InternationalSettlementChapter4CollectionChapter4Collection4.1AnOverviewofCollection4.2PartiestoCollection4.3TypesofCollection4.4ResponsibilityandObligationunderCollection4.5PointsforAttentionunderCollection4.6InternationalcustomsandpracticeforCollection—URC5224.1AnOverviewofCollection1.GeneralDefinitionofCollectionCollectionisakindofpaymentmethodininternationalsettlement.Itmeanswhenexporter(orthecreditor)hasshippedtheorderedgoodsorprovidedtheregulatedservices,hewillsubmitfinancialdocumentsorcommercialdocumentsorboth,whichevidencethefulfillmentofthecontractobligationandclaimthereto,tohisbank,requesthisbank,toentrusttheimporter’sbank(normallytheexporterbank’scorrespondentbank)topresentthedocumenttotheimporter(orthedebtor),andtocollectmoneyforgoodsorservicefromtheimporter.DefinitionofCollectionUndertheUniformRulesforCollection(URC),ICCPublicationNo.522collectionmeans:thehandlingbybanksofdocuments,inaccordancewithinstructionsreceived,inorderto:Obtainpaymentand/oracceptance;Deliverdocumentsagainstpaymentand/oragainstacceptance;Deliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions.Attention:Financialdocuments:billsofexchange,promissorynotes,cheques,orothersimilarinstrumentsusedforobtainingthepayment.Commercialdocuments:invoices,transportdocuments,documentsoftitleorothersimilardocuments,oranyotherdocumentswhatsoever,notbeingfinancialdocuments.documentsfinancialdocumentsCparisonwithothertermsofpaymentFourBasicTermsofPaymentcashinadvanceopenaccountdocumentary(letterof)creditdocumentarycollectionUndercashinadvance,theimporterpaystheexporterbeforedeliveryofgoodsbytheexporter,theimporterextendcredittotheexporterandbearstheriskofexporter’snon-delivery.(infavoroftheexporter)Underopenaccount,theexportershipsthegoodsandsendtheshippingdocumentsdirectlytotheimporter,theimporterwillsettlethedebtsatadefinitefuturetime.Theexporterwillbeartheriskofimporter’snon-payment.(infavoroftheimporter)Collectionisaeffectivemethodthatcancompromisetheinterestconflictbetweenimporterandexporter.Whencomparedwiththesimplepricetermscashondelivery(COD),collectionisdistinguishedfromthetypicalCODintwoways:insteadofanindividualorashippingcompanycollectingforpayment,itisthebankhandlethetransaction;insteadofcashondeliveryforgoods,itiscashondeliveryfortitledocument(billoflading)thatisthenusedtoclaimthegoodsfromtheshippingcompany.Whencomparedwithdocumentaryletterofcredit,thehandingproceduresundercollectionismuchthesameasforthedocumentarycredit.However,therearestilltwomajordifferentexists:thedraftinvolvedundercollectionisnotdrawnonthebankforpayment,burratherontheimporteritself;theseller’bankhasnoobligationtopayuponpresentationbutonlyactasaagentbankonbehalfoftheseller,thusearningcommissionsfortheservicesprovided.Formtheperspectiveoftheimporter,adocumentarycollectionfallsbetweenopenaccountanddocumentarycredit.4.2PartiestoCollectionPrincipalRemittingBankCollectingBank[PresentingBank]Drawee1.PartiesPrincipal:

Itisapartythatentruststhebanktohandlecollectionbusiness.Hehandscommercialdocumentsorfinancialinstrumentsorbothtothebank,instructingtheremittingbanktocollectmoneyforgoodsorserviceforhim.RemittingBank:

Itisabankthatprincipalhasentrustedtohandlecollectionbusiness.Itisusuallylocatedintheexporter’scountry.CollectingBank:

Itisaimporter’sbankwhichacceptstheremittingbank’sinstructionsandinvolvedinthecollectionprocess..Itreceivescommercialdocumentsand/orfinancialdocumentsfromtheremittingbank,andfollowscollectioninstructiontoobtainpaymentfromthedrawee.PresentingBank:

Itisabankthatmakesthepresentationtothedrawee.Drawee:

Draweeisapartytowhompresentationistobemadeaccordingtothecollectioninstruction,itisusuallytheimporterorbuyerunderasalescontract.2.

LiabilitiesofthePartiesPrincipal:Delivergoodsstipulatedinthecontract;Submitdocumentscomplyingwithcontract;FillintheApplicationformforcollectionandetc.RemittingBank:Createcollectioninstructionaccordingtotheapplicationformsubmittedbytheprincipal;Examdocumentsandsendthemtocollectingbanketc.CollectingBankExecutetheremittingbank’scollectioninstruction;Examdocumentsanddeliverythemtoimporteragainstpaymentand/oragainstacceptanceand/oronothertermsandconditions;Whenfindinganyinconsistenceamongthecollectioninstructionandaccompanieddocuments,itshouldnotifytheremittingbankwithoutdelay.Collectproceedsstrictlyaccordingtotheinstructionsoftheremittingbank.PresentingBankThepresentingbankisresponsibleforconfirmingthattheacceptanceofbillappearstobecompleteandcorrect,butisnotresponsiblefortheauthenticityofthesignatureorfortheauthorityofthesignatory.Intheeventofnon-paymentornon-acceptance,thepresentingbankshouldascertainthereasonsfordishonorableandadvisetheremittingbankaccordinglywithoutdelay.DraweeExaminethedocumentstodeterminewhetheritwillacceptornot.Payoracceptthedraftbasedonthetermsofthecollection.Thedraweemayrefusetopay,however,oncethedraweepaysthedraftoracceptsandpaysthedraftatmaturity,ithastherighttoretainthedraft,evidencingthedischargeofhisliability.3.

RelationshipBetweenthePartiesprincipaldraweecollectingbankremittingbanksalescontractcollectionapplicationcollectioninstructions4.3TypesofCollectioncollectionCleanCollectionDocumentaryCollectionDocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)(atsightandaftersight)DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)DirectCollection1CleanCollectionItiscollectionoffinancialdocumentsnotaccompaniedbycommercialdocuments.Acleancollectionmeansanarrangementwherebytheprincipalonthedraweeforthevalueofthegoods/servicesandpresentsthedraft(s)toremittingbankforcollection.Theremittingbankthensendsthedraft(s)alongwithacollectioninstructiontocollectingbankforpayment.2DocumentaryCollectionDocumentarycollectionmeanscollectionof:

(1)financialdocumentsaccompaniedbycommercialdocument;

(2)commercialdocumentsnotaccompaniedbyfinancialdocuments.

Itreferstotheprocessbywhichtheprincipalsubmitsfinancialdocumentsaccompaniedbycommercialdocumentsorcommercialdocumentsonlytoremittingbankforcollectingproceedsfromthedrawee.Underadocumentarycollection,thecollectingbankwillonlyreleasethedocumentstothedraweeagainstpaymentoracceptanceofthefinancialdocuments.2.1DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)

D/Pmeansdocumentswillbereleasedonlyagainstpayment.Theprincipalorhisagentsubmitsthedocumentstotheremittingbankwithanordertodeliverthedocumentstothedraweeorhisagentonlywhenthedocumentshavebeenpaid.TheOverviewofD/Patsight

UnderD/Patsight,thecolletingbankpresentdocumentstothepayeeforpayment.Onlyafterthepaymenthasbeeneffectedondemand(atsight),canthedocumentsbereleasedtotheimporter.TheOverviewofD/Paftersight

UnderD/Paftersight,thecollectingbankfirstpresentsthedrafttothedraweeforacceptance,butdoesnotreleasethedocumentstothedrawee,andwhentheacceptedbillmatures,thecollectingbankpresentsittothedraweeforpayment,andonlyagainstthepaymentwillthecollectingbankreleasethedocumentstothedrawee.TheProceduresofD/PatsightPrincipalCollectingbankRemittingbankDrawee8.Creditsprincipal’saccount7.Transfers3.Examsandsendsrelateddocuments2.Shipmentandsubmitsdocuments4.Presentsforpayments5.pay1.SignacontractandindicateD/Patsight6.Deliversallthedocuments

TheProceduresofD/Paftersight5.Acceptance6.

presentsthedraftforpayment7.

effectspaymentPrincipalCollectingbankRemittingbankDrawee10.Creditsprincipal’saccount9.Transfers3.Examsandsendsrelateddocuments2.Shipmentandsubmitsdocuments4.Presentsforacceptance51.SignacontractandindicateD/Paftersight8.Releasethedocuments672.2.

DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)Documentsagainstacceptancemeansthatthecollectingbankisallowedtoreleasethedocumentstothedraweeagainstthedrawee’sacceptanceofadraft.ThedraftunderD/Aisatimedraft.Itmaybemadepayableafterdateoraftersight.TheProceduresofD/A5.Acceptance6.

releasesthedocuments7.presentsthedraftforpaymentPrincipalCollectingbankRemittingbankDrawee10.Creditsprincipal’saccount9.Transfers3.Examsandsendsrelateddocuments2.Shipmentandsubmitsdocuments4.Presentsforacceptance51.SignacontractandindicateD/A68.Effectspayment73

DirectCollectionDirectcollectionisanarrangementwhichtheprincipalobtainsremittingbank’spre-numbereddirectcollectioninstruction,whichisfilledbytheprincipalhimselfenablinghimtosendthedocumentsdirectlytocollectingbankforcollection.ProceduresofDirectCollection3.

Theprincipalforwardsthefilledcollectioninstructionsaccompaniedbydocumentsdirectlytothecollectingbank;PrincipalCollectingbankRemittingbankDrawee7.Creditsprincipal’saccount6.transfers2.

pre-numbercollectioninstruction4.

presentsthedocumentsforacceptance/payment5.

effectspaymentandreleasesthedocuments1.

signacontractandindicatecollection34.4ResponsibilityandObligationunderCollection1responsibilityandobligationofprincipleTotheimporter(drawee)Establishthesalescontractrelationship;Prepareandshipthegoodsinstrictcompliancewiththequalityandquantityrequirementinthesalescontract;TotheremittingbankEstablishtheprinciple-agentrelationship;Presentthestipulateddocumentstotheremittingbankforcollection.Theprinciple-agentrelationshipwiththeremittingbankisestablishedbycollectionapplicationmadebytheprincipalandconfirmedbytheremittingbank.Themaincontentsofthecollectionapplicationinclude:documentsreleasingterms.thereimbursementmethodwhenfundshasbeencollectedbythecollectingbank.warrantandinsuranceunderD/Paftersight.bankingcharges.

whendishonoredbyimporter,whetherit’snecessarytomakeprotest.2.responsibilityandobligationofremittingbankCheckthecollectionapplicationandspecialinstructionfromtheprincipal.Verifythetypeandnumberofdocumentstobeapparentinconsistentwiththoseappearedonthecollectionapplication.

(Attention:Theremittingbankisnotresponsibleforcheckingcontentofdocuments.Forthepurposeofprovidinghighqualityservicestothecustomer,remittingbankwilltakethereasonablecaretomakesimplecheckingofthepresenteddocuments.)Create

thecollectioninstruction(collectionorder).3responsibilityandobligationofcollectingbankanddraweeCollectingbankHandletheinstructionreceivedfromremittingbank;Confirmdocumentsreceivedareinaccordancewiththoselistedonthecollectioninstruction;Createthenecessarydocumenttofacilitatethecollectionbusinessaspertheinstructionfromtheremittingbank;Effectpaymentwithoutdelay;NotificationofthecollectionsituationDraweeFulfillthepaymentobligationundersalescontract.

Ifthedraweerefusetomakeacceptanceoreffectpayment,itmuststatethereasontothecollectingbank(presentingbank,ifany),otherwiseitwillconstitutedefault.Hastherighttocheckdocumentsbeforeacceptanceorpayment4.5PointsforAttentionunderCollection1TransportDocumentsGoodsshouldnotbedelivereddirectlytotheaddressofabankorconsignedtoortotheorderofabankwithoutprioragreementonthepartofthatbank.Inordertotransfertherealrightfollowingthedocuments’released,theconsigneemustbewrittenas“Toorder”or“Toorderofshipper”,andthecorrectsampleisgivenbelow:

BillofladingShipper

TheExportingCompany,Tianjin

Consignee

ToorderNotifypartyTheImportingCompany

25QueenStreet,HongKong2InterestIfthecollectioninstructionspecifiesthatinterestistobecollectedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchinterest,thepresentingbankmaydeliverthedocument(s)againstpaymentoracceptanceoronothertermsandconditionsastherealfactswithoutcollectingsuchinterest.

Wheresuchinterestistobecollected,thecollectioninstructionmustspecifytherateofinterest,interestperiodandbasisofcalculation.Wherethecollectioninstructionexpresslystatesthatinterestmaynotbewaivedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchinterest,thepresentingbankwillnotdeliverdocumentsandwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocument(s).Theinterestinstructionsinthecollectioninstructionsmustbemarkedinthefollowingsquares:□Pleasecollectinterestfordelayinpaymentcalculatedfromthematuritytothedateofactualpaymentattherateof…%p.a.onthebasisof360daysayearfromthedrawee.□Waive/(donotwaive)interestifrefusedbythedrawee.3ChargesandExpensesIfthecollectioninstructionspecifiesthatcollectionchargesand/orexpensesaretobepaidbydraweeandthedraweerefusestopaythem,thepresentingbankmaydeliverthedocument(s)againstpaymentoracceptanceoronothertermsandconditionsastherealfactswithoutcollectingchargesand/orexpenses.

Whenevercollectionchargesand/orexpensesaresowaived,theywillbepaidbyprincipalandmaybedeductedformtheproceeds.Wherethecollectioninstructionexpresslystatesthatchargesand/orexpensesmaynotbewaivedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchchargesand/orexpenses,thepresentingbankwillnotdeliverdocumentsandwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencescausedbythedelayinthedeliveryofthedocument(s).

Whenpaymentofcollectionchargesand/orexpenseshasbeenrefused,thepresentingbankmustinformtheremittingbankbytelecommunicationorotherexpeditiousmeanswithoutdelay.Thechargesand/orexpensesinstructionsinthecollectioninstructionmustbemarkedinthefollowingsquares:□Collectioncharges/expensesoutsideChinaareforaccountofthedrawee.□Waive/(donotwaive)chargesifrefusedbythedrawee.□Collectionchargesmaynotbewaivedandthedraweerefusedtopaysuchcharges,thepresentingbankwillnotdeliverdocuments.4ProtestThecollectioninstructionshouldgivespecificinstructionsregardingprotest,intheeventofnon-paymentornon-acceptance.Intheabsenceofsuchspecificinstructions,thebankshavenoobligationtohavethedocument(s)protestedfornon-paymentornon-acceptance.Theprotestinstructionsinthecollectioninstructionsmustbemarkedinthefollowingsquares:□Donotprotestincaseofdishonor.□Protestfor□Non-acceptance□Non-payment.□WewillgiveinstructiontoyouuponreceiptofSWIFT/airmailadviceofNon-acceptance/Non-acceptancewithreasons.5generalnotesandcautionsforhandlingcollectionbusinessFundamentalnotesandcautionsTipsandcautionsforthesellersTipsandcautionsforthebuyers4.6InternationalcustomsandpracticeforCollection—URC5221FormingprocessofURC522In1958,theinternationalchamberofcommercedrafteduniformrulesforcollectionofcommercialpaper.(ICCPublicationNo.192),ithaslaidasolidfoundationtotheform,structure,procedure,principleandunifiedtermsanddefinitionofcollectionbusiness.In1967,theICCpublisheditsNo.254publicationswhichhasannouncedthisrules,thisregulationhasthenbeenadaptedandobeyedinternationallywhendealingwithcollectionbusiness.In1978and1993revisedtwcie.In1996,putintoforce.2maincontentsofURC522UniformRulesforCollection(ICCPublicationNo.522)consistsof6parts,26articles.Itincludesgeneralprovisionanddefinition,formandstructureofcollection,formofpresentation,liabilitiesandresponsibilities,interestchargesandexpenses,andfinally,otherprovisions.CaseStudy:D/PchangedintoD/AOnApril9,2014,aremittingbankacceptedanoutwardcollectionbusinessodD/PatsightwithamountofUS100,00.Floowingtheexporter’sinstruction,theremittingbankmailedthefullsetofdocumentstogetherwithacollectioninstructiontoacollectingbankintheU.S.Aweeklater,theprincipalclaimedthattheimporterrequiredtheremittingbanktochange“D/PatsightintoD/Aat60daysaftersight”.Thepeincipalignoredtheremittingbank’swarningaboutthehighriskofD/Aandinsistedonthechange,sotheremittingbanksentamodificationinstruction.However,thecollectingbankneversentthenoticeofacceptance.OnAugust2,theprincipalaskedtheremittingbanktoinstructthecollectingbanktosendbackthedocuments.OnAugust19,theremiitingbankreceivedthereturneddocumentsandfoundoneofthethreeeoriginalbillsofladingwasmissing.ThroughanorganizationinU.S.,theprincipallearnedthatthegoodshadbeenpickedupbyimporter.Theremittingbankrequiredthatthecollectingbankeithersendbackthedocumentinfullormakepaymentbyacceptance.Butthecollectingbankpaidnoattentiontoit.Tips:LearnUCR522,Article11:a,b,c

ABearsmoreriskthanBObtaintransportdocumentsTakedeliveryofgoodsMakepaymentMaturitydateAssumeresponsibilityCommercialcreditWithgoodreputationMadeouttoorderandblankendorsed國際結(jié)算第四章托收本章內(nèi)容托收的定義與特點(diǎn)托收業(yè)務(wù)的當(dāng)事人及其權(quán)利、義務(wù)與責(zé)任

托收業(yè)務(wù)的程序托收種類托收業(yè)務(wù)的注意事項(xiàng)托收結(jié)算方式的國際慣例---URC522第一節(jié)托收的定義與特點(diǎn)一、托收的定義：

1.“托收”就是委托收款的簡稱，意指委托人（債權(quán)人）向銀行（托收行）提交憑以收取款項(xiàng)的金額單據(jù)（FinancialDocuments）或商業(yè)單據(jù)（CommercialDocuments）或兩者兼有，要求托收行通過其聯(lián)行或代理行向付款人（債務(wù)人）請求付款的一種結(jié)算方式。2.國際商會(huì)制定的《托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則522》（UniformRulesforCollection，URC522）對托收作了如下定義：銀行根據(jù)所收到的指示，處理金融單據(jù)或商業(yè)單據(jù)以便取得付款和/或承兌，或憑付款和/或承兌交出商業(yè)單據(jù)，或憑其他條款或條件交出單據(jù)。注：

金融單據(jù)意指匯票、本票、支票或其它用于獲得貨幣付款的似票據(jù)。

商業(yè)單據(jù)意指發(fā)票、運(yùn)輸單據(jù)、物權(quán)單據(jù)或其他相似單據(jù)，或不是金融單據(jù)的任何其他單據(jù)。二、托收方式的特點(diǎn)結(jié)算的基礎(chǔ)是商業(yè)信用進(jìn)出口雙方各自“守信”達(dá)到“錢貨兩清”，托收行的銀行只是一般代理人。托收方式的安全性高于匯款方式出口商：可以通過控制代表貨權(quán)的單據(jù)來控制貨物；進(jìn)口商：只要付了款或?qū)鹑谄睋?jù)進(jìn)行了承兌，就可以得到代表物權(quán)的單據(jù)。進(jìn)出口雙方資金負(fù)擔(dān)不平衡出口商的資金負(fù)擔(dān)較重。在進(jìn)口商付款之前，貨物占用的資金均由其負(fù)擔(dān)，進(jìn)口商基本不負(fù)擔(dān)資金。結(jié)算簡單、迅速、費(fèi)用低國際結(jié)算多種方式中，比較而言，托收方式的手續(xù)相對簡單，速度也較快，費(fèi)用成本也低很多，尤其是與信用證相比較，這一特點(diǎn)更為明顯。三、托收與其他結(jié)算方式的比較1.預(yù)付賬款、賒銷與托收出口方有利：出口商交貨前進(jìn)口商就要支付款項(xiàng)，進(jìn)口商對出口商給予了信用，承擔(dān)了到期出口商不交付貨物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。進(jìn)口方有利：出口商發(fā)運(yùn)貨物，將出口單據(jù)提交給進(jìn)口商提貨，進(jìn)口商延期結(jié)算貨款，出口商對進(jìn)口商給予了信用，承擔(dān)了進(jìn)口商到期不支付的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。預(yù)付賬款賒銷托收使進(jìn)出口雙方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)、利益和責(zé)任都得到了平衡。2.出口托收與跟單托收出口托收（有效的結(jié)算方式之一）當(dāng)向國外客戶發(fā)運(yùn)貨物或提供服務(wù)后，出口商提交代表債權(quán)的金融單據(jù)和代表貨物所有權(quán)的商業(yè)單據(jù)，只有在進(jìn)口商付款、承兌或履行其他責(zé)任后，進(jìn)口商才能得到單據(jù)予以提貨。跟單托收（跨國性的貨到付款）跟單托收是由銀行處理貨款支付的事宜。跟單托收是在收到可以向船運(yùn)公司提取貨物的物權(quán)憑證（提單）后支付貨款。3.跟單信用證與跟單托收相同點(diǎn)：賣方需要準(zhǔn)備并提交相關(guān)單據(jù)給銀行。不同點(diǎn)：跟單托收中涉及的匯票不是出具給銀行，要求銀行支付貨款，而是出具給進(jìn)口商，要求其履行付款責(zé)任；跟單托收中賣方銀行在賣方提交單據(jù)時(shí)并不承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任，只是作為賣方的托收行或寄單行出現(xiàn)，而在信用證項(xiàng)下，當(dāng)單證相符時(shí)，被指定銀行將履行付款責(zé)任，或承兌、議付單據(jù)。

第二節(jié)托收業(yè)務(wù)的當(dāng)事人及其權(quán)利、義務(wù)與責(zé)任委托人Principal開出匯票委托銀行向國外付款方收款的人。托收行RemittingBank接受托收人的委托代收款項(xiàng)，同時(shí)委托國外自己的分支機(jī)構(gòu)或代理行向債務(wù)人收款的銀行，代收行CollectingBank付款人Drawee匯款的付款人，通常是買賣合同中的買方。接受托收行的委托，向債務(wù)人收款的銀行，一般都是托收行的國外分支機(jī)構(gòu)或代理行，它是進(jìn)口方銀行。當(dāng)事人的責(zé)任與義務(wù)委托人履行合約貿(mào)易合同：按合同交貨和按合同交單委托代理合同：委托人要在托收申請書上做出明確指示，以及在發(fā)生意外時(shí)作出及時(shí)的指示支付費(fèi)用手續(xù)費(fèi)、電報(bào)費(fèi)、郵費(fèi)、拒絕證書費(fèi)、倉租費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)托收行執(zhí)行委托人的指示委托人在申請書中沒有加以指示的，托收行就按常規(guī)處理托收行要對其過失負(fù)責(zé)任代收行根據(jù)托收指示處理托收業(yè)務(wù)未經(jīng)托收行同意前不得變更托收指示上的任何條件，否則責(zé)任自負(fù)查收并核對單據(jù)，若單據(jù)有誤或遺失，及時(shí)通知托收行付款人履約付款注意：除以上4個(gè)當(dāng)事人外，國際商會(huì)的《托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則522》還增加了提示行（PresentingBank）作為托收結(jié)算方式的當(dāng)事人之一。提示行是向付款人做出提示的代收行。代收行可以委托與付款人有往來賬戶關(guān)系的銀行作為提示行，也可以自己兼任提示行。委托人還可以指定在付款地的代理人作為“需要時(shí)的代理人”（Customer’sRepresentativeinCaseofNeed）,以便在托收業(yè)務(wù)中發(fā)生拒付時(shí)，辦理貨物存?zhèn)}、保險(xiǎn)、轉(zhuǎn)售、運(yùn)回等事宜。委托人則必須在托收申請書上寫明此代理人的權(quán)限。第三節(jié)

托收業(yè)務(wù)的程序委托人代收行托收行付款人提示行1.申請2.委托5.劃賬6.結(jié)匯3.提示4.付款貨物進(jìn)口地銀行出口地銀行出口商進(jìn)口商第四節(jié)托收種類托收光票托收跟單托收付款交單（即期與遠(yuǎn)期）承兌交單直接托收一、光票托收（CleanCollection）

根據(jù)《托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》規(guī)定，光票托收是指金融單據(jù)不附帶商業(yè)單據(jù)的托收，即提交金融單據(jù)，委托銀行代為收款。有的光票托收也附有單據(jù)，但并不是整套貨運(yùn)單據(jù)，只是發(fā)票、墊款清單等。二、跟單托收（DocumentaryCollection）跟單托收是指金融單據(jù)附有商業(yè)單據(jù)或不附有金融單據(jù)的商業(yè)單據(jù)的托收。跟單托收如以匯票作為收款憑證，即使用跟單匯票。1.付款交單（DocumentsagainstPayment,D/P）付款交單是指出口商的交單以進(jìn)口商的付款為條件，即出口商發(fā)貨后，取得貨運(yùn)單據(jù)，委托銀行辦理托收，并指示銀行只有在進(jìn)口商付清貨款以后，才能把商業(yè)單據(jù)交給進(jìn)口商。即期付款交單（D/Patsight）

是指出口商發(fā)貨后開具即期匯票，連同商業(yè)單據(jù)，通過托收行寄到進(jìn)口地的代收行，代收行向進(jìn)口商提示付款，進(jìn)口商見票后立即付款，進(jìn)口商付清款項(xiàng)后從銀行取得商業(yè)單據(jù)。遠(yuǎn)期付款交單（D/Pat…daysaftersight）

是指出口商發(fā)貨后，開具遠(yuǎn)期匯票，連同商業(yè)單據(jù)，通過銀行向進(jìn)口商提示，進(jìn)口商審核無誤后即在匯票上進(jìn)行承兌，于匯票到期日付清貨款后再領(lǐng)取商業(yè)單據(jù)。即期付款交單（D/Patsight）委托人代收行托收行付款人8.結(jié)匯7.劃賬3.核對交單2.發(fā)貨、開票4.提示付款5.付款1.雙方約定即期付款交單出口商進(jìn)口商6.放單遠(yuǎn)期付款交單（D/Pat…daysaftersight）委托人代收行托收行付款人出口商8.結(jié)匯7.劃賬3.核對交單2.發(fā)貨、開票4.提示付款，要求承兌5.承兌1.雙方約定遠(yuǎn)期付款交單6.付款交單進(jìn)口商2.承兌交單（DocumentsagainstAcceptance,D/A）承兌交單是指出口商的交單以進(jìn)口商在匯票上承兌為條件，即出口商在裝運(yùn)貨物后開具遠(yuǎn)期匯票，連同商業(yè)單據(jù)，通過銀行向進(jìn)口商提示，進(jìn)口商承兌匯票后，代收行即將商業(yè)單據(jù)交給進(jìn)口商，在匯票到期時(shí)，進(jìn)口商再履行付款義務(wù)，承兌交單方式只使用于遠(yuǎn)期匯票的托收。委托人代收行托收行付款人出口商8.結(jié)匯7.劃賬3.核對交單2.發(fā)貨、開票4.提示付款，要求承兌5.承兌放單1.雙方約定承兌交單6.付款進(jìn)口商不同點(diǎn)付款交單承兌交單實(shí)質(zhì)不同貨款的收取與單據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)移同時(shí)完成先承兌交單后收取貨款交單的依據(jù)不同以付款人的付款為交單依據(jù)以付款人的承兌未交單依據(jù)收款的時(shí)間不同在即期D/P方式下是即期付款；在遠(yuǎn)期D/P方式下是遠(yuǎn)期付款遠(yuǎn)期付款委托人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同即期D/P方式下是即期收款，遠(yuǎn)期D/P方式下可能面臨掌握貨權(quán)但收不到貨款的可能可能存在錢貨兩失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相同點(diǎn)1．均以商業(yè)信用為基礎(chǔ)；2．均屬于跟單托收方式；3．均屬于逆匯。付款交單與承兌交單三、直接托收直接托收是指，賣方/委托人從其銀行即托收行那里獲得托收指示的空白格式，由其自己填寫，連同托收單據(jù)直接寄給買方銀行，即代收行，請其代收貨款，并將已經(jīng)填妥的托收格式副本送給托收行，請托收行將其視同為該行自身所辦理業(yè)務(wù)的一種托收方式。委托人代收行托收行付款人7.結(jié)匯6.劃賬2