主謂一致

Revision找出各句中的錯(cuò)誤1.Anumberofstudentshasseenthefilm.2.Thiskindofapplestasteverygood.3.Notonlymyclassroombutalsomyteacherarefondofsports.4.TheGreenshasreturnedtoEngland.5.Thosewhoonlythinksofthemselvescanneverbehappy.6.Wheneachpersoncomein,theymustshowtheirtickets.havetastesishavethinkcomesThinkcarefully概念:

主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致三原則語法一致原則：

指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

Tomisagoodstudent.

Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.意義一致原則：

指謂語動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記.指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.

Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.就近一致原則：

指當(dāng)主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致.

Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.

Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.

提示：

一般說來,究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則,應(yīng)視英語習(xí)慣用法而定.但在實(shí)際使用中,如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定時(shí),遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法.名詞作主語

1.單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThedeskisTom’s.

Somewaterisinthebottle.Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.2.某些集體名詞，如family,team,club，class，public，group等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hisfamilyisahappyone.

ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.

3.某些集體名詞，如people,police,

clothes等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.

4.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如sheep,deer,

fish,Chinese,Japanese

主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Asheepisoverthere.

Somesheepareoverthere.

5.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.

Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.

常見的省略名詞有：thebaker’s（面包房）,thebarber’s（理發(fā)店）,theZhang’s（張家）等。

注:the＋姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人。TheGreensarehavingbreakfastnow.

6.表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。

Thepantsaremine.Myglassesareonthetable.

但如果主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。

Apairofshoeswasunderthedesk.

Twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk.7．當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時(shí)，作為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.8．news，maths，physics，politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Nonewsisgoodnews.

Mathsisverypopularinourclass

連接詞連接的名詞作主語

1．用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Plasticsandrubberneverrot.

Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.

注：A：并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復(fù)數(shù)。這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式：

a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；

a.+n.+and+a.+n.，指兩個(gè)人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.

Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.

B：由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each,every,等修飾時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.

Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.2．當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。

(1)Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.

(2)Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt(3)Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball

(4)Thestudents,includingtheirteacher,aregoingtothebraveman.(5)NobodyexceptMr.LiandMrs.Lilikessoprts.(6)Mr.Libesideshissonslikessports.3．以either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。

Eitheryouorheistogo.

Notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere.

Therebe

結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則。Thereisabook,twopensonthedesk.Therearetwopens,abookinthedesk.

(1)Herearetwonovels.OneiswritteninEnglish.TheotherisinChinese.(2)Iseveryoneheretoday.

(3)Somethingiswrongwithhim.(4)Noneofthemhasseenthefilm.

(5)Eitheroftheboysisready.(6)Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect.(7)Eachofthepenscoststhreedollars.(8)Nobodywasin.

4．不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing,either,neither,each,theother,another作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語

1．

表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。

(1)Twomonthsisalongholiday.

(2)Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.

(3)Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.

(4)Fiveminusfourisone.

2．分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。

Tenpercentoftheappleswerebad.

注意:population

一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。

ThepopulationofChinais13.6billionand70%ofthepopulationarepeasants

3．a(chǎn)numberof后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但thenumberof后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)。ThenumberoftheteachersinNo.2MiddleSchoolisover100.anumberofthemareyoung.

名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb.Therichoftenhelpthepoor.動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)1.Doingexercisesmakesyouhealthy.2.Todieforthepeopleis

agreathonor.定語從句的動(dòng)詞與其前面的先行詞一致Thestudentwhohasideas,comehere。Oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)OneofthenovelsiswritteninEnglish.

PRACTICE1：Eachofthestudents______adictionary.

A.haveB.isC.areD.has2：Howtimeflies!Tenyears______passed.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are3.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother____totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.

A.havebeenB.havegone

C.hasbeenD.hasgone4：Look!There______playingwiththetouristson

DaheSquare

A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeers

C.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers

DBDA5：TheSmiths____sendinge-mails____letters.becauseit

isfaster.

A.prefer,towritingB.prefer，towrite

C.prefers，towritingD.prefers，towrite6：EveryoneexceptBillandJim____therewhenthe

meetingbegan.

A.wasB.isC.areD.were7：EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.

A.wereB.isC.areD.wasAAB9.Look,herecomesome_______.

A.dogB.horseC.deerD.cow10.ItisnotJ.K.Rowlingbutherworksthat___usexcited.

A.makesB.ismadeC.makeD.aremade11.Eachmanandeachwoman_____askedtohelpwhen

thefirebrokeout.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were12.About60percentofthestudents____fromthesouth;

therestofthem___fromthenorthandforeigncountries.

A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are13.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson___quiteeasy.

A.isB.wasC.areD.wereCCBDB14.--WhenareyougoingtoKummingforyourholidays?

Ihaven’tdecided.___thisSunday___nextSundayisOK.

A.Both;andB.Either;or

C.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso15.____Helen_____JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseafterthey

cametoChina.

A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalso

C.Both;andD.AandB16.Thepaperforbooks___madeofwood.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have17._______ofthemhashisownopinion.

A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.EachBDBD18.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI______goodatpainting.Bothofus______goodpainters.

A.are...areB.am...areC.is...isD.are...is19.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.

Aboutseventypercentofthetrees____beenplanted.

A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has20.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatly

increasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool

_____fromthecountryside.

A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is21.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.

A.areB.isC.wereD.wasBCBA22.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?

A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is23.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are24.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanm