2003年攻讀入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewinlectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheirplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleintheIntheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]in [B]asa [C]for [D]ina[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [A] [B] [C] [D]13.y14.15.ifnowsoeven16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D][A]Onthecontrary[B]Onthe [A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]Section ReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextWildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhofortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.ofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceinligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateinligence-ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat mutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,acornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisin.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfrom,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttolgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmemberskeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takes prideinitsindependentvoice.TheemergenceoftheNet receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaDonovan’sstoryismentionedinthetext introducethetopicofonlineshowhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationhonorhisuniqueservicestotheThephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidestItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4 straitford’spredictionabouthasprovedstraitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbystraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableStraitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficientmilitaryTexttriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberayharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.TothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducetheseatbestandcruelatMuchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonly alitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swords callonscientiststotakesomecriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalwarnofthedoomofbiomedicalshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearch cruelbutinhumanandinevitablebutpointlessandTheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthe discontentwithanimalignoranceaboutmedicalindifferencetoanxietyaboutanimalTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould communicatemorewiththeemployhi-techmeansinfeelnoshamefortheirstrivetodevelopnewFromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooper awell-knownamedicalanenthusiastinanimalasupporterofanimalTextInrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.ThevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareShipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremeRailroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail'snetrailwayoperatingein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippers Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikely costreductionisbasedonservicescallforcross-tradeoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoshipperswillhavetherailwaybytheWhatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailItcanbeinferredfromparagraph3 shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivaltherewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanyoverchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforrate ernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwayTheword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyrefersto whoworkaswhofunctionaswhosupervisewhodeterminetheAccordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycaused thecontinuingthegrowingthecheeringWalltheshrinkingTextItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,patient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyIn1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwill$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethataernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradoernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,chairmanSumnerRedstoneandformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingcouldimprovepeople’slives.WhatisimpliedinthefirstAmericansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherAmericansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverAmericansareover-confidentoftheirmedicalAmericanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeTheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshow medicalresourcesareoftendoctorsarehelplessagainstfatalsometreatmentsaretoomedicalcosts ingTheauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisonestrong [B][C]slight [D]enthusiasticIncontrastotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalmore [B]more[C]more [D]moreThetextintendstoexpresstheideathat.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthlivingdeathshouldbeacceptedasafactofexcessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthPartBReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirlive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,anthropologypassesthestudyofallofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,political,science,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinysis.（43）Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalbroughttotheysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatinlectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.（44）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared,andpatternedbehavior.（45）Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.Section 46.Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayentitledinwhichyoushould1）describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2）pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20第一部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)第二段特別強(qiáng)師在設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)時(shí)要注意保持其多樣性以適應(yīng)青少年注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間[A]（give）thought(to)[B]（givesb.an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情況[C]（haveagood/bad）opinion(of)[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：固定搭配Teachersneedtobeaware同時(shí)他們須認(rèn)真……theyteachersyoungadults，第二句中的giveserious1to與第一句中的beawareof（知道，）也應(yīng)在意義上相呼應(yīng)。to連用；opinion意見(jiàn)；看法不與give搭配；advice（建議）雖然可與give及to搭配，但介詞to后應(yīng)接人，即建議的接受者，如果要表達(dá)“提出…方面的應(yīng)該用“giveadviceonsth。只有g(shù)ivethoughtto是一個(gè)固定搭配，其中的thought不能替換為別的詞匯，它放入句中表示“同時(shí)他們也應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些年輕人如何最好地2這例句補(bǔ)充：Igavemuchthoughttowhathesaidyesterday.（我對(duì)他昨天說(shuō)的那番話做了許多思考；ThebookgivesyouagoodideaoflifeinancientGreece.書(shū)能讓你對(duì)古希臘的生活有一些了解)；Everyonehasapooropinionofacoward.（每個(gè)人對(duì)懦夫的印象都不好；NowIwanttogiveyousomeadvice.(現(xiàn)在給你提些建[A]strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固[B]modate[C]stimulate[D]enhance[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)賓搭配本題要求考生判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以與suchchanges構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。suchchanges在這里指的是第一句提到的theemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchanges。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，空格所在部分是由how連接一個(gè)句子做givethoughtto的介詞賓語(yǔ)。句子中they指代的是youngadults（年輕人。從語(yǔ)意上看，考生關(guān)鍵要判斷“年輕人”對(duì)他們“情感、心智 modate表達(dá)的含義最恰當(dāng)“適應(yīng)變化。的）變化。常與change搭配的動(dòng)詞請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)2004年第13題。 modate表示“適應(yīng)”時(shí)，還常用 modateoneselftosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，例句：Hehas modatehimselftochangedsituation.（他不得不適應(yīng)變了的形勢(shì)[A]care關(guān)心，照 [B]nutrition營(yíng)[C]exercise練習(xí)，鍛 [D]leisure空閑，安[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文中相關(guān)部分是“成長(zhǎng)的身體需要運(yùn)動(dòng)和3，但不僅僅是在強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)賽的方面需要這movementneed即，和movement同樣都可以通過(guò)競(jìng)賽的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。這樣只有exercise合適，它與competition屬于同一語(yǔ)義范疇，并可以用于競(jìng)賽。[A]If（表?xiàng)l件 [B]Although（表轉(zhuǎn)折[C]Whereas然而，反之，但是（表轉(zhuǎn)折 [D]Because（表因果[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系4theyareadjustigto…，teenagersreespeiallyslf-consioustheytenager前一分句為“青年正在應(yīng)新的體狀況心和情感方的諸多，下分句意，所以我意識(shí)烈。此becaue。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：ahostof例句：Ihaveahostofthingstodotoday.(我今天有一大堆事情要做)。[A]assistance幫助，協(xié) [B]guidance引導(dǎo)，指[C]confidence信心 [D]tolerance[答案]C[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+名詞詞義辨析（teenaers）ned thatcomesfromachievingconfidence（信心。[A]claimed（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求，索取，主張[B]admired[C]ignored忽視 [D]surpassed[答案]B[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析（teenagersneedthatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheir plishmentsare byothers（青少年需要自信，自信來(lái)自成功，也來(lái)自知道他們的成績(jī)受到別人的……。首先，考生要注意分析其中定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：句中主語(yǔ)是that指代的先行詞confidence，謂語(yǔ)是comesfrom，賓語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)achievingsuccess和knowingthat…。因此 根據(jù)，只有當(dāng)自己的成績(jī)受到別人羨慕時(shí)，人們才會(huì)產(chǎn)生信心。顯然只有admired符合知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充 plishment的構(gòu)詞法是 [A]improper不恰當(dāng) [B]risky[C]fair公平的，美麗 [D]wise明智[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+形容詞詞義辨析somuchcompetitionthat…，句意為“青少年典型的生7多敗者少的活動(dòng)，這樣就可以首先排除improper和risky。在剩下的fair和wise中，后[A]ineffect實(shí)際 [B]asaresult結(jié)果（表因果關(guān)系[C]forexample（表例證關(guān)系）[D]inasense[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers（策劃一些勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)后文是publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews（有許多學(xué)生撰寫書(shū)評(píng)的通訊。本題要求考生判斷兩部分之間是什么（activitiesnewsletters，“forexample。[A]displaying展 [B]describing描[C]creating創(chuàng) [D]exchanging交[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+動(dòng)賓搭配從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，9studentartworkpublishingnewsletterssponsoringbookdiscussionclubs的藝術(shù)品）構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，并體現(xiàn)出勝者多敗者少的特點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有“展示（displayig[A]durable耐用的，持久 [B]excessive過(guò)多的，額外[C]surplus多余的，過(guò)剩 [D]multiple眾多的，多樣[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文中的相關(guān)部分是Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide 10opportunities，它要求考生判斷各種各樣的小型可以提供什么樣的機(jī)會(huì)。解題的是前面的variety（多樣，多樣性多種多樣的應(yīng)該提供多種多樣的（multiple）機(jī)會(huì)，而不（durable，詞匯補(bǔ)充：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，durable原義是“能夠抵抗磨損，撕扯或腐蝕的；excessive；surplus，surpluspopulation（過(guò)剩人口；multiple如：amanofmultipleinterests(廣泛的人)。[A]group團(tuán)體，組，群， [B]individual個(gè)人（的 [D]corporation公[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：，clubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11_dynamics，注意其中的連詞aswellas（而且）表明forpractice和forleadership并列修飾opportunities，即“不僅提供（學(xué)生）培養(yǎng)系的練習(xí)。注意上下文中的club和leadership顯示了這是一種團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)中的individual概念與之相nel和corporation不適合文章談?wù)摰膶?duì)象。對(duì)于學(xué)校學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，在“團(tuán)體動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系即集體活動(dòng)”方面提供練習(xí)的說(shuō)法比較合理，因此，group，[A]consent同意，贊成，允 [B]insurance保[C]admission[D]security[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：“_12_security，因?yàn)殪t腆的學(xué)生需要交朋友，需要加入某種團(tuán)體以獲得安全感。最具干擾的選項(xiàng)是admission，它可以表示“獲得加入某個(gè)團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)利它必須與to或into搭配，例句：China’sadmissiontotheUnitedNations（允許中國(guó)加合國(guó)。[A]particularly[B]barely[C]definiy肯定無(wú)疑地，明確地[D]rarely很少地，難[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文章相關(guān)部分是shystudentsneedthesecuritywithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground，visible，其含義是“靦腆的學(xué)成事情。選項(xiàng)中particularly和definiy是程度副詞，在visible前可表強(qiáng)調(diào)，但“特別看得見(jiàn)”和“肯定看得見(jiàn)”不合文意；rarelybarelyvisible（幾乎看不見(jiàn)）最知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：barelyIcouldbarelyseetheroadinthefog.hardlyscarcely[A]similar相似 [B]long長(zhǎng)[C]different不同 [D]short短[[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：的運(yùn)用空格后的attentionspan小學(xué)生注意力的持續(xù)時(shí)間大約為半小時(shí)，超過(guò)半小時(shí)后，他們就不能夠集中精力。隨著3～4選擇short，15.[A]ifonly表?xiàng)l件（[C]sothat（表目的（[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)varietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)，participantscanremainactive（讓參加者保持活躍。本題要求考生判斷這兩部分之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。從邏輯上講，讓活動(dòng)多樣化應(yīng)該是為了讓參與者保持，兩者之間是與目的的關(guān)系，這里需要一個(gè)表目的的連詞，因此只有sothat符合文意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：ifonly常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：IfonlyMotherwerehere.（要是now；eventheresultwouldbethesame.（即使他來(lái)了，結(jié)果還是會(huì)一樣。[A]everything（else）其他每件事物[B]anything(else)（任何）[C]nothing(else)無(wú)其他事 [D]something(else)其他的事[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：不定代詞用法辨析elsesomethingelse繼續(xù)參知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：elsesomething：Let’strysomething（我們嘗試一下其它的事吧；Idon’tthinkthereisanythingelseweneeddiscusstonight.不認(rèn)為今天晚上還有其他什么事情要討論)；Hehadnothingelsetodoexcepttoreturntohisroom.（除了回房間，他沒(méi)有其他事情可做/別無(wú)選擇；Everythingelsedependsuponthat.（其他的每件事都取決于此。[A](letoff[B](let)down[C](let)out放掉，，放大，出租[D](let)alone不管,不打[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法辨析（而參與別的活動(dòng)，既不會(huì)感到內(nèi)疚，也不會(huì)讓其他參加者_(dá)17_feelingguiltyletletothers等等。[A]Onthecontrary相 [B]Ontheaverage按平均數(shù)計(jì)[C]Onthewhole總的看 [D]Ontheotherhand另一方[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：的意思是完全對(duì)立的，即后一部分與前一部分相反。選項(xiàng)中只有Onthecontrary能夠準(zhǔn)Heisclever,butontheotherhand,hemakesmanymistakes.（他很聰明，但從另一（—你差不多做完了吧？—恰恰相反，我剛剛開(kāi)始；Womenmakeontheaverageonlytwo-thirdsofwhatmenearn.（平均算來(lái)，女性的收入僅是收入的三分之二Youhavemadeafewmistakesbutonthewholeyouhavedonewell.（你犯了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，但總體19.[A]making(for)，有利于，傾向于，導(dǎo)[B]standing(for)[C]planning(for)[D]taking(for)[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19for表明_19forroles是helpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitment的方式和。commitment意為“承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與for搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)rolesplanningfor格后表示“策劃創(chuàng)造一些（合適的）角色，可以看作是“幫助學(xué)生獲得責(zé)任感”的，planactivities，avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedallow，answer，apply，arrange，ask，crave，fall，go，hope，，hunt，have，long，pray，speak，search，thirst，wantfor（缺少，wishfor（希望，yearnfor（思慕。[A]capability能力，性能，容量，接受 [B]responsibility責(zé)[C]proficiency熟練，精 [D]efficiency效率，功[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析helpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbyplanningforrolesthatarewithintheir_20andtheirattentionspansthatproficiencyefficiency，withinresponsibilitycommitment”的近義詞，但考生需仔細(xì)考慮一下，此處“responsibility”修飾的是“roles緊急的+cy；capability=capableility，responsibility=responsible+ilityjuvenility=juvenile青少年的+ityservility=servile奴性的+ity，是十分明智的。例如有許多學(xué)生撰寫書(shū)評(píng)的通訊，展示學(xué)生的藝術(shù)作品，組織讀書(shū)研，第二部分閱讀理解試A部第一段：以著名比爾?多諾汶為，段尾提出文章的：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在改變可以獲取的接著文章以斯特雷福公司為典型事例，說(shuō)明很多公司在這一趨勢(shì)中獲益。在寫作手法上，以時(shí)間順序?yàn)橹骶€，利用例證法說(shuō)明段落。 receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaprofession[答案]B

[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題即一定會(huì)利用它來(lái)進(jìn)行工作。句子使用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣（wouldhaveloved，這說(shuō)明多“TheseNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.。其中的“Donovan’svocation”指的就是“inligenceservices（工作。此外，解答本題的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵是對(duì)“reshape”一詞的理解，它的含義是“recast，remold”即“改造，給·B是主要意義是“tocomeorbringbackintouseorexistence經(jīng)信息在第段中我們道聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出推動(dòng)了行業(yè)發(fā)展也沒(méi)有找到何有關(guān)行業(yè)經(jīng)中斷信息而選項(xiàng)C所對(duì)應(yīng)的文“re-madepastimsasbuyingboksandendingmilrestre”和“remake”e-make”“r-create（綴有關(guān)。restore：①bringbackintoexistenceoruse；reestablish（使恢復(fù)存在或使用；重新建立；②bringbacktoanoriginalcondition（使回到原來(lái)的狀態(tài)；③put(someone)backinaformerposition（使復(fù)職，把（）放回原來(lái)地位Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto showhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationhonorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA[答案]A

[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者意圖題諜只是為文章展開(kāi)討論前提供了一個(gè)，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他B、C、D選項(xiàng)雖然可能都與多諾汶的生平事跡有關(guān)，但是與文章無(wú)關(guān)，因此都不正確。Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidestpopularity[答案]C[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：詞義題

，的收集具有越來(lái)越重要的影響局也對(duì)它。然后第三段又列舉了“司特雷福公司”這個(gè)典型的例子，說(shuō)它是在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的佼佼者。makingthebiggestsplash義是“tocreateaforceful,favorable,andnoticeableeffect，BDItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4 straitford’spredictionabouthasprovedtrue truthfulnessofitsinformationstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbystraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation[

從文章第四段推論出其中的暗示 斯特雷福公司關(guān)于的預(yù)測(cè)已經(jīng)[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題第四段的主要內(nèi)容是：Friedman吃飯的。這就暗示司特雷福公司能夠提供相當(dāng)可靠的，因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。從常理上來(lái)說(shuō)，這也是不可能的。Atrustworthy，trusty。這些詞的中心含義都是“worthyofrelianceortrust（值得依 Straitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficientmilitarybackground[答案]B

[A]地[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題（局外人”的地位，不對(duì)的腔調(diào)隨聲附和，可以獨(dú)立地宣稱自己的主張，因此它給人報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)，但是公司本身并不附屬于軍方，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)在文中也找不到依據(jù)。conformist教上遵奉國(guó)教引伸義是“墨守陳規(guī)者，formist的含義包括“非國(guó)，不墨守5（12。從語(yǔ)言角度講，該篇文章通俗易懂，難度不是很3。此外，從命題的角度來(lái)看，還可以命制文章主旨題和作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度TheauthormentionedCIA’scontesttoshow CIAwaseagertoknowwhowasabletogetasmuchinformationaboutBurundiaspossibleOpen-SourceSolutionsisaverysuccessfulcompanyininformationelectronicspyingisn’tsomethingOpen-SourceSolutions’successisanoldStraifordis asasuccessinthemasteryoftheelectronicasasuccessfulspyingtoshowhowtheNetinfluencesthespyingtoshowtheimportanceofbeingindependent Thephrase“earnsitskeep”(lastline,paragraph4)mostprobably keepsitsleading [B]makes[C]takes [D]stickstotheThebesttitleforthepassagemight Spying:anInformationInternetChangestheTheSuccessofInligence-ysisSpyingintheNew參考答案（1）C ①TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.這個(gè)句子的特點(diǎn)是定語(yǔ)從句中含有兩個(gè)并列的分句。該句子的主干是：TheAmericanspymaster...wasfascinatedwithinformation，主語(yǔ)后是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)其修andbuilttheOfficelaidtherootsbefascinatedwithlaytherootsfor②Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatofespionage—spyingasa引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：he“greatgame”ofespionagespyingasa“profession”espionagecometohand補(bǔ)充：whatever（whichever，whoever，whomever）除了有一般代詞的用法外，還可以做關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于anything(s)that，anyone(s)(s)who。如：Hedidwhateverhecoulddo.（他做了他能做的任何事③Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.Thewinner.wasatinyVirginiacompany...，byalargemarginatinyVirginiacompany后是calledwhose引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)solutions。④Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.句子主干是：Straitfordmakesmoneybyselling...to...，其狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中含有一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：sellsth.tosb.。theresultsofspyingsell在分詞短語(yǔ)做直接賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，對(duì)其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；corporations是sell的間接賓語(yǔ)，介詞結(jié)likeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational⑤Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.該句子是由關(guān)系副詞whereby引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句。逗號(hào)前是主句，其主干是句，修飾主句的賓語(yǔ)back-and-forthing，從句的主干是agenciesavoiddramaticAmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc,aprivateinligence-ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.makethebiggestsplashormakeasplash“splash（madequiteasplashinliterarycircleswithherfirstbook.五、詞匯與超綱詞，eyewitness（，bookworm（spy(n.)；；(v.)當(dāng)，刺探；察覺(jué)，發(fā)givebirthtopoint-and-click詞，其中point和click分別指使用電腦時(shí)的兩個(gè)常用動(dòng)作似的詞，forget-spook(n.)鬼，；行蹤的人，(v.)使害怕，驚inligence(n.)才智，智力；，部門，工compile(v.)comfortable/widemargin以較大的優(yōu)勢(shì)或懸殊byanarrowmargin以微弱多數(shù)mutually（ad.）；mutuala，inforceenforce（強(qiáng)制，加強(qiáng)）的變體。vacuum（n.）真空，真空吸塵器；(v.)（報(bào)名，，文中internetsign-up指的是“登陸網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布信息。這類復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)，stand-go-betweens（媒介者,中間人）等。earnone’skeep，keep（n.）lean（v.）(a.)他曾經(jīng)在第二次時(shí)建立了事務(wù)，后來(lái)又為 局（Central ligenceAgency）的成立打下了基礎(chǔ)（長(zhǎng)難句。多諾汶相信，在職業(yè)這個(gè)“大最近的這 活動(dòng)已經(jīng)在了數(shù)年在過(guò)的三四中國(guó)際聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)生出一可稱為擊的完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)。們把它為“公開(kāi)源。著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)，它變得來(lái)越有影響力1995年舉辦了個(gè)競(jìng)看誰(shuí)夠收集到“布迪多的信勝者勝出了一大截，卻是弗吉尼亞一家名為“公開(kāi)來(lái)源解決方案”的小公司，它的明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)是它對(duì)電子世界的把握（ 該公司的喬治·弗萊德曼說(shuō)他把網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界視為收集和發(fā)布兩方面相互增并預(yù)測(cè)在將發(fā)生一場(chǎng)“一旦這個(gè)發(fā)布，從突然新增500個(gè)用“弗萊德曼在奧斯汀市依賴的是一個(gè)人數(shù)不多的雇員團(tuán)體，其中幾位有軍事工作背頓常常提供的躲閃的言辭，這些機(jī)構(gòu)往往以此來(lái)避免發(fā)布引人注目的，因?yàn)檫@些可能出錯(cuò)（長(zhǎng)難句。弗萊德曼說(shuō)，司特雷福公司為其獨(dú)立而感到自豪這是一篇關(guān)于捍衛(wèi)利用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的文章主要使用了引證例證和推理等論證。文章目前的問(wèn)題是許多動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者并不了解生物醫(yī)學(xué)的真實(shí)情況和意義而一第一段：以艾德蒙?柏克的一句話為，：動(dòng)物權(quán)利者的了公眾的視聽(tīng)，因此，科學(xué)家應(yīng)該對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利者做出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng)。TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto callonscientiststotakesomecriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightswarnofthedoomofbiomedical

showthetriumphoftheanimalrights[

[D][本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者意圖題樣一個(gè)事業(yè)。篇首的話在篇尾又得到了呼應(yīng)：如果好人無(wú)所作為，一群不明的公眾真的有可能撲滅醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步的寶貴火種顯然文章的中心是在號(hào)召科學(xué)家們采取行動(dòng)去動(dòng)物權(quán)ABC選項(xiàng)和DMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis cruelbutinhumanandinevitablebutpointlessandwasteful[答案]B

[A]的，但是自不可避免的，但是[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題么有人會(huì)故意動(dòng)物；第二段舉例說(shuō)明人們毫無(wú)理由地動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)；第三段結(jié)尾又說(shuō)，對(duì)于不明的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)得好是浪費(fèi)，說(shuō)得不好是。因此文章多次暗示，C