Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammarFocusLead

in多長時間

三年

軌道火車

四歲生日

一段時間

三天以前

十小時以前

howlongthreeyearstrainandrailwaysetfourthbirthdayawhilethreedaysagotenhoursagoLead

in下個月

去年11月

去年

返回

家鄉(xiāng)

希望做某事

明年

最古老的建筑之一

nextmonthlastNovemberlastyear

bebacktohometownhopetodosth.nextyearoneoftheoldestbuildingsObjectivesMasterthenewwordsandphrases.Dosomeexercisestoconsolidatethetargetlanguage.Theusagesofforandsinceinpresentprefecttense.

1.Lookatthesentencesintheblanks，readthem(3’)2.Haveacheck.(2’)Self-learningHowlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset? He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocus

表示從過去已經開始持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示“從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現在的一段時間狀語”連用，如“for+時間段”、“since+過去時間點”、“since+過去時的從句”、“since+一段時間+ago”。且for與since引導的時間狀語可以相互轉換。PresentPerfectTense現在完成時Exploratione.g.Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryfortenyears.=Myunclehasworkedatthisfactorysincetenyearago.I’ve

lived

here

since

1990．自從1990年以來我就住在這里。

I

haven’t

seen

him

for

three

years.

我三年沒有看見他了。

含有for，since的現在完成時的用法歌訣:

過去的動作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現在，for、since把時間帶。She’s

been

at

this

school

since

fiveyears

ago.

自從五年前她就在這個學校。

口訣for與since都能與現在完成時連用，但區(qū)別較大：（1）for后須接“時間段”

e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

他學英語5年了。（2）since后須接“時間點”e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.

他從1999年開始學英語。for和since在現在完成時中的應用（3）二者可以轉換

for+一段時間=since+一段時間+ago

e.g.Hehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.

他到這兒已經有五個星期了。e.g.HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自從他來到中國就在這兒教書。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我們從在學校見面起就成為了好朋友。（4）since能引導時間狀語從句(主句用現在完成時，從句用一般過去時)，而for則不能。（6）均須與延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以與非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式連用。

e.g.Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.Ihaven’theardfromhimfor3weeks.

非延續(xù)性動詞用于完成時態(tài)，在肯定句中不能與for或since引出的短語(或句子)連用，但在否定句中是可以的，因為一個非延續(xù)性動詞一旦被否定即成為狀態(tài)，而狀態(tài)總是可以延續(xù)的。如：

Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.

我很久沒見到他了。

Hehasn’tcomehereforsometime.

他有段時間沒來了。

Ihaven’theardfromhersincesheleft.

自她離開以后，我一直沒收到她的來信。（7）二者引出的時間狀語往往用howlong提問。e.g.—Howlonghaveyouhadthisbook?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.

——這本書你買多久了?

——買一周了。常見非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉變第一類：短暫性動詞be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二類：短暫性動詞be+介詞start/beginleavejoin

bedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto第三類：短暫性動詞另一個動詞buyborrowbecomeputonkeephavebewear

巧記瞬間性動詞的轉換：

開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，開開關關變結束。1beginbeon6

returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7

joinbein3

gobeoff8

diebedead4

borrowkeep9

buyhave5

comebehere10

arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear12fallasleepbeasleep13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed16becomebe17end/finishbeover1.轉換為相應的延續(xù)性動詞，用于現在完成時。

borrow—keepbuy—haveputon—wearcatchacold—haveacoldgettoknow—know

非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉換2.轉化為“be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞”

begin/start—beon goout—beout close—beclosedopen—beopen die—bedead leave—beawaygetto/arrive/reach—be(in)finish—beoverfallasleep—beasleepjoin—bein/beamemberofbecome—bemakefriends—befriendscome/go/—be+here/thereTheoldmandied4yearsago.—Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.

Hejoined

theParty2yearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfor

2years.Ibought

thebook5daysago.—Ihavehadthebookfor5days.e.g.一、選擇for或since填空：

Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______Iwas12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_______Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince4aRewritethesentencesusingfor

or

since.1.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyhavenoteatenfortenhours.Ihavehadacamerasince2009.4.IknowAnn.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.I_______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto_____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They________________(neverown)anypets,butthey___________________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedhavealwayswanted3.We________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4.CathyandAmy_________________________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They_____(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.havehadhavenotbeen/haven’tbeenboughtmiss5.Thismuseum________(be)hereforover20years.It____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.hasbeenis4cFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)__________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?ThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookfortwoyearsbasketballsincehewas10yearsoldstudent1student2SummaryTellthedifferences