高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列二動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過去將來等。2、時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)；主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。3、持續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動詞的被動語態(tài)。5、系動詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動形式表被動意義的動詞的用法。16種時態(tài)謂語動詞形式

一般時進(jìn)行時完成時完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在過去將來

過去將來

study/studiesam（is,are）studyinghave(has)studiedhave(has)beenstudyingstudiedwas(were)studyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudyingwill(shall)studywill(shall)bestudying

will(shall)havestudiedwill(shall)havebeenstudyingwouldstudywould(should)bestudyingwould(should)havestudied

would(should)havebeenstudying

時態(tài)(主動語態(tài))

謂語動詞形式1、一般現(xiàn)在時：v.動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)動詞加s---v.+s.2、一般過去時：v-ed動詞過去式。3、一般將來時：willdo或begoingtodo4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/aredoing5、過去進(jìn)行時：was/weredoing6、將來進(jìn)行時：willbedoing7、現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasdone(動詞過去分詞)8、過去完成時：haddone9、將來完成時：willhavedone10、過去將來時：woulddo11、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：have/hasbeendoing最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now,現(xiàn)在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般過去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow過去進(jìn)行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while過去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般將來next…,tomorrow,in…過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后的動作一.一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)：謂語動詞原形或三單v/vs1.一般用法:1〕表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用.時間狀語:every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday。e.g.Heoftengoestothecinema.2〕表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等,e.g.

Hesingswell.（能力）3〕表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言以及不受時間限制的客觀存在的事實(shí),e.g.

Knowledgeispower.（客觀真理）2.特別用法:1〕主句是將來時態(tài)或表示將來意義,時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,e.g.

I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime2〕讓步狀語從句和方式狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,e.g.①Whetheryouhelphimornot,hewillfail.②NexttimeI’lldoashesays.3〕表示按規(guī)定、時間表、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,e.g.Thetrainleavesat12:00.二.一般過去時態(tài)（謂語動詞did式）:1.基本用法:1〕表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài):時間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等

Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtogotoworkbybus.2.特別用法:

過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣:1)動詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等:Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能幫我一下。2)情態(tài)動詞could,would。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?能借用一下你的自行車嗎？三.一般將來時（謂語動詞will/shall＋do）:1.will表示沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮,而是在說話的時候才決定做某事,e.g.

--Youforgettoclosethedoor.--Oh,I’llcloseitatonce.

will表意愿

Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.

2.begoingto+不定式，表示將來。主語的意圖，即將做某事。e.g.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.

計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。e.g.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。這出戲下月開播。c.

有跡象要發(fā)生的事。e.g.Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。3.

be+不定式表將來，按計劃或安排將發(fā)生的事;命中注定的事;命令。e.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。4.beabout+不定式，意為馬上做某事。e.g.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來的時間狀語連用。四.現(xiàn)在完成時（謂語動詞have/has＋p.p.）1.基本用法:1〕影響性用法:表示一個動作發(fā)生在過去,已經(jīng)完成,且對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果,e.g.①Hehasleftthecity.（結(jié)果:他不在這個城市）②Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（結(jié)果:窗戶仍破著）2〕持續(xù)性用法:表示一個動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,e.g.Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.2.用現(xiàn)在完成時的典型場合:1〕“since＋過去時間”(自從）或“since接that從句（從句中用一般過去時）”則主句中用現(xiàn)在完成時,e.g.①Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.②WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2〕句中有sofar、uptonow、untilnow(到目前為止）in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months…）e.g.①Sofartherehasbeennonews.3〕“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third…）time＋that從句（從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時）”或“It/This/Thatistheonly…＋that從句（從句中用完成時）”或“It/This/Thatisthe＋最高級…＋that從句（從句中用完成時）”①It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.②It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.③It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改為was,則從句時態(tài)相應(yīng)改為過去完成時態(tài)）五.過去完成時（謂語動詞had＋p.p.）1.表示過去的過去時間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once…

e.g.①Ihad

hardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.

用好過去完成時,關(guān)鍵在于理解它的時間是“過去的過去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等動詞的過去完成時,表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.①Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.②Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.3.一些特殊句型中的過去完成時:1〕“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third…）time＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonly…＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe＋最高級…＋that從句”2〕bytheendof/bythetime＋過去時間,主句用過去完成時e.g.Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.3〕nosooner…than…;hardly/scarcely…when…“一……就……”

①Nosooner

hadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.

②Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.六.將來完成時（謂語will/shall＋have＋p.p.）1.表示到將來某一時間為止會完成的動作,e.g.Whenwegetthere,she’ll

havegonetowork.2.bytheendof＋將來時間,e.g.①Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.②Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.3.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時,e.g.I’llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。七.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（謂語動詞am/is/are＋v--ing）:1.

表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生的事情。e.g.We’re

havingameeting.（說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作）2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。

Heisteachinginaschool.（目前這個階段正在進(jìn)行的動作）3.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來,表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,e.g.I’m

leavingtomorrow.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always/forever/constantly/continuously等連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,e.g.①She’salwayshelpingothers.不用進(jìn)行時的動詞

1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動詞，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有兩兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.這房子是我姐的。2）表示心理狀態(tài),情感的動詞，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的幫助。Helovesherverymuch.他愛她很深。3）瞬間動詞，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的勸告。4）系動詞，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,等。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看上去有點(diǎn)累。八.過去進(jìn)行時（謂語動詞was/were＋v--ing）1.表示過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!---Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticeD.Idon’tnotice九.將來進(jìn)行時（will/shall＋be＋v--ing）1.基本用法:表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.十.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時（have/hasbeenv--ing）1.一般用法:表示現(xiàn)在以前一段時間里一直在進(jìn)行的動作,這一動作可能仍在進(jìn)行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?----Yes,that’swhyI____toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone十一、過去將來時（謂語動詞would+do）表示從過去某一時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時態(tài)常用語賓語從句或間接引語中。Eg:Lastweekhepromisedthathewouldcome,buthehasn’tarriveduntilnow.上周他答應(yīng)來的，可現(xiàn)在還沒到。Hesaidthathewouldwaitformeatthegate.他說他將在大門口等我。語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be/get+過去分詞注意1.主動變被動時，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)2.

短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto..3.

當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用從句來表示。如：Heissaidtobeasmartboy. Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.不用被動語態(tài)的情況

1.不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)。例如：（錯）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對）Thepricehasrisen.（錯）Thepricehasraised.（對）Thepricehasbeenraised.（錯）Pleaseseat.（對）Pleasebeseated.

要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2.系動詞無被動語態(tài)，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：Itsoundsgood.聽上去不錯。主動形式表示被動意義

1.表示主語特征、狀態(tài)的動詞wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：

Thebooksellswell.這本書銷路好。2.betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。例如：

Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。3.在need,require,want,worth（形容詞）,deserve后例如：

Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.門該修了。4.在“be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.5.用來做定語和被修飾的名詞有動賓關(guān)系，又和另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系的動詞不定式。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People___toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.---I’msorry,butyouarefined$50!Youknowyou___120kmanhour,don’tyou?aredrivingB.weredrivingC.havedrivenD.haddrivenDB3.They___ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe___onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking,arestillworkingB.hadworked,werestillworkingC.havebeenworking,haveworkedD.haveworked,arestillworkingA4.----Youaredrinkingtoomuch.----Onlyathome.Noone_____mebutyou.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw5.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower____increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.–WhoisJerryCooper?--___?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyetcCD7.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt___forLondontoattendameeting.

A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left8.Thecrazyfans_____patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait9.--IhearJaneshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.--Oh,hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe____?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left

CBD10.

Idon’tknowifhe_____.Ifhe_____,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome11.---Katehascomebackhomefromherlongholidaysabroad.---Oh,really?I_____.____visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoandB.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I,mgoingtoD.didn’tknow;I‘mgoingtoCA12.Ireallydon’tthinkkettywillmindit,butyou’dbettergoandseeherincaseshe_______.A.doesB.doC.willmindD.hasminded13.---Howaretheteamplaying?---Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem____hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were14.Don’tdisturbher.She___lettersallthemorningandhasfinishedeight.A.waswritingB.haswrittenC.hasbeenwritingD.wroteAAC15.In

myopinion,allMr.White____goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent.Heisverystrictintheirstudy.

A.doesdoesdoesB.doesdodo

C.doesdoesdoD.diddodoes16.Theyintendtogoonwiththeexperimentuntil10o’clocktomorrowmorning,andbythenthey___for22hours.A.areworkingB.havebeenworkingC.willbeworkingD.willhavebeenworking17.Becareful!Don’tgettheorangejuiceonyourshirt,forit____.A.isn’twashingoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.Isn’twashedoutD.won’twashoutCDD18.Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels19.—Oh,whereismywallet?MaybeIleftitinthecar.---You___thingsbehind!A.arealwaysleavingB.wereleavingC.haveleftD.alwaysleave20.Mybrother___homefortwoyearsandwehaven’theardfromhimeversincehe___.A.hasleft;leftB.hasbeenaway;wasawayC.hasbeenawayfrom;leftD.left;wasaway

CAC22MyformerEnglishteacher,who___inourschoolforover20years,nowlivesinhishometown.A.hasworkedB.workedC.hadworkedD.works23.Thenotice______“Nosmoking”.

A.istold

B.reads

C.tells

D.isread24.---Youlooktired.---Yes.I___non-stopuntil8o’clock.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.haveworkedD.wasworking

BBD25.You’dbetternotcallMr.Greenbetween7and8thisevening,forhe___animportanttalkthen.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.willbehavingD.willhavehad

C08高考：動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)01、(08全國卷I’27)—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe____theChineseSociety. A.hasjoined B.joins C.hadjoined D.joined02、(08全國卷I’29)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront______toarrive. A.isexpected B.isexpecting C.expects D.willbeexpected03、(08全國卷II’11)Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday. A.rained B.rains C.hasrained D.israiningDAA04、(08全國卷II’14)Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they____theirsalesby20percent. A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasing C.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing05、(08北京卷’21)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe___notsmoke,andhehasnotsmokedeversince.A.might B.should C.could D.would.06、(08北京卷’22)—HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya?—Who_______it?A.writes B.haswritten C.wrote D.hadwritten07、(08北京卷’27)Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstayingB.stayedC.wouldstayD.hadstayedADCD08、(08北京卷’29)Nodecision__aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemade B.ismadeC.isbeingmade D.hasbeenmade09、(08上海春卷’29)Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople______incitiesinthenearfuturelive B.wouldliveC.willlive D.havelived10、(08上海春卷’31)Officialssaythatfewpatients___________withthevirusowingtotheeffectivepreventioninfected B.areinfectedC.haveinfected D.beinfectedACB11、(08上海卷’28)---DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?--Terry?Never!She___tentsandfreshair!A.hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hates12、(08上海卷’32)Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs______asbusinesstomakeaprofit.A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun13、(08天津卷’14)He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayedDBB14、(08重慶卷’23)Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe

inRomelastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet15、(08重慶卷’31)He

asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics.A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded16、(08重慶卷’35)Teenagers

theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamageBBB17、(08遼寧卷’23)Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe____eachotherforyears.A.knew B.haveknown C.hadknown D.know18、(08遼寧卷’29)—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?—No.I______.A.waited B.hadbeenwaiting C.havewaited D.amwaiting19、(08山東卷’25)Bythetimeherealizeshe______intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalkedCDC20、(08江蘇卷’33)—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He____foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing21、(08江西卷’32)–Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?--Yes,weshould,forwe___suchbadluckuptillnow,andtime__out.A.haveha