CurrentNewsReadingCOURSESFORSECONDCREDITSTUDENTSContents1Environment385101214Chapter6Environment123HistoryofAmericannewspaperGrammarfeaturesofnewsheadlinePractice1HistoryofAmericannewspaper1704年波士頓郵政局長創(chuàng)刊的《波士頓新聞通訊》，被認(rèn)為是美國的第1張連續(xù)出版的報(bào)紙，內(nèi)容只是摘抄英國報(bào)紙上的消息。1721年《新英格蘭新聞報(bào)》創(chuàng)刊，它未經(jīng)當(dāng)局的出版許可，富于革新精神，影響很大。1719年，當(dāng)時(shí)的美國第2大城市費(fèi)拉德爾菲亞出版了該城第1張報(bào)紙《美洲信使周報(bào)》。1728年《賓夕法尼亞公報(bào)》問世，次年由B．富蘭克林接辦。他把該報(bào)辦得很有生氣，引人入勝，并刊登廣告以贏利。獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時(shí)，北美殖民地有報(bào)紙37家,幾乎全是周報(bào)或每周出版兩三次,為獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭作了大量輿論準(zhǔn)備，并在戰(zhàn)爭中鼓舞士氣。1783年在費(fèi)拉德爾菲亞創(chuàng)刊的《賓夕法尼亞晚郵報(bào)》是美國第1張日報(bào)。到1830年，美國人口在8000以上的城鎮(zhèn)只有26個(gè)，但有日報(bào)65家，周報(bào)350家。1HistoryofAmericannewspaper商業(yè)報(bào)紙和廉價(jià)大眾化報(bào)紙出現(xiàn)。第1張成功的廉價(jià)報(bào)紙是1833年在紐約創(chuàng)刊的《太陽報(bào)》，它主要刊登審判、自殺、失火等社會(huì)新聞，發(fā)行量很大，1873年達(dá)3萬份。其他政治和商業(yè)報(bào)紙也逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向報(bào)道立法、選舉、審判等全國性或地方性新聞。1HistoryofAmericannewspaper19世紀(jì)上半葉創(chuàng)刊的重要報(bào)紙還有1835年的《紐約先驅(qū)報(bào)》，1841年的《紐約每日論壇報(bào)》，1851年的《紐約每日時(shí)報(bào)》(1857年改名《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》)。到19世紀(jì)中葉，美國約有日報(bào)400家，周報(bào)3000多家。它們的共同特點(diǎn)是政治上標(biāo)榜自已是超黨派的、獨(dú)立的，編輯業(yè)務(wù)上擴(kuò)大報(bào)道面、重視地方新聞和人情味新聞，經(jīng)營上將廣告作為主要財(cái)源。從19世紀(jì)50年代起，報(bào)紙?jiān)诿绹殉蔀楣ど虡I(yè)巨頭手中的大企業(yè)。1883年，J.普利策接辦紐約《世界報(bào)》，他注重政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞，大量刊登社會(huì)新聞和各種專欄、特寫，1892年該報(bào)日發(fā)行量達(dá)到37.4萬份。19世紀(jì)下半期創(chuàng)刊的美國重要報(bào)紙還有《亞特蘭大憲法報(bào)》(1868)、《華盛頓郵報(bào)》(1877)、《圣路易郵報(bào)》(1878)、《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》(1881)等。2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlinesThetensesusedintheheadlines1)ThesimplepresenttenseIran'sleadersaysUSnukeaccusationswrong(Agencies)

TEHRAN,Iran:Iran'ssupremeleadersaidSundaythatUSofficialsknowtheyarewronglyaccusingIranofseekingtodevelopnuclearweapons.ChinapublisheswhitepaperonXinjiang(Xinhua)

BEIJING:TheChinesegovernmentMondaypublishedawhitepaperonthedevelopmentandprogressinnorthwestChina'sXinjiangUyghurAutonomousRegion,stressingnationalunification,ethnicunity,socialstabilityarethe"lifeblood"fortheregion'sdevelopmentandprogress.2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlinesThesimplepresenttense(2)Womendrivebetterthanmenclaimsreport（Thereportclaimsthatwomendrivebetterthanmen.）Sino-U.S.relationsdevelopintwistsandturns（TheSino-U.S.relationsdevelopintwistsandturns.）BushreiteratesstanceonTaiwan（U.S.PresidentGeorgeW.BushreiteratedhisstanceonTaiwan）Airdisasterkills145（Theairdisasterkilled145people.）2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines2）ThefuturetenseGreenspan:ChinatodetermineworldeconomicfateFormerUSFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspanpredictedinhismemoirthattheworld'seconomicfatedependsonChinaanditsmarketeconomicdevelopmentbytheyearof

2030.Chinatostepupdevelopmentofknowledge–intensiveindustry（Chinsistostepupthedevelopmentofknowledge-intensiveindustry.）WorldExpotomakeShanghaimoreopen（TheWorldExpoistomakeShanghaimoreopen.）2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines3）PresentparticipleforPresentcontinuoustenseUS:IrannearingatomicbombcapacityVIENNA-TheUnitedStatessaidonWednesdayIranwasnearingtheabilitytomakeatombombsbystockpilingenricheduraniumand,withEUallies,proddedTehrantoengageintalksnowonitsnuclearambitions.DangerousAreasExpandingAcrossSouthernAfghanistanTheTalibanhavedrivengovernmentforcesoutofroughlyhalfofakeyareathattheU.S.andNATOhaddeclaredasuccess.USjunksalestoChinarisingInformationindustrydevelopingrapidly（Theinformationindustryisdevelopingrapidly.）2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlinesThevoice

oftheheadlineBlackboxesfoundinThaiplanecrashBlackwaterblamedforIraqiciviliandeathsAnti-SyrianLebaneseMPmurderedinBeirutAnanti-SyrianLebaneseMPwaskilledtodayinalargecarbombexplosionineastBeirutjustoneweekbeforeparliamentisscheduledtoelectanewpresident.TaiwanurgednottorunRebiyafilm

Themainland'sTaiwanAffairsOfficeyesterdayurgedthecityofKaohsiungnottoshowascheduledfilmaboutRebiyaKadeer.2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlinesFrequentOmissionofCertainWords1.ArticlesUSofficialcallsfornewsanctionsagainstIran(Agencies)

ANKARA,Turkey-AseniorUSofficialcalledWednesdayforUNSecurityCouncilmembersandUSalliestohelppushforathirdroundofsanctionsagainstIranoveritsdisputedatomicwork.TruckbombinnorthernIraqkills19MOSUL:AsuicidebomberdroveatruckpackedwithexplosivesintoaKurdishvillageinnorthIraqbeforedawnonThursday,killingatleast19villagersandwounding25,Iraqipolicesaid.2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines2.LinkverbChinawillingtoshareanimaldiseaseinfoBANGKOK--Chinaisreadytoshareinformationandexperiencewiththeinternationalcommunityonanimaldiseasesurveillanceandcontrolregardingeitherbirdfluortheblueearpigdisease,anofficialoftheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)said.USmilitarydeathsinIraqat3,793(Agencies)

AsofFriday,Sept.21,2007,atleast3,793membersoftheUSmilitaryhaddiedsincethebeginningoftheIraqwarinMarch2003,accordingtoanAssociatedPresscount.2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines3.AuxiliaryverbOnemoremissingRussiantouristfound(Xinhua/Agencies)

HOTAN,Xinjiang--RescuersfoundonemoremissingRussiantouristonFridayeveninginnorthwestChina'sXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines4.“and"isomittedandreplacedbycommaRussia,USnocloseronmissileshield(Agencies)MOSCOW-RussiaandtheUnitedStateshavenotmovedanyclosertoagreementonUSplanstodeployitsmissileshieldinEurope,localnewsagenciesquotedRussianDeputyForeignMinisterSergeiKislyakassayingonWednesday2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines5.UseofheavilymodifiednominalGroupsThenominalgroupsinheadlinesaresometimesquitecomplexwithheavypre-modifiers,e.g.：Januarycrudeoiloutputbeatstarget（TheoutputofcrudeoilinJanuaryhasbeatenthetarget）Sino-Germantradereviewtalksstart（ThetalkstoreviewthetradebetweenChinaandGermanyhavestarted）South–to-NorthWaterDiversionProjecttobenefitposterity（TheSouth-to-NorthWaterDiversionProjectistobenefittheposterity.）2GrammarfeaturesofNewsHeadlines6.Thepunctuationmarksintheheadlines1）.Commaisusedt