Unit5UNIT5FIRST

AIDIt’sagreathonortosavealife.--LeighBardugoTogetsomebasicinformationaboutfirstaid.Tounderstandthepassageaboutfirstaidforburns.Toknowhowtogiveproperfirstaidtreatmentsforburns.Toincreasetheawarenessoftheimportanceofknowingaboutfirstaid.Whataretheydoing?firstaidCPRHeimlichEmergencycareortreatmentgiventoasickorinjuredpersonbeforeregularmedicalaidcanbeobtained.Whatisfirstaid?HaveyouseenCPRusedbefore?Doyouknowhowtodo/performit?Theinstructorplaceshisorherhands,oneontopofanother,onthecentreofthemodel’schestandpushesdownhard.Doyouthinkit’simportantforthestudentstolearnthis?Why?HereisashortvideotohelpyougetaclearunderstandingaboutCPR.Itisimportantforustolearnthistechniquebecauseifsomeone’sheartorbreathingstops,theyusuallyhaveonlythreetonineminutesbeforetheirbrainsuffersirreversibledamagebecauseofalackofoxygen.However,itmaytakeanywherefrom10-20minutesbeforeanambulancecomesonceyoucallanemergencyservice.WhatdoyouknowaboutHeimlichprocedure(海姆利克氏操作法)?Itisafirst-aidprocedurefordislodging(強行去除)anobstructionfromaperson’swindpipe(氣管)inwhichasuddenstrongpressureisappliedontheirabdomen(腹部).namedafterHenryJ.Heimlich(born1920),theAmericandoctorwhodevelopedtheprocedureWhataresomeoccasionswherefirstaidisused?Whyisitimportanttogivefirstaid?Whatistherelationshipbetweenfirstaidandregularmedicalaid?Whatfirst-aidtechniquesdoyouknowof?Ifsomeoneyouknowsufferedaburn,whatwouldyoudo?Beforeyouread,discussthesequestionsingroups.Iknowbasicallywhattodoifsomeonebreaksalegorgetsacut.Itdependsonthekindofburn.AlloftheburnsI’veeverseenwerefairlyminor,sothebestthingtodowastoputitundercoldrunningwatertostoptheburning.Hereisashortvideoabouthowtoperformfirstaidforburns.UnderstandtexttypesDifferentkindsoftextscanbeidentifiedbytheirstyleofwritingandlanguagefeatures.Byunderstandingthetexttypeofapieceofwriting,youcanbetterunderstanditspurpose.Youcanalsobetterunderstandwheretofindinformationinthetext,andwhatkindofinformationitislikelytocontain.Readthepassagetofinditstexttype.1.Whyisitimportanttounderstandtexttypes?2.Howcanyouidentifyatexttype?3.Whataresomecommontexttypesyouknowabout?Byunderstandingtexttypes,wecandiscoverthepurposeofatextthuspredictitscontents.Bypayingattentiontothestyleofwritingandlanguagefeatures.Letter,diary,news,advertisement,etc.hospitalleafletfactual,informational,objective,givesadescriptionofamedicalproblem,andtellshowtodealwithit,usestheimperativetogiveadviceadvertisementtexttypesfullofpersuasivelanguageandcolourfuldescriptions,talksaboutthebenefitsofaproduct,usestheimperative(祈使句)totellsomeonetobuysomethingnewspaperarticlefactual,informational,objective,answersthewho,what,when,why,andhowquestionsaboutarecenteventblogpostblogstandsforweblog,soitisakindofjournalordiary,usuallytopicalinnature,talkingaboutsomethingthatiscurrentofnewinthelifeoftheauthororregardingtheauthor’sinterestsemailakindofletter,itshouldhaveanopeningandaclosinglikealetter,beaddressedtoanindividual,andbeaboutamatterwhichdirectlyconcernsboththeauthorandrecipientshortstoryusuallyanarrativewritteninthepasttense,itcontainsvividlanguageandcolourfuldescriptionstotellastorywhichhasabeginning,amiddle,andanendLookthroughthetextandidentifyitsstyleandlanguagefeatures.Thentickitstexttypefromthelistbelow.____advertisement____blogpost____hospitalleaflet____email____newspaperarticle____shortstoryThetexttypeisahospitalleaflet.Weknowthisbecausethepassageiswritteninanobjectiveinformationalstyle,anddealswithahealthissue,givingadetaileddescriptionofhowtohandlethisproblem.Skimthetextandcompletethemainideaofit.Thetextmainlyintroduces______typesofburnsandtheircharacteristicsaswellashowtogive_________________whenburnshappen.firstaidtreatmentthreeScanthetext.Inwhichorderarethesetopicscoveredinthetext?Numberthemfrom1to5.__thethreetypesofburns__whattodoifsomeonegetsburned__thefunctionsoftheskin__thesymptomsofburns__howwegetburns31425Readagainanddecideifthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.Yourskingivesyouprotectionfrommanydangerousthings.2.Afirst-degreeburnhasthisnamebecauseitisthemostserious.3.Second-degreeburnscanbethemostpainfulkindofburn.TF

TF

TF

4.Itisimportanttousecoolwatertostoptheheatfromremaininginthewoundregardlessofthedegreeoftheburn.5.Puttingbutteroroilonburnshelpsbecauseitmayreduceswellingandeasediscomfort.TF

TF

Part1thefunctionsoftheskinfunctionsoftheskinActsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun’s______;preventsyourbodyfrom_____________________________warnsyouwhenthingsaretoo_____or_____givesyou______________bodytemperaturelosingtoomuchwatercoldhotsenseoftouchtoncontrolyour________________rayssteamfirethesunelectricitychemicalshotliquidsradiationPart2AvarietyofcausesCausesofburnsacids

mild

minor

liquids

electricseconddegreeburnfirstdegreeburnthirddegreeburnPart3Types&Characteristicsofburnsblackandwhiteswollen;thetissueunderneathcanbeseenlittleornopainifnervesaredamaged;maybepainfularoundtheedgesoftheburnredandswollen;blisters;waterysurfaceextremelypainfuldry,red,mildly

swollenmildlypainfulturnwhitewhenpressedclothesbreathevictimburnsburntareaburnedareaCoolDryRemoveCoverMakesureSendPart4FirstaidtreatmenthospitalCompletethetabletosummarisetheinformationaboutfirstaidforburns.DetailsTypesFirst-degreeburnsSecond-degreeburnsThird-degreeburnsDepth_______________________oftheskin__________________oftheskin__________oftheskinandsometimes____________underneathtopfewmillimetresbelowthetoplayereverylayerthetissueDetailsTypesFirst-degreeburnsSecond-degreeburnsThird-degreeburnsCharacteristicsdry,red,andmildly__________;mildly________;turn_______whenpressedredandswollen;_______;_______surface;extremely_______blackandwhite;swollen;_______________________canoftenbeseen;littleornopainif________aredamagedswollenpainfulwhiteblisterswaterypainfulthetissueunderneathnervesDetailsTypesFirst-degreeburnsSecond-degreeburnsThird-degreeburnsTreatmentplaceunder__________________withinthefirsttenminutes→_____theburntarea→_____________clothes→_______theburn→burnontheface:makesurethevictimcan____________→secondorthird-degreeburn:takethevictimto______________________coolrunningwaterdryremoveanycoverstillbreathethehospitalatonceReadagainandfocusonthetextualfeatures.1.Whatisthegenreofthetext?Isitanarration,adescription,anargumentation,oranexpositorywriting?2.Whatkindsofthingsarementionedinthetext?Anexpositorywriting.Functions,causes,differenttypes,characteristics,andprocedures.3.Isthistextmainlywritteninfirst,secondorthirdperson?Insecondandthirdpersons.4.Whattenseisused?5.Arethereanypassivevoices?Howdotheymakeyoufeel?Thesimplepresenttense.Yes.Theymakethetextsoundobjective.6.Whatotherlanguagefeaturesdidyoufind?7.Whatadjectivescanyouthinkoftodescribethistext?Forexample,the–ingform.Objective,scientific,professional,specific,clear,concise,etc.本文屬于說明文(anexpositorywriting)。該語篇按照事理邏輯次序安排信息，通過小標題(CAUSESOFBURNS，TYPESOFBURNS，CHARACTERISTICSOFBURNS及FIRST?AIDTREATMENT)清晰呈現(xiàn)各部分內(nèi)容，準確描述燒/燙/灼傷的成因、類型、特征以及急救措施。除用文字說明外，本文還使用了襯底突出部分信息（Characteristicsofburns），呈現(xiàn)插圖輔助說明急救的操作要領。文本分析本文所用到的說明方法：1)分類法：在介紹燒/燙/灼傷的類型時，分為了一級、二級、三級，并使用圓點項目符號分條解釋。2)舉例法：說明三種燒/燙/灼傷的特點3)過程說明法：說明燒/燙/灼傷急救流程4)因果說明法：說明燒/燙/灼傷急救的重要性時使用。先陳述皮膚的重要性，再說明皮膚受到傷害的后果，從而證明燒/燙/灼急救的意義。Howarepeoplemostlikelytogetburnt?Mostpeoplearelikelytogetburntinthekitchen,bypickingupahotpan,orbygettingcookingoilspiltonthemselves.Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.2.Whatstepscanbetakentohelppreventtheseburns?Beingawareofthedangerisagoodfirststep.Forexample,youshouldchecktoseeiftheburnerisonbeforetouchingapanonthestove.Youshouldalsouseovenmittswhentouchingahotpan.Ifyouareusingcookingoil,youshouldmakesurethatthepotissetfirmlyonthestovesothatitcannotspill,andthatitisnottoofullofoil.3.Whatotheradvicedoyouknowofaboutfirstaidforburns?Isitgoodadviceorbadadvice?Why?Ih