當(dāng)代商學(xué)概論

FundamentalsofBusinessLecture1:Introduction

Whattocovertoday：ThenatureofbusinessFormsofbusinessownershipFranchisingBusinessmissionandcompanyprofileExercisesWhatisbusiness?money(capital&profit)companyproducts(goods&services)peoplemarketcountries&culturesconferences,negotiations&tripscommunication1.ThenatureofbusinessBusinessis:theexchangeortradeforthingspeoplewantorneedtheproduction,distributionandsaleofgoodsandservicesforaprofitagoal-directedbehaviouraimedatgettingandusingproductiveresourcestobuy,make,trade,andsellgoodsandservicesthatcanbesoldataprofit

(Source:Jones,2007.IntroductiontoBusiness:

HowCompaniesCreateValueforPeople)productiveresourceslandcapitalenterpriselabor2.1Factorstobeweighedindecision-makingeaseofformationliabilityforbusinessdebtscontrolovertheoperationmanagementexpertiseavailablefinancialresourcesavailabletaxationpoliciescontinuitylegalcapacity2.2Soleproprietorshipadvantages&disadvantages

D4:lackofcontinuityIftheownerdiesorbecomestooilltomanagethebusiness,thereisnoseparatelegalentityinexistencewithwhichthepublic,creditors,suppliersoremployeescandealtoensurethecontinuityofthebusiness.2.3.2Generalpartnership普通合伙企業(yè)vs.limitedpartnership有限合伙企業(yè)2.3.3Advantages&disadvantages2.4Companycompanypubliclyownedquasi-publiclyownedprivatelyownedprofitnon-profitprivatelyheld(scorp.,LLC)publiclyheld(usu.Ccorp.)publiclyownedcompanies:establishedbythegovernment,e.g.theU.S.PostalService,big4banksinChina,CNPC,Sinopec,CNOOCquasi-publiclyownedcompanies:establishedprivately,butoperatedforpublicserviceandwithhighdegreeofgovernmentregulationandprotection,e.g.privateschoolsandhospitalsprivatecompanies:establishedprivatelyandoperatedforprivateinterests;includingthebulkofexistingcompaniesprofitprivatecompanies:establishedtocarryoutbusinessforprofit-makingpurposesnon-profitprivatecorporations:establishedforcharitableorreligiouspurposesprivatelyheldprofitprivatecompanies:

LLCorScorp.;donotpubliclyoffertheirstock;ownedbyoneorafewshareholderswhonormallyhavefamilyorotherclosetiesandalsomanagethebusinesspubliclyheldprofitprivatecompanies:

Ccorp.(alsocalledLLCbyshare,publiccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclistedcompany);publiclyofferandfreelytradetheirsharesonstockexchanges;ownedbyanumberofunrelatedshareholderswhodonotactivelymanagethecompany(passiveinvestors,cf.limitedpartners);gopublic,IPO首次公開募股

2.4.1CorporationProportionofExistingBusinessesunderEachFormofOwnershipProportionofBusinessRevenueGeneratedbyEachFormofOwnershipCorporatecharter&legalpersonCorporatecharter公司章程:adocumentusedtoincorporateabusiness,andfiledwiththestategovernmentThecharterdescribesimportantaspectsofthecorporation,e.g.thenameofthefirm,thestockissued,andthefirm’soperationsBylaws公司規(guī)章areestablishedtoprovidegeneralguidelinesformanagingthefirm

Advantages&disadvantagesA4:continuouslife(perpetualcontinuity)

Theoretically,acorporationhasaperpetualexistence;itcontinuesuntildissolved,merged,orterminatedforotherreasons.D4:agencyproblem

High-levelmanagersmaymakedecisionsthatareintheirbestinterests,attheexpanseofshareholders.2.4.3Limitedliabilitycompany(LLC)notacorporationinnatureahybridbusinessentityblendingacorporation,apartnership,andevenasoleproprietorhasallthefavorablefeaturesofatypicalgeneralpartnership,butalsoofferslimitedliabilityforthepartners(members)theprimarycharacteristicanLLCshareswithacorporationislimitedliability,andtheprimarycharacteristicitshareswithapartnershipistheavailabilityofpass-throughincometaxation.hasfewerrestrictionsonthenumberandtypeofownersandontheliabilityprotectionthanScorporation3.Franchising特許經(jīng)營(yíng)buddingperiod:theearly1900s,fillingstations,cardealershipsgrowthperiod:sincethemid-1960s,parallelingtheenormousexpansionofthefastfoodindustryThreebasictypesoffranchising:productfranchising:licensingfortherighttoselltrademarkedgoodspurchasedfromthefranchiserandresoldbythefranchisee,e.g.cardealers,gasolinestationsmanufacturingfranchising:licensingfortherighttoproduceanddistributeproducts,usingsuppliespurchasedfromthefranchiser,e.g.soft-drinkbottlingplantsbusiness-formatfranchising:licensingfortherighttoopenabusinessusingthefranchiser’snameandformatfordoingbusiness,e.g.fastfoodchainsAdvantagesoffranchising:triplebenefitsoffranchisingaccordingtothepresidentoftheInternationalFranchiseAssociation:“Thefranchiserwinsbecausehebuildsastrongfoundationforhiscompany.The

franchiseewinsbecausehecantakeadvantageofthefranchiser’sprovenbusinesssystem.Andthegeneralpublicbenefitsfromtheconsistencyoftheproductorservice.”Casestudy:AGodsend

4.Businessmissionandcompanyprofile4.1Businessmission/vision

--abriefstatementthattellsstakeholdersandthepublicwhythefirmisinbusiness,howitintendstosatisfycustomerneeds,andwhyitwillsatisfytheirneedsbetterthanitscompetitorsSamplemissionstatementsNikeOurmissionfortheNikebrandis:Tobringinspirationandinnovationtoeveryathleteintheworld.AlibabaAlibabaGroup(Alibabaforshort)isaglobale-commerceleaderbasinginChina.Alibabahas7subsidiarycompanies,businessinvolvingtheB2B,C2C,onlinepayments,softwareservice,searchengine,onlineadvertising,locallivingandconsumptioncommunityetc.Alibabaiscommittedtobuildingtheworld‘sleadinge-commerceinfrastructureandhighqualityonlinelivingplatform.4.2CompanyprofileCompanyhistoryFoundersand/orcurrenttopmanagersMajorlineofbusinessLocationandsubsidiariesMarketsStaffsizeProductioncapacityAnnualturnover/salesAwardsOracleChinaProfileStatus:theworld’s____enterprisesoftwarecompany,____globalsoftwaregiantin____Establishedin:____Headquarters:RedwoodShores,______Headcount:______Annualrevenue:____LaunchedonChina’smarketin____OracleChinabranches:Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,____Services:9iE-Businessplatform,E-BusinessSuite,consultingservices,______,andsupportserviceslargesteducationChina1977California42,000$11billion1989ChengdufirstSamplecompanyprofileGM/corporate/about/company.jsp

Ecolab

/CompanyProfile/

PhilipsEnglishversion:

/about/company/companyprofile.page

Chineseversion:

/about/company/companyprofile.page

AlibabaEnglishversion:/specials/aboutalibaba/index.html?tracelog=24581_foot_company_info

Chineseversion: