.1.

[A]

on

[B]

like

[C]

for

[D]

from2.

[A]

faith

[B]

concern

[C]

attention

[D]

interest3.

[A]

benefit

[B]

debt

[C]

hope

[D]

price4.

[A]

Therefore

[B]

Then

[C]

Instead

[D]

Again5.

[A]Until

[B]

Unless

[C]

Although

[D]

When6.

[A]

selects

[B]

produces

[C]

applies

[D]

maintains7.

[A]

consult

[B]

compete

[C]

connect

[D]

compare8.

[A]

at

[B]

by

[C]of

[D]to9.

[A]

context

[B]

mood

[C]

period

[D]

circle10.[A]

counterparts

[B]

substitutes

[C]

colleagues

[D]supporters11.[A]

Funny

[B]

Lucky

[C]

Odd

[D]

Ironic12.[A]

monitor

[B]

protect

[C]

surprise

[D]

delight13.[A]

between

[B]

within

[C]

toward

[D]

over14.[A]

transferred

[B]

added

[C]

introduced

[D]

entrusted15.[A]

out

[B]

back

[C]

around

[D]

inside16.[A]

discovered

[B]

proved

[C]

insisted

[D]

.remembered17.[A]

betrayed

[B]wronged

[C]

fooled

[D]

mocked18.[A]

forced

[B]

willing

[C]

hesitant

[D]

entitled19.[A]

In

contrast

[B]

As

a

result

[C]

On

the

whole

[D]

For

instance20.[A]

inflexible

[B]

incapable

[C]

unreliable

[D]

unsuitableSection

II

Reading

ComprehensionPart

ADirections:Read

the

following

four

texts.

Answer

the

questions

below

each

text

by

choosing

A,

B,C

or

D.

Mark

your

answers

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET.

(40

points)Text

1Among

the

annoying

challenges

facing

the

middle

class

is

one

that

will

probably

gounmentioned

in

the

next

presidential

campaign:

What

happens

when

the

robots

come

fortheir

jobs?Don't

dismiss

that

possibility

entirely.

About

half

of

U.S.

jobs

are

at

high

risk

of

beingautomated,

according

to

a

University

of

Oxford

study,

with

the

middle

classdisproportionately

squeezed.

Lower-income

jobs

like

gardening

or

day

care

don't

appealto

robots.

But

many

middle-class

occupations-trucking,

financial

advice,

softwareengineering

—

have

aroused

their

interest,

or

soon

will.

The

rich

own

the

robots,

so

theywill

be

fine.This

isn't

to

be

alarmist.

Optimists

point

out

that

technological

upheaval

has

benefitedworkers

in

the

past.

The

Industrial

Revolution

didn't

go

so

well

for

Luddites

whose

jobswere

displaced

by

mechanized

looms,

but

it

eventually

raised

living

standards

andcreated

more

jobs

than

it

destroyed.

Likewise,

automation

should

eventually

boostproductivity,

stimulate

demand

by

driving

down

prices,

and

free

workers

from

hard,

boringwork.

But

in

the

medium

term,

middle-class

workers

may

need

a

lot

of

help

adjusting.The

first

step,

as

Erik

Brynjolfsson

and

Andrew

McAfee

argue

in

The

SecondMachine

Age,

should

be

rethinking

education

and

job

training.

Curriculums

—fromgrammar

school

to

college-

should

evolve

to

focus

less

on

memorizing

facts

and

more

oncreativity

and

complex

communication.

Vocational

schools

should

do

a

better

job

offostering

problem-solving

skills

and

helping

students

work

alongside

robots.

Onlineeducation

can

supplement

the

traditional

kind.

It

could

make

extra

training

and

instructionaffordable.

Professionals

trying

to

acquire

new

skills

will

be

able

to

do

so

without

goinginto

debt.The

challenge

of

coping

with

automation

underlines

the

need

for

the

U.S.

to

revive

itsfading

business

dynamism:

Starting

new

companies

must

be

made

easier.

In

previouseras

of

drastic

technological

change,

entrepreneurs

smoothed

the

transition

by

dreamingup

ways

to

combine

labor

and

machines.

The

best

uses

of

3D

printers

and

virtual

realityhaven't

been

invented

yet.

The

U.S.

needs

the

new

companies

that

will

invent

them.Finally,

because

automation

threatens

to

widen

the

gap

between

capital

income

andlabor

income,

taxes

and

the

safety

net

will

have

to

be

rethought.

Taxes

on

low-wage

laborneed

to

be

cut,

and

wage

subsidies

such

as

the

earned

income

tax

credit

should

beexpanded:

This

would

boost

incomes,

encourage

work,

reward

companies

for

job

creation,and

reduce

inequality.Technology

will

improve

society

in

ways

big

and

small

over

the

next

few

years,

yetthis

will

be

little

comfort

to

those

who

find

their

lives

and

careers

upended

by

automation.Destroying

the

machines

that

are

coming

for

our

jobs

would

be

nuts.

But

policies

to

helpworkers

adapt

will

be

indispensable.21.Who

will

be

most

threatened

by

automation?[A]

Leading

politicians.[B]Low-wage

laborers.[C]Robot

owners.[D]Middle-class

workers.22

.Which

of

the

following

best

represent

the

author’s

view?[A]

Worries

about

automation

are

in

fact

groundless.[B]Optimists'

opinions

on

new

tech

find

little

support.[C]Issues

arising

from

automation

need

to

be

tackled[D]Negative

consequences

of

new

tech

can

be

avoided23.Education

in

the

age

of

automation

should

put

more

emphasis

on[A]

creative

potential.[B]job-hunting

skills.[C]individual

needs.[D]cooperative

spirit.24.The

author

suggests

that

tax

policies

be

aimed

at[A]

encouraging

the

development

of

automation.[B]increasing

the

return

on

capital

investment.[C]easing

the

hostility

between

rich

and

poor.[D]preventing

the

income

gap

from

widening.25.In

this

text,

the

author

presents

a

problem

with[A]

opposing

views

on

it.[B]possible

solutions

to

it.[C]its

alarming

impacts.[D]its

major

variations.Text

2A

new

survey

by

Harvard

University

finds

more

than

two-thirds

of

young

Americansdisapprove

of

President

Trump’s

use

of

Twitter.

The

implication

is

that

Millennials

prefernews

from

the

White

House

to

be

filtered

through

other

source,

Not

a

president’s

socialmedia

platform.Most

Americans

rely

on

social

media

to

check

daily

headlines.

Yet

as

distrust

hasrisen

toward

all

media,

people

may

be

starting

to

beef

up

their

media

literacy

skills.

Such

atrend

is

badly

needed.

During

the

2023

presidential

campaign,

nearly

a

quarter

of

webcontent

shared

by

Twitter

users

in

the

politically

critical

state

of

Michigan

was

fake

news,according

to

the

University

of

Oxford.

And

a

survey

conducted

for

BuzzFeed

News

found44

percent

of

Facebook

users

rarely

or

never

trust

news

from

the

media

giant.Young

people

who

are

digital

natives

are

indeed

becoming

more

skillful

at

separatingfact

from

fiction

in

cyberspace.

A

Knight

Foundation

focus-group

survey

of

young

peoplebetween

ages

14and24

found

they

use

“distributed

trust”

to

verify

stories.

Theycross-check

sources

and

prefer

news

from

different

perspectives—especially

those

thatare

open

about

any

bias.

“Many

young

people

assume

a

great

deal

of

personalresponsibility

for

educating

themselves

and

actively

seeking

out

opposing

viewpoints,”

thesurvey

concluded.Such

active

research

can

have

another

effect.

A

2023

survey

conducted

in

Australia,Britain,

and

the

United

States

by

the

University

of

Wisconsin-Madison

found

that

youngpeople’s

reliance

on

social

media

led

to

greater

political

engagement.Social

media

allows

users

to

experience

news

events

more

intimately

andimmediately

while

also

permitting

them

to

re-share

news

as

a

projection

of

their

valuesand

interests.

This

forces

users

to

be

more

conscious

of

their

role

in

passing

alonginformation.

A

survey

by

Barna

research

group

found

the

top

reason

given

by

Americansfor

the

fake

news

phenomenon

is

“reader

error,”

more

so

than

made-up

stories

or

factualmistakes

in

reporting.

About

a

third

say

the

problem

of

fake

news

lies

in

“misinterpretationor

exaggeration

of

actual

news”

via

social

media.

In

other

words,

the

choice

to

share

newson

social

media

may

be

the

heart

of

the

issue.

“This

indicates

there

is

a

real

personalresponsibility

in

counteracting

this

problem,”

says

Roxanne

Stone,

editor

in

chief

at

BarnaGroup.So

when

young

people

are

critical

of

an

over-tweeting

president,

they

reveal

a

mentaldiscipline

in

thinking

skills

–

and

in

their

choices

on

when

to

share

on

social

media.26.

According

to

the

Paragraphs

1

and

2,

many

young

Americans

cast

doubts

on[A]

the

justification

of

the

news-filtering

practice.[B]

people’s

preference

for

social

media

platforms.[C]

the

administrations

ability

to

handle

information.[D]

social

media

was

a

reliable

source

of

news.27.

The

phrase

“beer

up”(Line

2,

Para.

2)

is

closest

in

meaning

to[A]

sharpen[B]

define[C]

boast[D]

share28.

According

to

the

knight

foundation

survey,

young

people[A]

tend

to

voice

their

opinions

in

cyberspace.[B]

verify

news

by

referring

to

diverse

resources.[C]

have

s

strong

sense

of

responsibility.[D]

like

to

exchange

views

on

“distributed

trust”29.

The

Barna

survey

found

that

a

main

cause

for

the

fake

news

problem

is[A]

readers

outdated

values.[B]

journalists’

biased

reporting[C]

readers’

misinterpretation[D]

journalists’

made-up

stories.30.

Which

of

the

following

would

be

the

best

title

for

the

text?[A]

A

Rise

in

Critical

Skills

for

Sharing

News

Online[B]

A

Counteraction

Against

the

Over-tweeting

Trend[C]

The

Accumulation

of

Mutual

Trust

on

Social

Media.[D]

The

Platforms

for

Projection

of

Personal

Interests.Text

3Any

fair-minded

assessment

of

the

dangers

of

the

deal

between

Britain's

NationalHealth

Service

(NHS)

and

DeepMind

must

start

by

acknowledging

that

both

sides

meanwell.

DeepMind

is

one

of

the

leading

artificial

intelligence

(AI)

companies

in

the

world.

Thepotential

of

this

work

applied

to

healthcare

is

very

great,

but

it

could

also

lead

to

furtherconcentration

of

power

in

the

tech

giants.

It

Is

against

that

background

that

the

informationcommissioner,

Elizabeth

Denham,

has

issued

her

damning

verdict

against

the

Royal

Freehospital

trust

under

the

NHS,

which

handed

over

to

DeepMind

the

records

of

1.6

millionpatients

In

2023

on

the

basis

of

a

vague

agreement

which

took

far

too

little

account

of

thepatients'

rights

and

their

expectations

of

privacy.DeepMind

has

almost

apologized.

The

NHS

trust

has

mended

its

ways.

Furtherarrangements-

and

there

may

be

many-between

the

NHS

and

DeepMind

will

be

carefullyscrutinised

to

ensure

that

all

necessary

permissions

have

been

asked

of

patients

and

allunnecessary

data

has

been

cleaned.

There

are

lessons

about

informed

patient

consent

tolearn.

But

privacy

is

not

the

only

angle

in

this

case

and

not

even

the

most

important.

MsDenham

chose

to

concentrate

the

blame

on

the

NHS

trust,

since

under

existing

law

it“controlled”

the

data

and

DeepMind

merely

“processed"

it.

But

this

distinction

misses

thepoint

that

it

is

processing

and

aggregation,

not

the

mere

possession

of

bits,

that

gives

thedata

value.The

great

question

is

who

should

benefit

from

the

analysis

of

all

the

data

that

ourlives

now

generate.

Privacy

law

builds

on

the

concept

of

damage

to

an

individual

fromidentifiable

knowledge

about

them.

That

misses

the

way

the

surveillance

economy

works.The

data

of

an

individual

there

gains

its

value

only

when

it

is

compared

with

the

data

ofcountless

millions

more.The

use

of

privacy

law

to

curb

the

tech

giants

in

this

instance

feels

slightlymaladapted.

This

practice

does

not

address

the

real

worry.

It

is

not

enough

to

say

that

thealgorithms

DeepMind

develops

will

benefit

patients

and

save

lives.

What

matters

is

thatthey

will

belong

to

a

private

monopoly

which

developed

them

using

public

resources.

Ifsoftware

promises

to

save

lives

on

the

scale

that

dugs

now

can,

big

data

may

be

expectedto

behave

as

a

big

pharm

has

done.

We

are

still

at

the

beginning

of

this

revolution

andsmall

choices

now

may

turn

out

to

have

gigantic

consequences

later.

A

long

struggle

willbe

needed

to

avoid

a

future

of

digital

feudalism.

Ms

Denham's

report

is

a

welcome

start.31.Wha

is

true

of

the

agreement

between

the

NHS

and

DeepMind

?[A]

It

caused

conflicts

among

tech

giants.[B]

It

failed

to

pay

due

attention

to

patient’s

rights.[C]

It

fell

short

of

the

latter's

expectations[D]

It

put

both

sides

into

a

dangerous

situation.32.

The

NHS

trust

responded

to

Denham's

verdict

with[A]

empty

promises.[B]

tough

resistance.[C]

necessary

adjustments.[D]

sincere

apologies.33.The

author

argues

in

Paragraph

2

that[A]

privacy

protection

must

be

secured

at

all

costs.[B]

leaking

patients'

data

is

worse

than

selling

it.[C]

making

profits

from

patients'

data

is

illegal.[D]

the

value

of

data

comes

from

the

processing

of

it34.According

to

the

last

paragraph,

the

real

worry

arising

from

this

deal

is[A]

the

vicious

rivalry

among

big

pharmas.[B]

the

ineffective

enforcement

of

privacy

law.[C]

the

uncontrolled

use

of

new

software.[D]

the

monopoly

of

big

data

by

tech

giants.35.The

author's

attitude

toward

the

application

of

AI

to

healthcare

is[A]

ambiguous.[B]

cautious.[C]

appreciative.[D]

contemptuous.Text

4The

U.S.

Postal

Service

(USPS)

continues

to

bleed

red

ink.

It

reported

a

net

loss

of$5.6

billion

for

fiscal

2023,

the

10th

straight

year

its

expenses

have

exceeded

revenue.Meanwhile,

it

has

more

than

$120

billion

in

unfunded

liabilities,

mostly

for

employee

healthand

retirement

costs.

There

are

many

bankruptcies.

Fundamentally,

the

USPS

is

in

ahistoric

squeeze

between

technological

change

that

has

permanently

decreased

demandfor

its

bread-and-butter

product,

first-class

mail,

and

a

regulatory

structure

that

deniesmanagement

the

flexibility

to

adjust

its

operations

to

the

new

realityAnd

interest

groups

ranging

from

postal

unions

to

greeting-card

makers

exertself-interested

pressure

on

the

USPS’s

ultimate

overseer-Congress-insisting

thatwhatever

else

happens

to

the

Postal

Service,

aspects

of

the

status

quo

they

depend

onget

protected.

This

is

why

repeated

attempts

at

reform

legislation

have

failed

in

recentyears,

leaving

the

Postal

Service

unable

to

pay

its

bills

except

by

deferring

vitalmodernization.Now

comes

word

that

everyone

involved---Democrats,

Republicans,

the

PostalService,

the

unions

and

the

system's

heaviest

users—has

finally

agreed

on

a

plan

to

fixthe

system.

Legislation

is

moving

through

the

House

that

would

save

USPS

an

estimated$28.6

billion

over

five

years,

which

could

help

pay

for

new

vehicles,

among

other

survivalmeasures.

Most

of

the

money

would

come

from

a

penny-per-letter

permanent

rateincrease

and

from

shifting

postal

retirees

into

Medicare.

The

latter

step

would

largelyoffset

the

financial

burden

of

annually

pre-funding

retiree

health

care,

thus

addressing

along-standing

complaint

by

the

USPS

and

its

union.If

it

clears

the

House,

this

measure

would

still

have

to

get

through

the

Senate

–

wheresomeone

is

bound

to

point

out

that

it

amounts

to

the

bare,

bare

minimum

necessary

tokeep

the

Postal

Service

afloat,

not

comprehensive

reform.

There’s

no

change

to

collectivebargaining

at

the

USPS,

a

major

omission

considering

that

personnel

accounts

for

80percent

of

the

agency’s

costs.

Also

missing

is

any

discussion

of

eliminating

Saturday

letterdelivery.

That

common-sense

change

enjoys

wide

public

support

and

would

save

theUSPS

$2

billion

per

year.

But

postal

special-interest

groups

seem

to

have

killed

it,

at

leastin

the

House.

The

emerging

consensus

around

the

bill

is

a

sign

that

legislators

are

gettingfrightened

about

a

politically

embarrassing

short-term

collapse

at

the

USPS.

It

is

not,however,

a

sign

that

they’re

getting

serious

about

transforming

the

postal

system

for

the21st

century.36.The

financial

problem

with

the

USPS

is

caused

partly

by[A].

its

unbalanced

budget.[B]

.its

rigid

management.[C]

.the

cost

for

technical

upgrading.[D].

the

withdrawal

of

bank

support.37.

According

to

Paragraph

2,

the

USPS

fails

to

modernize

itself

due

to[A].

the

interference

from

interest

groups.[B]

.the

inadequate

funding

from

Congress.[C]

.the

shrinking

demand

for

postal

service.[D]

.the

incompetence

of

postal

unions.38.The

long-standing

complaint

by

the

USPS

and

its

unions

can

be

addressed

by[A]

.removing

its

burden

of

retiree

health

care.[B]

.making

more

investment

in

new

vehicles.[C]

.adopting

a

new

rate-increase

mechanism.[D].

attracting

more

first-class

mail

users.39.In

the

last

paragraph,

the

author

seems

to

view

legislators

with[A]

respect.[B]

tolerance.[C]

discontent.[D]

gratitude.40.Which

of

the

following

would

be

the

best

title

for

the

text?[A]

.The

USPS

Starts

to

Miss

Its

Good

Old

Days[B]

.The

Postal

Service:

Keep

Away

from

My

Cheese[C]

.The

USPS:

Chronic

Illness

Requires

a

Quick

Cure[D]

.The

Postal

Service

Needs

More

than

a

Band-AidPart

BDirections:The

following

paragraphs

are

given

in

a

wrong

order.

For

Questions

41-45,

you

arerequired

to

reorganize

these

paragraphs

into

a

coherent

article

by

choosing

from

the

listA-G

and

filling

them

into

the

numbered

boxes.

Paragraphs

C

and

F

have

been

correctlyplaced.

Mark

your

answers

on

ANSWER

SHEET.

(10

points)A.

In

December

of

1869,

Congress

appointed

a

commission

to

select

a

site

andprepare

plans

and

cost

estimates

for

a

new

State

Department

Building.

The

commissionwas

also

to

consider

possible

arrangements

for

the

War

and

Navy

Departments.

To

thehorror

of

some

who

expected

a

Greek

Revival

twin

of

the

Treasury

Building

to

be

erectedon

the

other

side

of

the

White

House,

the

elaborate

French

Second

Empire

style

designby

Alfred

Mullett

was

selected,

and

construction

of

a

building

to

house

all

threedepartments

began

in

June

of

1871.B.

Completed

in

1875,

the

State

Department's

south

wing

was

the

first

to

be

occupied,with

its

elegant

four-story

library

(completed

in

1876),

Diplomatic

Reception

Room,

andSecretary's

office

decorated

with

carved

wood,

Oriental

rugs,

and

stenciled

wall

patterns.The

Navy

Department

moved

into

the

east

wing

in

1879,

where

elaborate

wall

and

ceilingstenciling

and

marquetry

floors

decorated

the

office

of

the

Secretary.C.

The

State,

War,

and

Navy

Building,

as

it

was

originally

known,

housed

the

threeExecutive

Branch

Departments

most

intimately

associated

with

formulating

andconducting

the

nation's

foreign

policy

in

the

last

quarter

of

the

nineteenth

century

and

thefirst

quarter

of

the

twentieth

century-the

period

when

the

United

States

emerged

as

aninternational

power.

The

building

has

housed

some

of

the

nation's

most

significantdiplomats

and

politicians

and

has

been

the

scene

of

many

historic

events.D.

Many

of

the

most

celebrated

national

figures

have

participated

in

historical

eventsthat

have

taken

place

within

the

EEOB's

granite

walls.

Theodore

and

Franklin

D.Roosevelt,

William

Howard

Taft,

Dwight

D.

Eisenhower,

Lyndon

B.

Johnson,

Gerald

Ford,and

George

H.

W.

Bush

all

had

offices

in

this

building

before

becoming

president.

It

hashoused

16

Secretaries

of

the

Navy,

21

Secretaries

of

War,

and

24

Secretaries

of

State.Winston

Churchill

once

walked

its

corridors

and

Japanese

emissaries

met

here

withSecretary

of

State

Cordell

Hull

after

the

bombing

of

Pearl

Harbor.E.

The

Eisenhower

Executive

Office

Building

(EEOB)

commands

a

unique

position

inboth

the

national

history

and

the

architectural

heritage

of

the

United

States.

Designed

bySupervising

Architect

of

the

Treasury,

Alfred

B.

Mullett,

it

was

built

from

1871

to

1888

tohouse

the

growing

staffs

of

the

State,

War,

and

Navy

Departments,

and

is

considered

oneof

the

best

examples

of

French

Second

Empire

architecture

in

the

country.F.

Construction

took

17

years

as

the

building

slowly

rose

wing

by

wing.

When

theEEOB

was

finished,

it

was

the

largest

office

building

in

Washington,

with

nearly

2

miles

ofblack

and

white

tiled

corridors.

Almost

all

of

the

interior

detail

is

of

cast

iron

or

plaster;

theuse

of

wood

was

minimized

to

insure

fire

safety.

Eight

monumental

curving

staircases

ofgranite

with

over

4,000

individually

cast

bronze

balusters

are

capped

by

four

skylightdomes

and

two

stained

glass

rotundas.G.

The

history

of

the

EEOB

began

long

before

its

foundations

were

laid.

The

firstexecutive

offices

were

constructed

between

1799

and

1820.

A

series

of

fires

(includingthose

set

by

the

British

in

1814)

and

overcrowded

conditions

led

to

the

construction

of

theexisting

Treasury

Building.

In

1866,

the

construction

of

the

North

Wing

of

the

TreasuryBuilding

necessitated

the

demolition

of

the

State

Department

building.41.

à

Cà42.

à

43.

à

F

à

44

à

45.Part

CDirections:Read

the

following

text

carefully

and

then

translate

the

underlined

segments

intoChinese.

Your

translation

should

be

written

neatly

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET.

(10

points)Shakespeare’s

life

time

was

coincident

with

a

period

of

extraordinary

activity

andachievement

in

the

drama.

By

the

date

of

his

birth

Europe

was

witnessing

the

passing

ofthe

religious

drama,

and

the

creation

of

new

forms

under

the

incentive

of

classical

tragedyand

comedy.

These

new

forms

were

at

first

mainly

written

by

scholars

and

performed

byamateurs,

but

in

England,

as

everywhere

else

in

western

Europe,

the

growth

of

a

class

ofprofessional

actors

was

threatening

to

make

the

drama

popular,

whether

it

should

be

newor

old,

classical

or

medieval,

literary

or

farcical.

Court,

school

organizations

of

amateurs,and

the

traveling

actors

were

all

rivals

in

supplying

a

widespread

desire

for

dramaticentertainment;

and

(47)

no

boy

who

went

a

grammar

school

could

be

ignorant

that

thedrama

was

a

form

of

literature

which

gave

glory

to

Greece

and

Rome

and

might

yet

bringhonor

to

England.When

Shakespeare

was

twelve

years

old,

the

first

public

playhouse

was

built

inLondon.

For

a

time

literature

showed

no

interest

in

this

public

stage.

Plays

aiming

atliterary

distinction

were

written

for

school

or

court,

or

for

the

choir

boys

of

St.

Paul’s

andthe

royal

chapel,

who,

however,

gave

plays

in

public

as

well

as

at

court.(48)but

theprofessional

companies

prospered

in

their

permanent

theaters,

and

university

men

withliterature

ambitions

were

quick

to

turn

to

these

theaters

as

offering

a

means

of

livelihood.By

the

time

Shakespeare

was

twenty-five,

Lyly,

Peele,

and

Greene

had

made

comediesthat

were

at

once

popular

and

literary;

Kyd

had

written

a

tragedy

that

crowded

the

pit;

andMarlowe

had

brought

poetry

and

genius

to

triumph

on

the

common

stage

-

where

they

hadplayed

no

part

since

the

death

of

Euripides.

(49)A

native

literary

drama

had

been

created,its

alliance

with

the

public

playhouses

established,

and

at

least

some

of

its

great

traditionshad

been

begun.The

development

of

the

Elizabethan

drama

for

the

next

twenty-five

years

is

ofexceptional

interest

to

students

of

literary

history,

for

in

this

brief

period

we

may

trace

thebeginning,

growth,

blossoming,

and

decay

of

many

kinds

of

plays,

and

of

many

greatcareers.

We

are

amazed

today

at

the

mere

number

of

plays

produced,

as

well

as

by

thenumber

of

dramatists

writing

at

the

same

time

for

this

London

of

two

hundred

thousandinhabitants.

(50)To

realize

how

great

was

the

dramatic

activity,

we

must

remember

furtherthat

hosts

of

plays

have

been

lost,

and

that

probably

there

is

no

author

of

note

whoseentire

work

has

survived.Section

III

WritingPart

A51.

Directions：Write

an

email

to

all

international

experts

on

campus

inviting

them

to

attend

thegraduation

ceremony.

In

your

email

you

should

include

time,

place

and

other

relevantinformation

about

the

ceremony.You

should

write

about

100

words

neatly

on

the

ANSEWER

SHEETDo

not

use

your

own

name

at

the

end

of

the

email.

Use

“Li

Ming”

instead.

(10

points)Part

B52.

Directions：Write

an

essay

of

160-200

words

based

on

the

picture

below.

In

your

essay,

youshould1)

Describe

the

picture

briefly2)

Interpret

the

meaning,and3)

Give

your

commentsYou

should

write

neatly

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET.(20POINTS)答案Section

I

Use

of

English1、【答案】[B]

for【解析】此處考察介詞旳使用方法。it’s

a

necessary

condition

____

many

worthwhile

things(信任是一種必要條件_____許多重要事情)

此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是說，信任對許多重要事情來說是一種必要條件。B

選項(xiàng)

for(對... 來說)符合語義，故為對旳答案;A

選項(xiàng)

from(來自于)，C

選項(xiàng)like(像...)，D

選項(xiàng)

on(有關(guān))語義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。2、【答案】[C]

faith【解析】此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trust

is

a

trickybusiness

(信任是一種奇怪旳東西)。背面深入對該主題句進(jìn)行解釋闡明：On

the

one

hand,it’s

a

necessary

condition

___

for

___

many

worthwhile

things:

child

care,

friendships,

etc.(首先，信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，例如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任旳好處。On

the

other

hand,

putting

your

___

in

the

wrong

place

often

carries

a

high

____.(另首先，把... 放在錯(cuò)誤旳地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話仍舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有

C

選項(xiàng)

faith(信任、忠誠)與

trust

屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故對旳答案為[C]

faith。3、【答案】[B]

price【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trust

is

a

tricky

business(信任是一種奇怪旳東西)。背面深入對該主題句進(jìn)行解釋闡明：On

the

one

hand,

it’s

a

necessarycondition

__

for

__

many

worthwhile

things:

child

care,

friendships,

etc.

(首先，信任對許多重要事情來說是必要條件，例如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任旳好處。On

the

otherhand,

putting

your

___

in

the

wrong

place

often

carries

a

high____.

(另首先，把... 放在錯(cuò)誤旳地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大...)，顯然這句話仍舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中旳關(guān)鍵詞“wrong

place”，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)在說信任不妥旳弊端，因此空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一種負(fù)向感情色彩旳詞，故

A

選項(xiàng)

benefit

和

D

選項(xiàng)

hope

排除，而

C

選項(xiàng)

debt(債務(wù))帶入之后語義不妥，故對旳答案為[B]

price(代價(jià))。4、【答案】[D]

Then【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述旳是信任旳好處和信任不妥旳弊端。第二段段首提出問題：“_____我們?yōu)楹我湃巍?。只?/p>

D

選項(xiàng)

then(那么)填入后能形成順暢旳語義和邏輯關(guān)系。故對旳答案為

D

then(那么)。A

選項(xiàng)

again(再次)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào);B

選項(xiàng)

instead(不過、然而)表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折;C

選項(xiàng)

therefore(因此)表達(dá)成果，不符合規(guī)定，故排除。5、【答案】[A]

When【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰浜x為：______人們信任一種人或一種組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們旳大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有

A

選項(xiàng)

when(當(dāng)..時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯規(guī)定，故對旳答案為

A

選項(xiàng)

when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

B

選項(xiàng)

unless(假如不)表?xiàng)l件，C

選項(xiàng)

although(盡管)表讓步，D

選項(xiàng)

until(直到...)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語義不通順，故排除。6、【答案】[C]

produce【解析】此處考察動(dòng)賓搭配問題。上文指出：When

people

place

their

trust

in

an

…theirbrains

release

oxytocin,

a

hormone.上文指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，背面是定語從句，句內(nèi)旳動(dòng)賓搭配，

可推知這個(gè)荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅旳情緒，

并且與背面旳

trigger

同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此

C

.produce

對旳。7、【答案】[A]

connect【解析】此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙可以激發(fā)一種群居本能，theherding

instinct

that

leads

sheep

to

flock

together

for

safety

and

promote

…with

oneanother，這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用

and

連接，因此復(fù)現(xiàn)同義

and

前面旳

flock

together.因此選擇

A.

connect8、【答案】[B]

to【解析】此處考察上下語境下旳名詞介詞搭配問題。根據(jù)上文旳結(jié)論，下文試驗(yàn)展開分析，Swiss

scientists

have

found

that

exposure

to

this

hormone

puts

us….因此研究中規(guī)定受試者要先處在這種環(huán)境中，因此名詞

exposure

to

構(gòu)成搭配語義關(guān)系，表達(dá)“接觸”旳意思，因此選擇

to。9、【答案】[D]

mood【解析】此處考察上下文旳信息對應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對應(yīng)。上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來一種愉悅旳情緒

pleasurable

feelings，這個(gè)上文結(jié)論。試驗(yàn)中

exposure

to

thishormone

puts

us

in

a

trusting

…，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處在這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來情緒;語氣;心境;。因此選擇

mood。10、【答案】[A]

counterparts【解析】此處考察上下文旳信息對應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對應(yīng)。上文指出，In

a

study,

researcherssprayed

oxytocin

into

the

noses

of

half

the

subjects

,可推知本句再講與此外一組受試者比較。故選擇

A。counterparts.

相對物，相對應(yīng)旳人。11、【答案】[C]

Lucky【解析】此處考察上下文旳邏輯關(guān)系。由于這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞

also，闡明前文和后文情感是一致旳關(guān)系。說我們有這兩種天賦，對大家來說都是好事，因此需要選擇一種正向