MedicalEnglishMedicalEnglish醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2ndClinicalMedicalCollegeZhejiangChineseMedicalUniversity2ndClinicalMedicalCollegeZhejiangChineseMedicalUniversity馬綱hzmagang@126.com13588101683100,000400~500構(gòu)詞法詞根（Root）派生詞（Derivative）合成詞（CompoundWords）A．詞根（Root）Root定義：英文詞形成的“根基”部分稱為詞根（亦稱字根）A．詞根（Root）like.......................................像a-like.................................相像un-like...............................不像like-ness...........................相像un-like-ness...............互不相像

A．詞根（Root）“l(fā)ike”就是“alike…unlikeness”等詞的詞根。因英文詞源自拉丁語(yǔ)者約占五分之三，所以英文詞的詞根也大部分源自拉丁詞根。A．詞根（Root）詞根大部分都是單音節(jié)，無(wú)重音，但是由單音節(jié)詞根派生出來(lái)的多音節(jié)詞就有重音;此時(shí)重讀音節(jié)原則上都是落在詞根，例如“a-like，like-ness，un-like-ness”。B．派生詞（Derivative）定義：由詞根利用前綴或后綴派生而成的詞稱為派生詞（亦稱轉(zhuǎn)成語(yǔ)）。B．派生詞（Derivative）以“friend”為例(前綴-詞根-后綴)

friend..............................................朋友

friend-ly..........................................友善的

friend-less.......................................沒(méi)有朋友的

friend-ship......................................友誼

un-friend-ly.....................................不友善的

B．派生詞（Derivative）前綴（Prefix）和后綴（Suffix）主要的都是源自拉丁語(yǔ)，并且都有含義。例如“un-”的含義是“與詞根的含義相反”，“-less”的含義是“沒(méi)有詞根的語(yǔ)義”。C．合成詞（CompoundWords）定義：由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立且語(yǔ)義不相同的詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)表達(dá)新的語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)詞功能的詞稱為合成詞。C．合成詞（CompoundWords）class（班級(jí)）+room（房間）→classroom（教室）black（黑色的）+board（木板）→blackboard（黑板）note（記錄）+book（簿本）→notebook（筆記簿）hide（躲藏）+and（和）+seek（尋找）→hide-and-seek（捉迷藏）forget（忘記）+me（我）+not（不）→forget-me-not勿忘（我）草Jack（男孩名）+in（在……里面）+the+box（盒子）→jack-in-the-box（玩偶箱）C．合成詞（CompoundWords）合成詞的寫法可以如“classroom”拼寫成一詞，也可以如“hide-and-seek”各詞之間用連字號(hào)“-”連接成一詞，應(yīng)依照詞典的方式拼寫。學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法的作用擴(kuò)大鞏固詞匯詞根anthropo-（人）anthropolgy（人類學(xué)）anthropid（類人的）anthropologist（人類學(xué)家）anthropolgical（人類學(xué)的）philanthropist（慈善家）misanthropist（厭世者）學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法的作用有助深刻理解詞義：

后綴-ster含有輕蔑意味：trickster（騙子手）gamester（賭棍）rhymster（打油詩(shī)人）gangster（歹徒）monster（惡人）學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法的作用靈活運(yùn)用詞語(yǔ)on-the-spot（現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的）sixteen-in-one-group（十六進(jìn)制的）blue-black（藍(lán)黑）under-develop（發(fā)育不全）middle-of-term（期中）fecal-borne（糞便傳播的）hair-bulb（毛球）fever-blister（發(fā)熱性皰疹）mind-blindness（精神性盲）combiningformendocrinologyprefixrootcombiningvowelsuffixendocrinologyinnersecretethestudyofendocrinology[end?ukri'n?l?d?i]

內(nèi)分泌學(xué)

CombiningformprefixandsuffixMeaningTerminologyandmeaningadren/oadrenalgland(腎上腺)adrenal

[?d‘ri:n?l]adj.腎上腺的n.腎上腺

adrenaline[?’dren?lin]n.腎上腺素

adrenalitis[?.dr?n?‘laitis]n.腎上腺炎-alpertainingto(有關(guān)于；…的)medical['medik?l]adj.醫(yī)療的，醫(yī)學(xué)的，藥物的，需治療的

biological[.bai?'l?d?ik?l]adj.生物學(xué)的

chemical['kemik?l]adj.化學(xué)的n.化學(xué)制品-arpertainingto(有關(guān)于；…的)vascular

['v?skjul?]adj.血管的，脈管的，充滿活力的

cellular['seljul?]adj.細(xì)胞的，松織的

molecular[m?'lekj?l?]adj.分子的bi/olife(生物；生命)biomedical[bai?u‘medik?l]adj.生物醫(yī)學(xué)的

biology[bai’?l?d?i]n.生物學(xué)

biophysical[.bai?u‘fizik?l]adj.生物物理學(xué)的cardi/oheart(心臟)cardiology[.kɑ:di'?l?d?i]n.心臟學(xué)

cardiopathy[.kɑ:di'?p?θi]n.心臟病

cardiogram['kɑ:di?gr?m]n.心電圖chrom/o

chromomat/ocolor(色)chromosome(s)['kr?um?s?um]n.染色體

chromatin['kr?um?tin]n.核染質(zhì)，染色質(zhì)

chromatoplasm['kr?um?t?pl?zm]n.色素質(zhì)crin/osecrete(分泌)endocrinology[end?ukri'n?l?d?i]n.內(nèi)分泌學(xué)

crinogenic

[krain?'d?enik]adj.促分泌的

crinology

[krai'n?l?d?i]n.分泌學(xué)，促分泌學(xué)-cyte

cell(細(xì)胞)erythrocyte[i'riθr?.sait]n.紅細(xì)胞，紅血球

leukocyte['lu:k?.sait]n.白血球

lymphocyte['limf?sait]n.淋巴球，淋巴細(xì)胞cyt/ocell(細(xì)胞)cytology[sai't?l?d?i]n.細(xì)胞學(xué)

cytochemistry[sait?'kem?stri]n.細(xì)胞化學(xué)

cytobiology

[sait?ubai'?l?d?i]n.細(xì)胞生物學(xué)embry/oembryo(胚胎)embryology[.embri'?l?d?i]n.胚胎學(xué)，發(fā)生學(xué)

embryoma[embri'?um?]n.[醫(yī)]胎組織瘤

embryopathology[.embri?up??'θ?l?d?i]胚胎病理學(xué)endo-inner(內(nèi))endocrinology[end?ukri'n?l?d?i]n.內(nèi)分泌學(xué)

endocardial[end?u'kɑ:di?l]adj.心臟內(nèi)的

endocellular

[end?'seljul?]adj.細(xì)胞內(nèi)的,內(nèi)向的epi-above(上)epithelial[.epi'θi:li?l]adj.上皮的

epidermic

[.epi'd?:mik]adj.外皮的，上皮的

epidermatitis[.epid?:m?'taitis]n.表皮炎erythr/ored(紅)erythrocyte[i'riθr?.sait]n.紅細(xì)胞，紅血球

erythocytometer[i.riθ?usai't?mit?]紅細(xì)胞測(cè)量器

erythogenesis[i.riθ?u'd?enisis]紅細(xì)胞發(fā)生ex-out(外;出)exhale[eks'heil]v.呼氣，發(fā)出，散發(fā)

expel[iks'pel]vt.驅(qū)逐，逐出，開(kāi)除

expand[iks'p?nd]vt.增加，詳述，擴(kuò)展，使...膨脹vi.擴(kuò)展，增加，詳述-gensththatproducedorproduces(原)pathogen['p?θ?d??n]n.病原體

oxygen['?ksid??n]n.氧，氧氣

nitrogen['naitr?d??n]n.氮hemat/o

hem/oblood(血)hematology['hi:m?'t?l?d?i]n.血液學(xué)

hemoglobin[.hi:m?u'gl?ubin]n.血紅蛋白

hemocyte['hi:m?sait]n.(尤指無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物的)血球，血細(xì)胞hist/otissue(組織)histology[his't?l?d?i]n.[生]組織學(xué)，組織機(jī)構(gòu)

histopathology[.hist?up?'θ?l?d?i]n.組織病理學(xué)說(shuō)

histotherapy[hist?u'θer?pi]n.組織療法-icpertainingto(有關(guān)于；…的)basic['beisik]n.基本，實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西，基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練adj.基本的，含硅量少的

toxic['t?ksik]adj.有毒的n.有毒物質(zhì)

symptomatic[.simpt?'m?tik]adj.癥狀的，具有癥候的immun/oprotection/safe(免疫)immunology[.imju'n?l?d?i]n.免疫學(xué)

immune[i'mju:n]adj.免除的，免疫的

immunodeficiency[i'mju:n?udi'fi??nsi]n.免疫缺陷-ine/-insubstance(素)adrenaline[?'dren?lin]n.腎上腺素

insulin['insjulin]n.胰島素

urin['ju?rin]n.尿檢-ismprocessorcondition(狀態(tài);過(guò)程)metabolism[me't?b?liz?m]n.新陳代謝

anabolism[?'nab?.liz?m]n.合成代謝，同化作用

catabolism[k?'t?b?liz?m]n.分解代謝-logythestudyof(學(xué))sociology[.s?usi'?l?d?i]n.社會(huì)學(xué)，社會(huì)關(guān)系學(xué)，群落生態(tài)學(xué)

urinology['ju?ri'n?l?d?i]n.泌尿?qū)W

cytology[sai't?l?d?i]n.細(xì)胞學(xué)lymph/olymph(淋巴)lymphocyte['limf?sait]n.淋巴球，淋巴細(xì)胞

lymphoma[lim'f?um?]n.淋巴瘤

lymphology[lim'f?l?d?i]n.淋巴學(xué)physi/ophysical(生理的)physiology[.fizi'?l?d?i]n.生理學(xué)

physician[fi'zi??n]n.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

physiotherapy[.fizi?u'θer?pi]n.物理療法-plasmformation,growthorsubstanceofformation(漿;質(zhì))cytoplasm['sait?.pl?z?m]n.細(xì)胞質(zhì)

protoplasm['pr?ut?pl?z?m]n.原生質(zhì)，原漿

neoplasm['ni:?upl?z?m]n.瘤，贅生物psych/omind(精神)psychology[sai'k?l?d?i]n.心理學(xué)

psychosis[sai'k?usis]n.精神病，精神不正常

psychobiology[.saik?ubai'?l?d?i]n.精神生物學(xué)-somesbodies(體)chromosome(s)['kr?um?s?um]n.染色體

centrosome(s)['sentr?.s?um]n.中心小體

ribosome['raib?s?um]n.核糖核蛋白體，核糖體thyr/othyroidgland(甲狀腺)hyperthyroidism[.haip?'θair?idiz?m]n.甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn)

hypothyroidism[.haip?u'θair?idiz?m]n.甲狀腺機(jī)能減退

thyroiditis[.θair?i'daitis]n.甲狀腺炎-tomyprocessofcutting(切開(kāi)術(shù);切斷術(shù))anatomy[?'n?t?mi]n.解剖學(xué)，解剖學(xué)專著，分解，解剖，骨骸

osteotomy[.?sti'?t?mi]n.骨切開(kāi)術(shù)，截骨術(shù)

cardiotomy[kɑ:di'?t?mi]n.心切開(kāi)術(shù)，賁門切開(kāi)術(shù)vascul/obloodvessel(血管)vascular['v?skjul?]adj.血管的，脈管的，充滿活力的

vasculitis

[.v?skj?'laitis].n.脈管炎，血管炎

vasculolymphatic[.v?skjul?lim'f?tik]adj.血管淋巴管的醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的常用詞綴人體主要器官前綴心heartcardiao-

cardial

ardium/carditis/cardiology腦brainencepholo-

cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmonitis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的常用詞綴與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴血bloodhemo-

hematohematologyhemoglobinhematoma血管vesselvaso-

vasopressor

cardiovasology

verebrovascular靜脈veinveno-

venographyintravenousvenoconstriction動(dòng)脈arteryarterio-

arteriologyarteriolearteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-

mycologymyositis

myocarditis醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的常用詞綴數(shù)字前綴示例一（單）mono-uni-

monomermonoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-

bilateralbiphasic/carbondioxide/dipeptide(二肽)三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia(四肢麻痹)五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的常用詞綴六hexa-

hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompound七h(yuǎn)epta-

heptachromic/heptaploid(7倍體)/heptavalent(7價(jià)的)八octa-octahedral(八面體)/octalsystem(八進(jìn)制)九nona-

nonapeptide九肽nonagon九邊形十deca-