Biochemistry&Molecular楊廣笑 中 工程 學時/學分：88/5.5（一學年教學目標:介紹生物化學與分子生物學的基本原理、研究方法和研究進展，通過學習使學生理解生物分子特別是生物大分子的結構、性質與功能以及生物分子在體內的代謝、表達及其調控的規(guī)律，了解教學方式：多成績計算：3%(出勤/課堂提問/作業(yè)/測驗)參 .現代分子生物學(2ndedition高等教育出版社,2002 元等譯.分子生物學— DavidL.Nelson,MichaelM.Cox.LehningerPrinciplesBiochemistry,FourthEdition,BenjaminLewin,GeneIX,EMBOBiochem.Biophys.Res.Biochem.CellBIOCHEMJ.Biochem.Mol.J.BIOL.CurrentOpinioninCurrentOpinioninCellCurrentOpinioninCurrentOpinionCurrentOpinioninCurrentOpinioninCurrent緒論糖與脂氨基酸肽

教學內

組組34.36.37. 概生物化學（Biochemistry、Biological 分子生物學（Molecular 研究生命體的元素組成第三類元素：包括、、、n和Zn。是生和四種元素是根據適合性（fitness)被以認為這些元素是根據可得性（availability)而生物體的化學組成生物分子DNA、生物和進化過程中選擇碳化合2）生物大分子及其有機物稱為構件分子（block-buildingmolecule)組核苷酸等,相對分子量為≤500Da。經過一系列代謝反應形成中間代謝物如：酸、復合物或集裝體（supermoleculecomplexorassembly);Molecularorganizationinthecellisa生化與分子生物ThreekeyeventshasshapedSynthesisofurea(1828,FredrichWohler,compoundsfoundexclusivelyinlivingorganismscouldbesynthesizedfromcommoninorganicRolesofenzymes(1897,EduardBuchner’scell-freefermentation;Emil ’sworkonRolesofnucleicacids(1944,Avery-Macleod-McCarty’sexperimentonthetransformationprinciplesofbacterialcells).第一階段遺傳的物質基礎 第二階 化學性質第三階段Watson和CrickA模型； Jacob乳 Temin和Baitimore逆轉錄的發(fā)現；SangerA 20世紀九十以來，開始了全球 組計劃（1990）large-scalesequencingonmodel(August)NIHNationalInstitutesofHealthbeginslarge-scalesequencingtrialsonfourmodelorganisms:Mycoplasmacapricolum(支原體Escherichiacoli(大腸桿菌）Caenorhabditiselegans(線蟲),Saccharomycescerevisiae(啤酒酵母)and……….（1995）publishedthesequenceHaemophilus(July)VenterandClaireFraserofTIGRandHamiltonSmithofJohnsHopkinspublishthefirstsequenceofafree-livingorganism,Haemophilusinfluenzae,(流 桿菌1.8Mb（2000）publishedthesequenceofDrosophilamelanogaster(MarchCeleraandacademiccollaboratorssequencethe180-MbgenomeofthefruitflyDrosophilamelanogaster(果蠅)(left),thelargestgenomeyetsequencedandavalidationofVenter'scontroversialwholegenomeshotgunmethod(Science).（2000）publishedthesequenceofArabidopsisthaliana(December)Aninternationalconsortiumcompletesthesequencingofthefirstplant,Arabidopsisthaliana(擬南芥)125Mb（1991）ricegenomesequencingTheJapanesericesequencingeffort(2002)ADraftSequenceofRiceGenomewaspublishedbyscientistfromChinaandSyngenta,USA(2001)DraftSequenceofHumanGenomePublished?TheHGPconsortiumpublishesitsworkingdraftNature(15February),andCelerapublishesits?inScience(16CompletePublishedGenomeProjects:BacteriaArchaeaEukaryaOngoingBacteriaArchaeaEukarya 物理物理序列1/2ofallgenes“identified”havenoknown era)”,即產生了功能 （FunctionalGenomicsandProteomics—anewfieldwithanewvocabularyOmics:meansofresearch

(DNAchip）及SAGE(Serial ysisofgeneexpression) 較，并從整體水平上對闡述，力求從細胞水乎上解決組問題；蛋白質組學技術旨在快速、高效、大規(guī)模鑒定產后組時代將對生命科學、醫(yī)學和農業(yè)產 二十一世紀是 物科學的世“科學引文索引（SCI）”指數（Impactfactor）在10以上的超一流學術，80%左右是 平 指302052107

生態(tài)平衡破 環(huán)境污 能源緊 人口膨生化與分子生物學研究領域 Twocategories:PhysiologyorMedicine;1902 (sugarandpurine1907EduardBuchner(cell-free1910AlbrechtKossel(cellchemistrymadethroughworkonproteins,includingthenucleicsubstances).1915RichardWillst?tter(plant1922ArchibaldV.Hill(productionofheatinthemuscle),OttoMeyerhof(fixedrelationshipbetweentheconsumptionofoxygenandthemetabolismoflacticacidinthemuscle)1923FrederickG.Banting,JohnMacleod1927HeinrichWieland(bile1928AdolfWindaus1929ArthurHarden,HansvonEuler-Chelpin(fermentationofsugarandfermentativeenzymes).1929ChristiaanEijkman uriticvitamin-VB1),FrederickHopkins(growth-stimulating1930 (haemin(血晶素)and1931OttoWarburg(natureandmodeofactionof1937AlbertSzent-Gy?rgyi(biologicalcombustion,vitaminandthecatalysisoffumaricacid反丁烯二酸(富馬酸)1937NormanHaworth(carbohydratesandvitaminC),Karrer(carotenoids,flavinsandvitaminsAand1938RichardKuhn(carotenoidsand1939AdolfButenandt(sexhormones),LeopoldRuzicka1943HenrikDam,Edward sy(vitamin1945SirAlexanderFleming,ErnstB.Chain,SirFlorey1946JamesB.Sumner,JohnH.Northrop,WendellStanley(enzymeandprotein1947CarlCori,GertyCori(catalyticconversionofBernardoHoussay(hormoneoftheanteriorlobe(垂體前葉)inthemetabolismof1947SirRobertRobinson1948ArneTiselius(electrophoresis,serum1950EdwardC.Kendall,TadeusReichstein,PhilipS.Hench(hormonesoftheadrenalcortex).1952SelmanA.Waksman1952ArcherJ.P.Martin,RichardL.M.Synge(partition1953HansKrebs(citricacidcycle),FritzLipmann(co-enzymeA).1953HermannStaudinger(macromolecular1954LinusPauling(structureofcomplex1955HugoTheorell(natureandmodeofactionofoxidation1955VincentduVigneaud(biochemicallyimportantsulphur1957LordTodd(nucleotidesandnucleotideco-1958GeorgeBeadle,EdwardTatum(genesactbyregulatingdefinitechemicalevents),JoshuaLederberg(geneticbinationandtheorganizationofthegeneticmaterialofbacteria).1958FrederickSanger(structureof1959SeveroOchoa,ArthurKornberg(biologicalsynthesisribonucleicacidanddeoxyribonucleic1961MelvinCalvin(carbondioxideassimilationin1962FrancisCrick,JamesWatson,MauriceWilkins(molecularstructureofnucleicacids).1962MaxF.Perutz,JohnC.Kendrew(structuresofglobular1964KonradBloch,F rLynen(cholesterolandfattyacid1964DorothyCrowfootHodgkin(structuresofimportantbiochemicalsubstances).1965Fran?oisJacob,AndréLwoff,JacquesMonod(geneticcontrolofenzymeand 1968RobertW.Holley,H.GobindKhorana,MarshallW.Nirenberg(interpretationofthegeneticcodeanditsfunctioninproteinsynthesis).1969MaxDelbrück,AlfredD.Hershey,SalvadorE.Luria(replicationmechanismandthegeneticstructureof1970LuisLeloir(sugar1971EarlW.Sutherland,Jr(mechanismsoftheactionof1972GeraldM.Edelman,RodneyR.Porter(chemicalstructureofantibodies).1972ChristianAnfinsen(aminoacidsequenceandthebiologicallyactiveconformation),StanfordMoore,WilliamH.Stein(catalyticactivityoftheactivecentreofthe1975DavidBaltimore,RenatoDulbecco,HowardM.Temin(interactionbetweentumour esandthegeneticmaterialofthecell).1975JohnCornforth(stereochemistryofenzyme-catalyzed1977RogerGuillemin,AndrewV.Schally,RosalynYalow(peptidehormones)1978WernerArber,DanielNathans,HamiltonO.Smith(restrictionenzymes).1978PeterMitc (chemiosmotictheoryofbiologicalenergy1980PaulBerg( binant-DNA),WalterGilbert,FrederickSanger(nucleicacidsequencing).1982SuneK.Bergstr?m,BengtI.Samuelsson,JohnR.Vane1982AaronKlug(structuralelucidationofimportantnucleicacid-protein1983BarbaraMcClintock(mobilegenetic1984BruceMerrifield(chemicalsynthesisofpolypeptides1985MichaelS.Brown,JosephL.Goldstein(regulation1986StanleyCohen,RitaLevi-Montalcini(growth1987SusumuTonegawa(generationofantibody1988SirJamesW.Black,GertrudeB.Elion,GeorgeHitchings(principlesfordrug1988JohannDeisenhofer,RobertHuber,Hartmut1989J.MichaelBishop,HaroldE.Varmus1989SidneyAltman,ThomasR.Cech(catalyticproperties1991ErwinNeher,BertSakmann(singleion1992EdmondH. ,EdwinG.Krebs(reversibleprotein1993RichardJ.Roberts,PhillipA.Sharp(splitgenes,裂 1993KaryB.Mullis(polymerasechainreaction),Smith(site-directed1994AlfredG.Gilman,MartinRodbell(G-1995EdwardB.Lewis,ChristianeNüsslein-Volhard,EricF.Wieschaus(geneticcontrolofearlyembryonicdevelopment).1997StanleyB.Prusiner(Prions, 1997PaulD.Boyer(synthesisofATP),JohnE.Walker,C.Skou(ion-transporting1998RobertF.Furchgott,LouisJ.Ignarro,Ferid(nitric1999GünterBlobel(protein2000ArvidCarlsson,PaulGreengard,EricR.Kandel(signaltransductioninthenervoussystem).2001LelandH.Hartwell,TimHunt,SirPaulNurse(regulatorsofthecellcycle).2002SydneyBrenner,H.RobertHorvitz,JohnE.Sulston(regulationoforgandevelopmentandprogrammedcell2003PeterAgre,RoderickMacKinnon(channelsin2002JohnB.Fenn,KoichiTanaka,Kurt

ysesofbiological2004RichardAxel,LindaBBuck(odorantreceptors,嗅覺受體2004AaronCiechanover,AvramHershko,Irwin2005BarryJMarshall,JRobinWarren(DiscoveryHelioBacte