ASurvey

ofWorldEconomyUnit1

Therishestcountries(Top10)卡塔爾TheStateofQatar

盧森堡TheGrandDuchyofLuxembourg

阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國TheUnitedArabEmirates

挪威Norway新加坡Singapore

美國TheUnitedStatesofAmerica瑞士Switzerland

荷蘭Holland愛爾蘭Ireland奧地利AustriaThepoorestcountries(Top10)剛果民主共和國DemocraticrepublicofCongo）馬拉維Malawi中非共和國CentralAfricanRepublic利比里亞Liberia馬達(dá)加斯加Madagascar厄立特里亞Eritrear津巴布韋Zimbabwe布隆迪Burundi尼日爾Niger阿富汗AfghanistanLearningObjectives

Afterstudyingthisunit,youshouldbeableto:haveanoverallideaoftheworldeconomy.better-understandChinesemarketeconomy.realizethechallengesChinafacesafterenteringWTO.describethedomesticautomobileindustrybriefly.Globalization

Theterm“globalization”describestheincreasedmobilityofgoods,services,labour,technologyandcapitalthroughouttheworld.Althoughglobalizationisnotanewdevelopment,itspacehasincreasedwiththeadventofnewtechnologies,especiallyintheareaoftelecommunications.

WorldEconomicOrganizationsWorldBankTheWorldBankisavitalsourceoffinancialandtechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountriesaroundtheworld.Itisnotabankinthecommonsense.Itismadeupoftwouniquedevelopmentinstitutionsownedby184membercountries—theInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment(IBRD)andtheInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA).TheIBRDfocusesonmiddleincomeandcreditworthypoorcountries,whileIDAfocusesonthepoorestcountriesintheworld.Togethertheyprovidelow-interestloans,interest-freecreditandgrantstodevelopingcountriesforeducation,health,infrastructure,communicationsandmanyotherpurposes.

WorldTradeOrganization

TheWTO,establishedonJanuary1st,1995,isthelegalandinstitutionalfoundationofthemultilateraltradingsystem.NowadaystheWTOistheonlyinternationalbodydealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.

InternationalMonetaryFund

TheIMFwascreatedtopromoteinternationalmonetarycooperation,theexpansionandbalancedgrowthofinternationaltrade,exchangestability,amultilateralsystemofpayments,solutionofbalanceofpaymentsdifficultiesunderadequatesafeguards,andlesseningofthedegreeofdisequilibriumintheinternationalbalancesofpaymentsofmembers.China’sEconomicProblems

tobeSolvedⅰ.Keepingmoderatedevelopingspeedofeconomy;ⅱ.Fine-tuningeconomicstructureanddevelopingnewstyleindustry;ⅲ.Enhancingforceonenvironmentalconstructionandprotection;ⅳ.Boostingindustrializationofagricultureandincreasingpeasants’income;ⅴ.Establishingsocialsecuritysystem;ⅵ.Solvingunemploymentproblem;ⅶ.Propellingurbanization;ⅷ.Deepeningsystemreformandtransformingthefunctionofgovernment;ⅸ.Settingupmodernenterprisesystem;ⅹ.Creatingmorefavorablepoliticalenvironmentfordevelopmentofprivateenterpriseandsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseVocabularyinequalityn.不平均Divergencen.分歧Preferentialadj.優(yōu)先的resilientadj.有彈性的stagnationn.停滯Volatilityn.波動(dòng)性Initiationn.開始abjectadj.可憐的Stereotypicadj.模式的，慣常的Incentiven.鼓勵(lì)fostervt.培養(yǎng)Incrementallyadv.逐漸地，遞增地allocationn.分配disparityn.差距resumptionn.恢復(fù)

Bilateraladj.雙邊的Multilateraladj.多邊的Sustainedeconomicgrowth可持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長Economicvolatility經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)Institutionalreform體制改革Dual-trackprice-settingscheme雙重價(jià)格體系State-ownedenterprises國有企業(yè)Post-conflictcountries戰(zhàn)后沖突國家KeytoExercisesTextAⅠAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Theprocessofglobalizationhasnotyetclosedtheincomegapbetweenpoorandrichcountries.Richercountries,forinstance,tenttohavepreferentialaccesstocapitalmarkets,toattractmoreforeigndirectinvestment,andtobemoreresilientthanpoorercountriesinrespondingtoshiftsinglobalcommoditymarkets.Inthe1950sand1960s,developingcountriesexperiencedstrongandsustainedeconomicgrowth.Sincethe1980s,however,atrendtowardsincreasingdivergencehassetin,withalimitedgroupofcountries,mostoftheminAsia,achievingrapideconomicgrowthandgainingfrommoreopenglobalmarkets,whilemuchoftherestofthedevelopingworldhasfacedeconomicinstabilityandmadefewgainsinhumanwell-being.2.TheChineseeconomyhasbeengrowingatarapidpacesincetheinitiationofitsreformpoliciesinthelate1970s.Theinstitutionalreformprocesshasbeenguidedinthegeneraldirectionofimprovingoveralleconomicefficiencybyprovidingindividualswithincentives,byfosteringcompetitionamongdifferentcategoriesofmarketplayers.3.Inthefirststage,reformhadbeencarriedoutincrementallytoimproveincentivesandtoexpandthescopeofthemarketforresourceallocation.InthesecondstageChineseGovernmentdecidedtosettheeventualestablishmentofamodernmarketsystemasthegoalofreform.Thethirdstagehasputastrongeremphasisontheneedtodealwiththegrowingregionalandincomedisparitiesgeneratedbytheacceleratedgrowthprocess.4.Atpresent,mostofthesuccessfulgrowthstorieshaveoccurredinEastAsia,whilemostgrowthcollapseshavebeenseeninAfrica.Asiaisachievingmorerapideconomicgrowthandgainingmorefromopenglobalmarkets.Ⅱ.FillinthetablebelowbygivingthecorrespondingChineseorEnglishequivalents：

體制改革inflationrates

持續(xù)增長

現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)體制

全面提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

國際支援III.Decideifthesestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F),accordingtothewriter：1.Sincethe1980s,mostdevelopingcountriesexperiencedstrongandsustainedeconomicgrowthandgainedmuchfrommoreopenglobalmarkets.(F)2.Theprocessofglobalizationhasclosedtheincomegapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries.(F)3.Three-stagestrategyisthegradualprocessofChina’seconomicreformforthetransitiontoamarketeconomy.(T)4.Currently,economicdevelopmenthasbeenlaiddownastheultimategoalinChineseeconomicreform.(T)5.ComparingwithAfrica,Asiabenefitsmorefromglobalization.(T)6.Comparedwithotherregionsintheworld,growthperformanceinLatinAmericahasbeenratherdifferentbutit’suniformamongthecountriesintheregion.(T)7.TheeconomiesofChina,Indiaandafewotherlargedevelopingeconomiesaregoodexamplesofsustainedgrowthgeneratedthroughsmallgovernancechangesandwithinitiallyimperfectinstitutions.(T)8.Comprehensivereformsshouldbefirstachievedtoimprovespecificareasofgovernanceweaknessesinsteadofinternationalsupport.(F)Ⅳ.PracticalWritingTo:MrRice,ManagingDirectorFrom:ClydeMartinezDate:March15,2007AnalysisontheWorld’sGDPpercentagesin2006AsrequestedbytheManagingDirectoron10January2007,Ihaveanalyzedtheworld’sGDPpercentagesin2006.Accountingfor25%oftheworldeconomy,AmericaneconomyhasbeenincreasingandhascreatedamiracleinthehistoryofAmericaneconomydevelopment.Japanremainstheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy,accountingfor9%.TotalGDPofEuropeanUnion,thethirdlargestpopulationintheworld,ismorethantwicetheGDPofJapan,andclosetothatofAmerica.StatisticsshowthatChina,alongwiththesuccessfuleconomicreform,isnearlythesamewithItaly,theworld’s6thbiggesteconomy.However,theoveralleconomicsituationinAfricaneglectedinthefigureisstillcritical.ItisobviousthatAfricaneedsfurthereffortstokeepupwiththepaceofworldeconomicintegration.Recommendations/ProposalskeepthenormalexportlevelwithJapan.sendmoresalesrepresentativestoEUcountries.expandtradewithChinafurtherandlarger.addmoredirectinvestmentinAfrica.

TextBAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Globalizationisanirreversibletrend.HistoricalexperienceshavetaughttheChinesenottoclosethedoorjustbecauseofchallenges.Nocountrycanside-stepthechangesbroughtaboutbyinternationalcompetitionandcooperation.2.HistoricalexperienceshavetaughttheChinesenottoclosethedoorjustbecauseofchallenges.Chinacan’tdevelopinisolationfromtherestoftheworld.Laggingbehindleavesonevulnerabletoattacks!EnteringWTOpresentsanewstageofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.3.Inevitably,Chinawillfacethechallengescharacterizingmainlybymanyaspects:mind,management,andoperationmechanisms.4.Accordingtoexperts,Chinashouldadopteffectivemeasurestomanageeconomy.Thesemainlyinclude:ⅰ.Keepingmoderatedevelopingspeedofeconomy;ⅱ.Fine-tuningeconomicstructureanddevelopingnewstyleindustry;ⅲ.Enhancingforceonenvironmentalconstructionandprotection;ⅳ.Boostingindustrializationofagricultureandincreasingpeasants’income;ⅴ.Establishingsocialsecuritysystem;ⅵ.Solvingunemploymentproblem;ⅶ.Propellingurbanization;ⅷ.Deepeningsystemreformandtransformingthefunctionofgovernment;ⅸ.Settingupmodernenterprisesystem;ⅹ.Creatingmorefavorablepoliticalenvironmentfordevelopmentofprivateenterpriseandsmallandmedium-sizedenterprise.5.China’saccessiontoWTOcanpromotenotonlythedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,butalsothatoftheworldeconomyanditwillinjectnewimpetusintotheprogressofAsianeconomyandworldeconomy.Ⅱ

FillinthetablebelowbygivingthecorrespondingChineseorEnglishequivalentsMacro-regulatorysystem行政壟斷Transformationofgovernment’sfunctions市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)rightsandresponsibilities行政干預(yù)smallandmedium-sizedenterprise指令性計(jì)劃theformofeconomicgrowth現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度

Ⅲ.Crosswordpuzzle1TRANSFO2RME3IN4TERVENESEPPO5MONOPOLY6CNTO