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Unit2ExerciseandHealthUnderstandtheunexpectedeffectsofexerciseonhumanbody.Practicedistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Writeashortparagraphfollowingthe“effect-causes”pattern.Learningobjectives

ContentsUnit2Warming-upSectionASectionB&COnlinetask

WarmingupUnit2BackgroundinformationAudio-visualmaterialsIdeasharing(Atopicfordiscussion]Backgroundinformation

Purdueisapublic,engineering,doctoral-grantinguniversitylocatedinWestLafayette,Indiana.Foundedin1869andnamedafterbenefactorJohnPurdue,PurdueUniversityprovidesagriculture,mechanicartseducation,etc.forstudentsfromover130countries.

PurdueUniversityBackgroundinformation

Medicine&ScienceinSports&ExerciseistheofficialJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,whichhelpsreadersenhancetheirbasicunderstandingabouttheroleofphysicalactivityinhumanhealthandfunction.TheJournalincludesoriginalpeer-reviewedarticles,relevantdiscussionsfollowingeacharticletoprovideunderstandingofhowaparticularstudycontributestootherresearchtopics,advancesinmethodology,aswellasviewpointsofleadingscientistsandphysicians.Withit,exercisephysiologists,physiatrists,physicaltherapists,teamphysiciansandathletictrainersgetavitalexchangeofinformationfrombasicandappliedscience,medicine,educationandalliedhealthfields.Medicine&ScienceinSports&ExerciseBackgroundinformationThedigestivesystemisaseriesofholloworgansjoinedinalong,twistingtubefromthemouthtotheanus.Insidethistubeisaliningcalledthemucosa.Inthemouth,stomach,andsmallintestine,themucosacontainstinyglandsthatproducejuicestohelpdigestfood.Twosolidorgans,theliverandthepancreas,producedigestivejuicesthatreachtheintestinethroughsmalltubes.Inaddition,partsofotherorgansystems(forinstance,nervesandblood)playamajorroleinthedigestivesystem.DigestiveSystemIdea-sharing(GroupWork)Whatexercisedoyoutakeregularly?Whatdoyouknowaboutthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofexercise?Idea-sharing:formsofexercise

aerobicexercise:Squats(蹲坐);Abdominal(腹部)exercises;Lunges(俯臥撐);Push-ups(上推Running;Walking;football,basketball,tennis,swimming,bowling,Taichi,YogaIdea-sharing:BenefitsofExercise

reducediseases,lowerbloodpressureReducebloodcholesterolBoostbonestrengthBurncaloriesandkeepweightdownimprovefitnessandendurance,lowerheartrate,efficientpumpingoftheheart,combatdailystressIdea-sharing:NegativeEffectsofExercisePhysicalinjurieshigherriskoffracturebackpainstressontheheartSuddendeathduetoheartattackirondeficiency

GroupWork:JigsawWorkingroupsoffour:1,2,3,4;Eachmembercontributesatleasttwoformsofexercisetothegroup;novelideasarewelcome.Twomembers(1&2)thinkaboutallthepositiveeffects,theothertwo(3&4),thenegative;Exchangeideassothateachmemberisclearofsomebasicideasofbothsides.RearrangeideasandMember3ineachgroupreportstothewholeclass.Therestoftheclasstakenoteswhilelistening.WhatcanyoulearnaboutexercisefromPassageA?SectionA

SectionAIronandtheEffectsofExerciseTextunderstandingStructureanalysis：CheckyourvocabularyWritingskillSentenceanalysiswordsandexpressionsPost-readingactivity1.Ifawomansuffersfromirondeficiency,whatcanshedotobounceback?Comprehensionquestionsadditionalmeat,ironsupplementsSectionA2.Whyarewomenmorelikelytosufferfromirondeficiency?monthlybleeding3.Howdoesexercisecauseirondeficiency?avarietyofmechanisms,sweat,bleedingofthedigestivesystemComprehensionquestionsSectionA4.Howmanystagesdoesirondeficiencygothrough?

Three.下一頁(yè)5.Whatdoesitmeanwhenyouareinthethirdstageofirondeficiency?introuble,ironreservesgotozero,feelweak,tiredandoutofbreathSectionAComprehensionquestions6.Whataregoodsourcesofiron?meat,chicken,fish,dates,beans,leafygreenvegetables.

7.Ifsomeonehaslowironreserves,whatshouldheavoid?

coffeeorteawithmealsComprehensionquestionsSectionATrueorfalse:

Findevidencesfromthetexttosupportyourself.Onlyintenseenduranceexercisecanresultinirondeficiency,butmoderateexerciseisOK.(para.1)Menarenotsolikelytohaveironlossaswomenare.(para.9)Bycheckinglevelsofthebloodprotein,youcanknoweasilywhetheryouhaveirondeficiencyornot.(para.9)Toavoidironloss,exercisersshouldtakeironsupplementseveryday.(para.10)

FTFFExercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.

(para.1-3)

Causesforirondeficiencyamongwomen(paras.4-6)

Stagesofirondeficiencyandtheimportancetocheckironreserves(paras.7-9)Adviceonhowtoremedyirondeficiency.

(paras.10-12)TextStructureAnalysisSectionAStructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabularySportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,

haveirondeficiencies.Theyfoundthatwomenwhowerenormally

andthenstartedaprogramof

exerciseshowedevidenceofironloss.Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookiron

wereableto

.Butthenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshoweda

inironlevels.frequentlyveryofteninactivemoderatesupplementsbouncebackdecreaseBacknotactiveaverageamountof補(bǔ)充劑恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)下降Cause1Cause4Irondeficiencyiscommonamongwomen,especiallyactivewomen.

(ignore)oftheamountofirontheytakeCause2Cause3Monthly(blood)

(拒絕不吃)redmeat

(限制)diettocontrolweightIgnorancebleedingRejectingRestrictingParas.4-6BackCause5ExerciseStructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabularyEffectStructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabulary(1)Thefirstandmostcommonishaving,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.(2)Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthat

totheworkingmuscles.(3)Inthethirdandfinalstage,peopleoftenfeelweak,tired,andoutofbreath—andexerciseperformanceis.BacklowironreservestransportoxygenseverelycompromisedThreeStagesofIronDeficiency（鐵儲(chǔ)備量低）（輸送氧氣）（大打折扣）StructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabularyCorrectingirondeficiencyModifyingdietTakingsupplements(1)Thebestsourcesofironare____,_______,and____.(2)Goodsourcesofotherformsofironinclude_____,_____,andsome_____________________.(3)Eat

foodwithplentiful.(4)Avoiddrinking

or

withmeals.Supplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingto.Theymaybe

insomecasesthrowuppoisonousmeatchickenfishiron-addedVitaminCdatesleafygreenvegetablesbeansteacoffeeBackWritingSkill:

CauseandEffectcause:areasonforaneffectorresult

effect/result:adevelopment,aconsequence(1)Becauseofthemoon'sgravitationalpull,thereareoceantides.(2)Theoceantidesareaffectedbythemoon'sgravitationalpull.(3)Themoonhasagravitationalpull;consequently,thereareoceantides.e.g.:SentencePatternsthatIndicateCauseandEffect

{Becauseof/Dueto}X,thereisY.Or{Becauseof/Dueto}X,Yhappens.X{affects/influences}Y.Or

Y{isaffected/isinfluenced}byX.X{causes/produces/resultsin}Y.OrY{iscaused/isproducedby/isaresultof/isdueto}X.

WritingSkill:

CauseandEffectRewritesentences(a)and(b)intoonesentencewiththevocabularythatindicatescauseandeffect.(a)Dailyexercisestrengthenstheheart.(b)Manypeoplewhoexercisedailyhavehealthyhearts.(a)Cakesandcandyarehighinsugar.(b)Cakesandcandyarebadfortheteeth.Because/As/Sincedailyexercisestrengthenstheheart,manypeoplewhoexercisedailyhavehealthyhearts.Cakesandcandyarehighinsugar.Therefore/So/Consequently/Asaconsequence,theyarebadfortheteeth.

WritingSample

Goodhealthisaffectedbyabalanceddiet.Ontheotherhand,ifwedonoteatwell,thiscouldcauseproblemsandwecouldbecomeverysick.Forinstance,ifourdietlacksVitaminA,blindnessmayresult.ManyproblemsaffectingtheskinandtheteethareduetoalackofVitaminC.WhenourdietcontainsrecommendedamountsofVitaminAandC,however,ourabilitytofightdiseaseslikecancerisgreatlyaffected.Soitmakessensetoeatwellbecausethisresultsinalongerandhealthierlife.Underlinethetopicsentenceandalsounderlinewordsthatspecifycauseandeffect.

Topic1:DietandHealthTopic2:ExerciseandHealthWritingPracticeTipsforYouGiveanoutlineofyourwritingfirst.Discusswithyourpartnerwhethertheoutlineagreewiththetopic.Makesomemodificationifnecessary.Writeyourcompositionaccordingtotheoutline.Groupassessment.1.Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.(L13-14)Aquarteroffemaleteenagersandonefifthofwomenattheageof18to45havetheproblemofirondeficiency.SentenceAnalysis缺鐵在多數(shù)女性中是很常見的，十多歲的少女四人中有一人缺鐵，18至45歲的女性五人中有一人缺鐵。

“Respectively”modifies“oneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45”,indicatingeachgroupseparately.Sentenceanalysis2.Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency.(L27-28)對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵離子流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化。Ifawomanwhoalreadyhaslessironthannecessarystartsaprogramofexercisethatcausesmorelossofiron,thenherironstatuswillchangegreatlyandshe'llbeputinamoreseriousstateofirondeficiency.tip(sb.)overtheedge:bringaboutanoticeablechange;(causeto)developintoanotherstatus

3.Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.(L35-37)到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒有足夠的鐵來(lái)形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)著的肌肉。Inthesecondstageofdeficiencywhenthereisnoenoughirontoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles,onemaybegintofeelverytiredandunabletodotheiractivitiesproperly.4.Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregone,youcanremedythedeficiencybeforeitreallybecomesaproblem.(L69-70)Ifyouarecarefulenoughtonoticethesignsoflowironlevelinyourbody,youcancorrecttheirondeficiencybeforetheconditionbecomestooserioustodealwith.如果你在鐵離子儲(chǔ)量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào)，你就可以在它真正成為問(wèn)題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵離子的不足。

WordsandExpressionsmoderatea.

(L6)

Canyouguesswhat“amoderatepoliticalgroup”？食用適量的脂肪對(duì)健康有益。Meaning:nottoomuch;notextremee.g.:Eatingamoderateamountoffatishealthy.Yes,apoliticalgroupthatismild,neutralandnevergoestoextremes.2.supplement

n.(L10)

Translationavitaminsupplementasupplementtoamonthlyfinancialmagazinev.Theyaredoingextrajobsoutsidetheirregularonestosupplementtheirincomes.維生素補(bǔ)劑一份金融月刊的增刊除了常規(guī)工作外，他們還干些零活，以補(bǔ)充收入。WordsandExpressionssupplementarya.3.Liablea.

Ifyoudon'ttakecareofyourself,you'reliabletogetsick.

他還要負(fù)責(zé)償還助學(xué)貸款。如果你不照顧好自己，就有可能生病。WordsandExpressionsMeaning:belikelyto;responsibleHeisstillliableforrepayinghisstudentloan.4.digest

vt.Some

peoplehavedifficultydigestingmilk.Howaboutyou?

WordsandExpressionseatandabsorb;understand他能以驚人的速度消化大量的信息.n.ashortwrittenreportofalongerpiece

TheSundaynewspaperincludesadigestoflastweek'smajorstories.

Hecoulddigestanenormousamountofinformationwithamazingspeed.

周日的報(bào)紙上有一則上周主要事件的摘要。Translationvesseln.afishingvessel1.containerforliquid3.tubeWordsandExpressions2.alargeboatorashipTheremainsofsomeRomanearthenwarevesselswerefoundduringthedig.

bloodvessel漁船血管allowancen.1)theamountallowedorgranted限額，定量e.g.:

Mostofourflightshaveabaggageallowanceof20kgperpassenger.

我們的大多數(shù)航班容許每位旅客免費(fèi)帶20公斤行李。Whatisyourweeklyallowanceofmilk?UseitWordsandExpressionse.g.

Themanagertraveledonbusinesswithanallowancethatcoveredhotelandrestaurantbills.這位經(jīng)理出差時(shí)有包括食宿的補(bǔ)貼。2)Something,suchasmoney,givenatregular

intervalsorforaspecificpurpose津貼，補(bǔ)貼等WordsandExpressionsPost-readingactivity:

Role-play:Jennyisanactivegirlwhodoesalotofexercisesuchasrunningandtennis.Recentlyshefeelstiredallthetimeandfallsasleepinclass.Shegoestothedoctor,whoanalyzesthereasonsforherandgiveshersomesuggestionsondiet.Readingskill:

distinguishbetween

factsandopinionsWhatarefacts?Factstellwhatreallyhappenedorwhatreallyisthecase.Somethingthatisacertaintyknownbyactualexperienceorobservation,3)Notchangefrompersontoperson,orfromplacetoplace.

Distinguishbetween

factsandopinionsWhatareopinions?1)Statementsofbelief,judgmentorfeeling.2)Theyshowwhatsomeonethinksorfeelsaboutasubject.3)Solidopinions,ofcourse,arebasedonfacts.However,opinionsarestillsomebody’sviewofsomethingandarenotfactsthemselves.1.Aneight-yearstudyof13,000peoplefoundt