DEATHContentsThedefinitionofdeathDifferentattitudestowardsdeathindifferentreligionsHalloweenvs.ghostfestival?DefinitionDeath

isthecessation(停止)ofall

biologicalfunctionsthatsustainalivingorganism.Bodiesoflivingorganisms(有機(jī)體)beginto

decompose

shortlyafterdeath.Thereisno

scientificevidence

thatsuggests

consciousness(意識(shí))survives(幸存)thedeath

ofanorganism.ReligiousAttitudesThethreemainschoolsofreligionintheworld:Abrahamicreligions(亞伯拉罕諸教）TaoicreligionsDharmicreligiousAbrahamicreligious(alsoAbrahamism)arethemonotheistic（一神論的）faithsofmiddleeasternorigin,emphasizingandtracingtheircommonorigintoAbrahamorrecognizingaspiritualtraditionidentifiedwithhim.ThelargestAbrahamicreligionsinchronological(按年代順序排列的)orderoffoundingareJudaism(猶太教）

Christianity（基督教）

Islam（伊斯蘭教）TaoicreligionsarefocusedaroundtheconceptofTao("TheWay"),andmainlyoriginatefrom

China,Japan,

Korea

and

Vietnam.

TheTaoicreligionscurrentlyhaveatleast500millionfollowersaroundtheworldandinclude:Caodaism(高臺(tái)教）——越南Chondogyo（天道教）——朝鮮Confucianism（儒教）Shinto（神道教）——日本Taoism（道教）TheDharmicreligionsalloriginatedintheIndiansubcontinent,buthavesubsequentlyallspreadtootherregionsroundtheworld,especiallytoSoutheastandEastAsia.

AlltheDharmicreligionsgenerallycenteraroundtheconceptofDharma,aSanskritword(SanskritwasanancientlanguagespokeninIndia),meaninglaw,dutyorfixeddecree.

ThelargestDharmicreligionsinclude:Buddhism(佛教）Hinduism（印度教）Jainism（耆那教）Sikhism（錫克教）AttitudestowardsdeathInsociety,thenatureofdeathandhumanity'sawarenessofitsownmortality(必死的命運(yùn))hasformillennia(千年)beenaconcern(關(guān)系)oftheworld's

religioustraditions

andof

philosophicalinquiry.Abrahamicreligions---resurrection(復(fù)活)Dharmicreligions---reincarnation

orrebirthAtheism(無神論)---consciousnesspermanentlyceasestoexist,knownas

eternaloblivion（遺忘）

ConfucianismtowardsdeathPeople'slifeanddeathisdeterminedbythechangeofheavenandearth.Chineseliterature,SnowinMidsummerThechoiceofgrave2.People’slifeanddeathisrelatedwithone’sindividualdream.WesternideastowardsdeathAwaytoparadiseThechoiceofgrave2.People’slifeanddeathisrelatedtotheindividualdream,butalsototheobjectiveworld.Theyemphasizeondeathfortruth.Copernicus（哥白尼）Galileo1.儒家十分重視個(gè)體死亡的意義與價(jià)值,推崇死而不朽,而達(dá)到這一口的的手段是建功立業(yè)、光宗耀祖。

十年寒窗無人知,一舉成名天下知.百川東到海,何時(shí)復(fù)西歸,少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。發(fā)憤忘食,樂以忘優(yōu),曾不知老之將至。老驥伏楊,志在千里,烈士暮年,壯心不已。2.其次,儒家主張殺身成仁,舍生取義,以身殉道。

志士仁人,無求生以害仁,有殺身以成仁。

生亦我所欲也,義亦我所欲也,二者不可兼得,舍生而取義也。生自古準(zhǔn)無死,留取丹心照汗青。

生當(dāng)做人杰,死亦為鬼雄。HowdoyoucelebratetheGhostfestival?HalloweenHalloween

isayearlycelebration

observedinanumberofcountries

on31October,theeveoftheWestern

Christian

feastof

AllHallows'Day.Itinitiates(開始)the

triduum

of

Hallowmas,thetimeinthe

liturgicalyeardedicated(專用的)torememberingthedead,including

saints

(hallows),

martyrs,andallthefaithfuldepartedbelievers.Carvingpumpkinsintojack-o’-lanternsTrick-or-treating/guisingAttendingcostumepartyDecoratingApplebobbingOtherformsVisitinghauntedattractionsPlaypranksTellingscarystoriesWatchinghorrorfilmsLightingbonfires

BecausemanyWesternChristiandenominations(教派)encourage,althoughnolongerrequire,

abstinence（戒除）

frommeat

onAllHallows'Eve,[13]

thetradition(慣例)ofeatingcertain

vegetarian

foodsforthis

vigilday

developed,includingtheconsumption(消費(fèi))o