Chapter5

caseanalysis

文本分析texttextfunctionLinguisticformformalityNature&carrierRelationshipbetweenthepartiesinvolvedThanks,inquiry,complaint,applicationInvitation,grammarsyntaxsemanticformalinformaltense,voice,mood,agreement…simple,compound,complex,short,long,rhetoricmaxims,terse,clearnormativeuptocorrespondingstandardbiz,application,superior-underlingFriends,kinship,lovers語域register語場（field），語旨（tenor）和語式（mode）交談的話題以及場地等健康飲食教室食堂學術(shù)會議家庭交際雙方的社會角色關(guān)系母子師生專家學者新聞記者語言活動所采用的媒介或渠道口頭、筆頭電話采訪微信交流面對面交談學術(shù)報告SignificanceDevelopathoroughunderstandingofthetextsAchieveabetterwritingeffectsFacilitateabettercommunicationpurposeLeaveabetterimpressiononpersonsinvolved文本本身內(nèi)容一、對象二、事由功能或效果（以大局/公事為導向---說服力強）2.訴求（具有普遍性----增強說服力）3.建議（具體、可行性強）三、落款文本外內(nèi)容

sth.beyondlanguage一、語法(grammar)拼寫正確(correctspelling)語法正確(grammaticallyright)格式規(guī)范(inlinewithnorms二、語義(semantics)1.明確(clear-defined)2.簡潔(briefandtothepoint)3.有說服力(persuasiveandconvincing)三、語體(styles)Formal:seriousness,moreimportantInformal:somewhatcasual,moredailyDependsonsituationsandtargetedfunctions文本分析的視角語言學視角普通語言學功能語言學語域語用學視角言語行為理論合作原則禮貌原則會話含義（1）數(shù)量準則：（為當前的會話）提供足夠的信息；不要提供超于所需之外的信息。

（2）質(zhì)量準則：說真話；不說缺乏足夠證據(jù)的話。

（3）關(guān)系準則：說話內(nèi)容要同話題有關(guān)。

（4）方式準則：避免表達晦澀；避免歧義；說話要簡明且有條理。

語音、語調(diào)、詞匯、語法言語功能：命令、提問、陳述；拒絕、接受、認可、駁回；角色關(guān)系如何有效利用文本文本語言是否符合受眾的語言基礎(chǔ)文本圖式是否在受眾的認知范圍之內(nèi)影響文本的因素有哪些如何根據(jù)既定目標調(diào)整文本，選擇材料，調(diào)整話語組合方式等Example1AskingtoOpeningthemeetingroomDeardirector:Alltheemployeesarelookingforwardyouadmissiontoopenthemeeting-roomandgivearticlesforactivitiessuchasChinesechessorpokes,sothatwecanhaveagoodrestorhavesomehelpfulactivitiesatnoon.RespectfullyyoursAllEmployeesJanuary12,2014Example2Askingforopeningthemeeting-RoomDearsir:allemployeesarelookforwardyouadmissiontoopenthemeeting-room,givearticlesforactivitiessuchasChinesechessorpokesetc,sowecanhavegoodrest,orhavesomehelpfulactivitiesatnoon.Respectfullyyours.AllEmployeesJan.1207Example3Reportdate:jan.12.2014To:themasterofcompanyFrom:allworkingstaffSubject:aboutopenthemeeting-roomforrelaxDearsirInthebreak,therearenosparetoallworkingstaffstoreleasetheworkingpressureinourcompany.Sothereisfreeinthemeetingroomatnoon-rest.Wewantopenthemeeting-roomatnoo-rest.A