2018年6月大四級(jí)（第1套Part （30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part Listening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Thereturnofabottledmessagetoitsowner'sANewHampshireman'sjokewithfriendsonhisAfather'smessageforhisThehistoryofacentury-oldmoA)ShewantedtoshowgratitudeforhisShewantedtohonorherfather'sShehadbeenaskedbyherfathertodoShewasexcitedtoseeherfather'sQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)PeoplewereconcernedaboutthenumberofSeveralcasesofZikadiseasehadbeenTwomillionbeeswereinfectedwithZikahaddestroyedsomebeeA)ItapologizedtoitsItwasforcedtokillitsItlostahugestockofItlost2.5millionQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)ItstayedintheairforabouttwoIttookoffandlandedonafootballItprovedtobeofhighcommercialItmadeaseriesofsharpturnsintheA)EngineeringTheairpollutionitInadequateTheoppositionfromtheA)ItusesthelatestaviationItfliesfasterthanacommercialItisasafermeansofItismoreenvironmentallySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItseemsadepressingItsoundsquiteIthaslittleimpactonourdailyItisgettingmoreserioustheseA)Themandoesn'tunderstandThewomandoesn'treallylikeTheydon'twantsomethingtooTheycan'tmakeittothetheatreinA)ItwouldbemorefunwithoutMr.WhiteheadIthastoomanyactstoholdtheaudience'sItisthemostamusingshowhehaseverItisashowinappropriateforanightofA)WatchaGoandseetheBooktheticketsSeeafilmwiththeQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)MostofherschoolmatesareyoungerthansheShesimplyhasnoideawhatschooltotransferTherearetoomanyactivitiesforhertocopeSheworriesshewon'tfitinasatransferA)SeekadvicefromseniorPickupsomemeaningfulParticipateinafter-schoolLookintowhattheschoolA)GiveherhelpwheneversheneedsAcceptherasatransferFind modationonIntroducehertoherA)ShehasinterestssimilartoMr.She efriendswithShehaschosenthemajorCatherineShehasjusttransferredtotheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ToinvestigatehowbeingoverweightimpactsonTofindoutwhichphysicaldriveisthemostTodiscoverwhatmostmiceliketoTodeterminewhatfeelingsmiceA)WhentheyareWhentheyareWhentheysmellWhentheywantA)TheysearchforfoodinTheyareoverweightwhenfoodisTheyprefertobewithotherTheyenjoythecompanyofotherQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ItsconstructionstartedbeforeWorldWarItsconstructioncostmorethan$40ItisefficientlyusedforItisoneofthebestintheA)ToimprovetransportationintheTomovetroopsquicklyfromplacetoToenablepeopletotravelatahigherTospeedupthetransportationofA)IntheIntheIntheIntheQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ChattingwhileMessagingwhileDrivingunderSpeedingonA)AgadgettoholdaphoneonthesteeringAgadgettochargethephoneinaAdevicetocontrolthespeedofaAdevicetoensurepeopledrivewithbothA)ThecarkeepsflashingitsThecarslowsdowngraduallytoaTheyarealertedwithalightandaTheygetawarningontheirsmartA)InstallingaUsingaconnectedChecking KeeadailyPart Reading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewith10blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompleycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst26in1962,itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas27.Duringthisrenovationthebuilding'sowners,CIS,28thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004,thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope'slargest29ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge30hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe"10bestgreenenergyprojects".Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas31overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren't32cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy33throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget34,theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels,collectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn'tarace35,butratheronetocollectthemostsolar cheaperB)cleanerC)collectionD)competedE)constructedF)G)dimensionH)discoveredI)eventuallyJ)heightK)necessarilyL)M)rangeN)scaleO)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoDigitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturnin .Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat'sreplacing—andsometimesjoining—expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(觀念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid."Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(壟斷),anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem,"saidEthanSenack,thehighereducationadvocatefortheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews."Ratherthan$250foraprinttextbook)you'repaying$120,saidSenack.Butbecauseit'salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecauseandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout."SarinaHarpet,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistry.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmit,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarper,whohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult."It'sabalancingact,"shesaid."CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow?"Shedidn'thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they'rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015"wasderivedfromdigitalproducts."APearson toldBuzzFeedNewsthat"digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandgoodinvestment"thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts, alizedknowledgechecksandexperts.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn'trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat"inhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover."Thetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesystemsrepresentabetterdealforstudents."Thesedigitalproductsaren'tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmit ,theyofferallkindsoffeatures,"DavidAnderson,theexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublishers,toldBuzzFeedNews."Ithelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan'tdowithprintassignments."DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn'trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments."Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible,"saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum."TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbutIfeellikeI'mgivingupcontrol.ThediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenefitthestudentsA20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn'trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturnin.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms."That'stwomonthsofrent,"shesaid."Youcan'tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester'sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you'reoutofthatmoney."BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat"it'sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoour."Manyoftheaccesscodeshe'spurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompleteorquizzes."Oftenit'sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass."hesaid."You'repayingsomuchmoneyforsomethingthathardlyaffectsyourgrade—butifyoudidn'thaveit,itwouldaffectyourgradesenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC."Wolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.Harper,apoultry家禽sciencemajor,istakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinher.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesfor,whichcan'tberentedorboughtsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.Shestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskipanassignmentduetothehighprices."Wedon'treallyhaveamissedassignmentpolicy,"shesaid."Ifyoumissit,youjustmissit.Ijustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgrades,it'snotfun."Astudent'syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwoTheonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalIfastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirMcGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollege Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichtheybelievewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehigh Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timeOnlinesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpertisefortheirstudents. Digitalaccesscodesarecriticizedbecausetheyareprofit-drivenjustlikethetextbookbusiness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerwithasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingPassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingLosingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia(癡呆癥)increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedn'tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50,it'squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen'sHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon'trememberevenseeingit,that'sfarmoreconcerning,Daffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperiences,hesays,that's"aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved."Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveoven,orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou'vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.Buteventhen,Daffnersays,peopleshouldn'tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss,includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleep,highbloodpressure,ordepression,aswellasmedications()likeantidepressants.Youdon'thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain'scognitive(認(rèn)知的)reserve,Daffnersays."Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways,"hesays.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive,becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedn'tbeconcernedaboutmemoryNotallofthemaresymptomsofTheyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofNotallofthemarerelatedtoone'sTheyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-Whathappensas eagedaccordingtotheOurinteractionskillsSomepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.municationwithinourbrainweakens.D.OurwholebrainstartsWhichmemory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriously?A.Totallyforgettinghowtodoone'sdailyroutines.B.Inabilitytorecalldetailsofone'slifeexperiences.C.Failuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.D.Occasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofone'sfriends.WhatshouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowCheckthebrain'scognitiveStopmedicationsaffectingTurntoaprofessionalforassistance.WhatisDr.Daffner'sadviceforcombatingmemoryHavingregularphysicalandmentalTakingmedicinethathelpsboostone'sEngaginginknownmemoryrepairStayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.PassagePassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingAletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives(館)bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice."Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing,"saysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInsitutionArchives."Itwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern(實(shí)習(xí)生),fromwhattheFBIislingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchpurposes,"andtheinternputtheletterback."Theinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit."Decadespassed.Finally,theFBIreceivedatipthatthestolen waslocatedveryclosetoWashington,D.C.Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchiv