漫滴州演漏市慢寨學(xué)校專題（四）名詞性從句和定語從句名詞性從句名詞性從句的語法功能：在句中充當(dāng)名詞成分,也就是說做主語,賓語,表語,同位語.于是就形成了主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞可分為三類：一.引導(dǎo)詞本身無詞義,在從句中無地位.這類詞只有一個,that二.詞本身有詞義但在從句中無地位,如:whether,if和asif三.詞本身有詞義且在句中有地位.如:who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how例句如下:.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.上星期他突然病倒使我們都感到吃驚.（that引導(dǎo)主語從句）.Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.你是否來關(guān)系不太大.（whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，it作形式主語）.Whowillgoisnotimportant.誰要來不重要.（who引導(dǎo)主語從句）.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.問題是誰能去那兒.（who引導(dǎo)表語從句）.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他說課文非常重要,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)背誦下來.（兩個that引導(dǎo)的都是賓語從句）.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.他什么也沒說使大家感到吃驚.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句）運用名詞性從句是應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的幾個問題:whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句是略有區(qū)別,if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句,不能與ornot連用,不與不定式連用.賓語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)注意時態(tài)的呼應(yīng),主句為與動詞時過去時,賓語從句也應(yīng)當(dāng)是過去時（過去完成時,過去進行時,過去將來時）賓語從句否定前移問題:當(dāng)主句中有:Ithink（suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess）時.應(yīng)當(dāng)否定這些詞,其實就是對后面從句的否定,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是主語必須是"I",其他主語同于一般動詞的否定.如:Idon'tthinkyouareright.（我認為你不對.）Idon'tbelievetheywillwinthegame.（我相信他們不會贏得這場比賽.）Shesupposedthatwecouldn'tarrivesoearly.（他認為我們不會到到達如此早.）同位語從句一般用that引用,先行詞一般為:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise.當(dāng)先行詞為是可以用其他引導(dǎo)詞.如:Everyoneknowsthefacttheearthgoesroundthesun.（眾所周知地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn).）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.（我不知道他什么時間回來.）練習(xí)找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句don'tifIcandoit.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.That'llbedecidedwhoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.HerecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool.答案：1.ifIcandoit賓語從句2Whatheisdoing主語從句3howwecanimproveourstudies表語從句howhecandomoreforthepeople介詞賓語從句thatshewaspretendingtobesick同位語從句whathesaid介詞賓語從句whatyouaregoingtodofirst表語從句whoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting賓語從句Whenthesportsmeetistobeheld主語從句thatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool同位語從句.把下列各句填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞1.---Couldyoutellme themanis?---Heismybrother.Ididn'tknow hewascominguntilyesterday.It'sstillaquestion weshallhaveoursports.---It'ssaidweshallhaveitnextweek.Thenews hewaschosenmadeushappy.Thedoctorasked medicineyouhavetaken.Thisis theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.ourfootballteamwillwinisuncertainyet. frightenedusmostwas twolightsappearedsuddenlyinthedarkness.Mymotherasked wasthematterwithme.ThereasonIdidn'tcometothemeetingwas Igotill.答案：1.who2.that3.when4.that5.what6.how7.Whether8.What9.what10thatIII.翻譯下列各句.肯定他將來參加宴會。決定我們什么時候去北京了嗎？他什么也沒說使大家都很奇怪。無疑問史密斯先生很健康。很清楚你錯了。.這是我們所想要的東西。我想你對。.我想知道他是否能幫助我。.天氣不是昨天那樣了。問題是我們怎么能完成任務(wù)。答案：issurethathewillcometotheparty.2.IsitdecidedwhenwewillgotoBeijing.Thefactthathedidn'tsayanythingsurprisedeveryone..ThereisnodoubtthatMrSmithisingoodhealth.5.Itisclearthatyouarewrong.6.Thisiswhatwewant.7.Ithinkyouareright.I'liketoknowwhetheryoucanhelpmeornot.Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.形容詞從句形容詞從句在句中起形容詞作用.形容詞的主要功能是作定語,所以,形容詞從句又叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),先行詞一定與引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)能代替先行詞，在從句中做成分，因此,形容詞從句又叫關(guān)系從句.形容詞從句中的引導(dǎo)詞尤為重要。一是引導(dǎo)從句，作為從句的重要標(biāo)志；二是代替先行詞;三是在從句中充當(dāng)成分。由在從句中的地位劃分,引導(dǎo)詞可分為三類:一.主語,賓語引導(dǎo)詞.如:who,whom,what,that,which,as二.狀語引導(dǎo)詞.如:where,when,why三.定語引導(dǎo)詞.如:whose例如:1).Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.她是所有人唱歌最好的那個小女孩.引導(dǎo)詞who代替先行詞thegirl,在定語從句中作主語..Pleasepassmethenotebookwhosecoverisred.給我書皮是紅色的那本書.引導(dǎo)詞whose代替先行詞thenotebook,在從句中作定語..Asteelplantisaplacewheresteelismade.鋼廠是生產(chǎn)鋼的地方.引導(dǎo)詞where與先行詞theplace有關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于intheplace,在句中作狀語,可以理解為:steelismadeintheplace..Aseveryoneknows,heishonest.眾所周知,她很誠實.引導(dǎo)詞as代替先行詞heishonest（先行詞為一句話），在定語從句中作know的賓語.需要注意的幾個問題:.先行詞為"人"時，引導(dǎo)詞用who,whom;whose即可代替"人"又可代替"物"，that即可指"人"又可指"物"；which指"物"或"整句"；as前面常有such或thesame.例如:1）.Iwon'ttellthemthenews,whichwillmakethemsad.我不愿意告訴他們那個消息,會使他們悲傷的.（which指物）.Bambooishollow,whichmakesthemverylight.竹子是空的,這會使他們輕.（which代替整句話：bambooishollow）.HemustbefromAfrica,ascanheseenfromskin.從皮膚上看,他一定來自于非洲.（as指全句：hemustbefromAfrica）.LiHuawasoneofthegirlswhohavethechances.李華是那些有機會的小女孩之一.（who指人）.Thatistheboywhosefatherdiedthreeyearsago.那就是三年前他爸爸死的那個小男孩.（whose指人，相當(dāng)于：theboy's）.Doyouhaveabottlewhoselidisred?你有瓶蓋是紅色的瓶子嗎?（whose指物）2.that和which都能指物，指物是可以互換，that也能指人.但下列情況必須用that.1）先行詞為all,anything,everything,nothing,something等不定代詞.2）先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾.3）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等詞修飾.4）先行詞既有人也有物.5）以who開頭的疑問句例如：Iwatchedalltheglassesthatwereonthetablefalloffontothefloor.我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.Theparksaretheclearestparksthatyoucanimagine.這些公園是你能想象的最干凈的公園.CornwasnottheonlyfoodthatwastakentoEurope.玉米并不是被傳往歐洲的唯一食物.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他們談起所記起的人和事.以下情況時能用which前面緊接介詞時.引導(dǎo)非限定從句時例如:Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.這是我們正談的那本書.Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.湯姆努力學(xué)習(xí)并樂于助人,這正是他父母所盼望的.練習(xí)題1.填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞Pleasepassmethenotebook coverisyellow.LiHuawasoneofthegirls havethechancetogoabroad.HemustbeformAfrica, canbeseenfromhisskin.Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.1949wastheyear theNewChinawasborn.6.Idon'tknowthereason shelooksunhappytoday.7.Thisisthevillage myfatherworkedthreeyearsago.stillremembertheday theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime..Theletter Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister..Thewoman yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.答案：1.whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whomII.合并各組句子Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver.Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago.I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.Wearenotallowedtodoso.Tellmethereason.Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.Thetownhasbecomeafamouscity.Hegrewupinthetown.IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou.IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft.HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughter.Hehasnotseenthegirlforyears.Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist.Myuncleboughtthebicyclelastweek.Thebicyclehasbeenstolen.答案：Thefactorywhichisasmallonestandsneartheriver.Haveyouansweredtheletterthatyoureceivedtwoweeksago?I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.Tellmethereasonwhywearenotallowedtodoso.The