學(xué)院 班級：師范大 學(xué)院 班級：2014—2015學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末考試試卷（B科目：英語閱 PartI.TrueorFalseStatements(15Directions:Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetextsyouhavelearned.Forthoseyouthinkaretrue,mark“A”onyouranswersheet.Forthoseyouthinkarefalse,mark.TRUEAALSEAccordingtoAdams,seatbeltsmaycausepeopletodrivemorerecklesslybecausedriverstrustthesafetymeasurestheyhaveandtheyknowtheyhaveenoughprotectionagainstdanger.(U8TheHiddenDangerofSealBelts)Asfortheexampleofadriver“negotiatingacurve”,beforedriving,thedriverwouldtakeintoconsiderationtherisks,suchasthecostofbanginguphisshinynewcar,andrewardsofdriving,suchasimpressinghiscompanionwithhisdrivingskills.(U8TheHiddenDangerofSealBelts)Accordingtotheauthor,everydaypeopleinstinctivelyandunknowinglymakemanydecisionsabouttheirsafety.(U8TheHiddenDangerofSealBelts)Accordingtothetext,most efamiliescanreceivefederalassistanceforhousing.(U9TheHousingCrisisGoesSuburban)Accordingtotheauthor,apossiblewaytosolvetheproblemofscarcityofaffordablehousingistomakearealestatecrash.(U9TheHousingCrisisGoesSuburban)HousinginAmericatodayisnotjustanurbanpovertyissue,butisalsoamiddle-classquality-of-lifeissue.(U9TheHousingCrisisGoesTheUnitesStatesmakesthemostlavishinvestmentineducationbecauseAmericanshavealong-standingbeliefinthevalueofeducation.(U10TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofThecontrastmadebytheauthorbetweenthemedievalimageofuniversityandthemodernuniversityisforthepurposeoflingpeoplethatauniversityshouldbelikeanivorytower,withscholarsngresearchersinit.(U10TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofAccordingtoWoodrowWilson,the13thofPrinceton,itismoreimportantforcollegestoimpartthespiritoflearninginsteadoflearningitself.(U10TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofCrisis)Ithasbeenalongtimesincesportisconvertedintocommercialentertainment.(U2CommercializationandChangesinSports)Withafewtechnicalknowledgeaboutasport,spectatorsareimpressedmoreaboutbyathleticskillsandstrategiesusedbyplayersandcoaches.(U2CommercializationandChangesinSports)Thesuccessofcommercialsportsdependsonspectatorappeal.(U2CommercializationandChangesinSports)Beinginadifferentandunfamiliarcountrymaycausealotofproblems,suchasyoucan’treadanything,don’tknowwhatpeoplearetalkingabout,can’tevenreliablycrossastreet.Inspiteofthose,theauthorstillbelievestheywillarouseachildlikecuriosity,whichexcitestheauthor.(U3Oslo)Alltheotheraudiencethoughttheauthordidn’tfollowtheseatinstructionsimplybecausehewasashameful .(U3Oslo)Theauthor’sexperienceinwatchingTVprogramsinOsloshowsthatonecanstillunderstandtheideawithoutknowingthelanguage.(U3PartII.ReadingComprehension.(30PassageQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingMerchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforevery aboardand,inmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesCoastGuardrequirements,lifepreserversmustbesimpleindesign,reversible,capableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorbackwardSufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hourinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonThepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupporta jumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiated seveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditionswhichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifepreservershouldbereversible,sothatitisnearlyimpossibletosetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifepreservershouldalsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersinthewaterwhiletryingtoThepassageismainlyabout theusesoflifethedesignoflifethematerialsforlifethebuoyancyoflifeAccordingtothepassage,alifepreservershouldbefirstof UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertothemade withasfewstringsascapableofbeingwornonbothaccordingtoeachwearer’scomfortableandlighttoBy“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,line5)theauthorrefersto whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifewhohasalittleexperienceinusingalifewhousesalifepreserverwithout esnervousbeforeaWhatwouldhappenifa weresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?ThewaveswouldmovehimThewaterwouldchokeHewouldimmediaysinktotheHewouldbeexhaustedorPassageQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingAhundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistence()incaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist(維持生活),inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason”.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusedanykindofsocialobligation.Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeach wereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature,actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwantearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundless,fromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininter- alrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredue theslowdevelopmentofthethepoorandjoblesspeople’sownthelackofresponsibilityonthepartofthelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeeverybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthepeoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardstheThewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould providebenefitsforthesick,oldandencouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialguaranteeeveryonetherighttobeprovideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiodTheword“fallacy”(Para.2.L.5)means strongwrongAccordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistence demandstoomuchfrommakesfreedomofcontracthelpspeopletakeinterestintheirhelpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongPassageQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingThenewborncanseethedifferencebetweenvariousshapesandpatternsfrombirth.Hepreferspatternstodullorbrightsolidcolorsandlookslongeratstripesandanglesthanatcircularpatterns.Withinthreeweeks,however,hispreferenceshiftsdramaticallytothehumanface.Whyshouldababywithsolittlevisualexperienceattendmoretoahumanfacethantoanyotherkindofpattern’?Somescientiststhinkthispreferencerepresentsabuiltinadvantageforthehumanspecies.Theobjectofprimeimportancetothephysicallyhelplessinfantisahumanbeing.Babiesseemtohaveanaturaltendencytothehumanfaceaspotentiallyrewarding.Researchersalsopointoutthatthenewbornwiselyreliesmoreonpatternthanonoutline,size,orcolor.Patternremainsstable,whileoutlinechangeswithpointofview;size,withdistancefromanobject;andbrightnessandcolor,withlighting.Mothershavealwaysclaimedthattheycouldseetheirnewbornslookingatthemastheyheldthem,despitewhattheyhavebeentold.Theexpertswhothoughtthatperception知覺)hadtoawaitphysicaldevelopmentandtheconsequenceofactionwerewrongforseveralreasons.Earlierresearchtechniqueswerelesssophisticatedthantheyaretoday.Physicalskillswereonceusedtoindicateperceptionofobjects-skillslikevisualtrackingandreachingforanobject,bothofwhichthenewborndoespoorly.Then,too,assumptionsthatthenewborn’seyeandbrainweretooimmatureforanythingassophisticatedaspatternrecognitioncausedopposingdatatobethrownaway.Sinceperceptionofformwaswidelybelievedtofollowperceptionofmore“basic”qualitiessuchascolorandbrightness,thepossibilityofitspresencefrombirthwasrejected.WhatdoesanewbornbabyliketoseeBrightCircularStripesandThenewbornpaysmoreattentiontoahumanfacethananyotherkindofobjectsbecause heseesahumanfacemoreoftenthananyotherkindofhehasaninherentabilitytoregardahumanbeingasahumanfaceisthemostcomplexpatternhecanahumanfaceisoften paniedbyapleasantvoice28.Contrarytowhattheybelieve,mothershavebeentoldthatnewborns carelittleaboutahumancan’ttracktheircan’tseetheircaneasilyperceiveInearlierresearchesonthenewborn’sperception,scientists ignoredevidencecontrarytotheirbelievedthatperceptionofformcomesbeforeperceptionofcolorandbrightnessopposedthrowingawayeffectiveprovedthatphysicalskillscomeaftervisualThemainideaofthepassageisthat researchtechniquesareofvitalimportancescientificthefindingsofearlierscientificresearchersoftenprovenewbornscanperceiveformsfrommoreoftenthannottheclaimsofmothersarePartIII.Vocabulary(Directions:Chooseforeachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebank.WritethelettersontheAnswerSheet.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.Q.R.S.T. Americausedtoofferhousing to epeopletoshowtheircareforpeople’slivingcondition. Shegavea goodperformanceintheTVprogramasaofficerinvestigatingamurder. Sportshavebeensoheavilypackaged,promoted,presentedandplayedas productsastheyaretoday. TheClintonadministrationprogramhasrazedmoresubsidizedapartmentsthanithas Thelittlegirlwastaughtathomesoshewas fromsocialcontactwithotherchildren. Seatbeltsmaycauseadrivertodrivemoreriskstootherpeople. Ayoungcoupleinthecinemalockedinthesort

,andthusassociatedwithdocksidereunionsattheendoflongB8.ThecreditcardtheneedforcarryingalargeamountofB9.Nowthatweknowthebasisofanattack,whatcanwedotoprotectourselvesfromthis?B10.TheFrenchcan’tgetthehangofqueuingbecauseassoonasthebuspullsup,thelineinstantly,andeveryonescramblestobethefirstaboard.B11.Contrarytoconventionalwisdom,theuseofseatbeltsin18countriesresultedineithernochangeoranetincreaseinroadaccidentdeaths.B12.Afterretiring,hebecamearadiooncricketandrugby,andalsowroteaboutbothsportsforSundaynewspapers.B13.HOPEVIdemolishedalotofworstpublichousing,andbuilteintheirplace.B14.Throughouthistorysportshavebeenusedasformsofpublicentertainment,buttodaysports e.B15.Guidoswungthesteering-wheelroundtotheDirections:Chooseforeachoftheblankswithanappropriatephraseorexpressionfromthebank.WritethelettersontheAnswerSheet.A.takeabackseatB.cometoC.inpursuitD.wanderingbackandE.thebottomF.peerG.spreadH.workI.pipeJ.gettakenK.liveupL.gotlevelM.tallyN.bedevoidO.getthehangP.totheQ.revolveR.insupportS.downontheirT.distinguishB16.Criticizingthesecurityproceduresusually makingthemB17.Ifthegameisover,I’ll theB18. isthatriskdoesn’texistinavacuumandthatthereareahostoffactorsthatcomeintoplay.B19.Amassmovementagainstforced theB20.Rooseveltsignedhousinglegislationin1934and1937,providingmortgages,ernmentapartmentsandconstructionjobsforworkers B21.Theargument B22.Thescholarsandteachersinuniversitiesaremeanttomoveinandoutoftheacademy opportunitiestousetheirexpertiseinpublicservice.B23.Thuswe theacquisitionofinformation,somethingthatisessentialforprofessionaltraining,andthedevelopmentofhabitsofmindthatcanbeappliedinanyprofession. Thebankisinsolventandisunable its Withoutthistechnicalknowledge,peopleareeasilyimpressedthinsextrinsictothegameormatchitself;they Foreignpolicywill domesticproblemsfora TheFrench,forinstance,cannot queuing.Theytryandtry,butitisthem. Thetrainarrivedat5o’clock MostlyIhungaroundthecitycenter, betweentherailwaystationandtheroyalpalace.. Justashe thetopofthebrokentrunk,thelimbonwhichhewasstandingcrackedominouslyunderhisfeet.PartIV.TextExploration.(10Directions:Thefollowingpassageisthesummaryofthetext“TheHousi