SocialMovement

ofthe1960s

(20世紀(jì)60年代的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng))Specification詳述thecivilrightsmovement民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)theyouthmovement青年運(yùn)動(dòng)theanti-warmovement反戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)

thewomen‘smovement婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)HistoricalBackground

（歷史背景）theconciousnessofdifferentAmericans

（美國(guó)人各種不同的意見）Afro-Americans:TheyhadatasteoflifeoutsidethesouthsothattheyknowthatlifeinthesegregatedsouthwasnottheAmericanwayoflife.Women:DuringWWII,womenhadtheopportunitytoworkinresponsiblejobsforgoodpays,buttheydon'thavetheminthe1960s.Youth:TheyresentedtraditionalwhitemalevaluesinUSsociety.theVietnamWar

Manypeoplethoughtitwaswrong,anddidn'twanttojoinit.Definition定義

peopleworktogetherchangegovernmentpoliciesandsociety.人們一起努力為了改變政府的政策和整個(gè)社會(huì)Characteristics特點(diǎn)

structureandspontaneity組織性和自發(fā)性theCivilRightMovement民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)BeginingEvent起始事件:In1955,RosaParksrefusedtogiveherseattoawhitemaninabus,soshewasarrested.ThenblackpeopleinMontgometry,Alabamaspontaneouslybegantoboycottthebussystem,refusingtorideonthebus.1955年，在公共汽車上，羅莎帕克斯拒絕把她的位置讓給一個(gè)白人，她因此而被逮捕。之后蒙哥馬利州和阿拉巴馬州的黑人開始決絕乘坐公共汽車。Therefore,segregationwasbreakingdowninthe1960s.因此，種族隔離開始劃分。Organization組織:SNCC:theStudentNon-violentCorodinatingCommittee,bystudents,acollectiveleadership學(xué)生非暴力協(xié)調(diào)會(huì)，由學(xué)生組織且集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)CORE:theCongressofRacialEquality,byJamesFarmer種族平等的國(guó)會(huì),由詹姆斯法默創(chuàng)建SCLC:theSouthernChristianLeadershipConference,byEllaBaker,in1957——thenon-violentprophase南方的基督徒領(lǐng)袖聯(lián)合會(huì),由埃拉貝克,在1957年——非暴力的前期DeaconsforDefenseofJustice出于捍衛(wèi)公正而建立的迪肯theBlackPantherPartyforSelf-Defense,byStokeleyCarmichael——thedefensiveanaphase出于自衛(wèi)形成的黑豹黨聚會(huì),由斯托克利.卡邁克爾創(chuàng)建——防守后期DirectActionTactics直接行動(dòng)策略:Sit-ins靜坐:Freedom-RidesVoter-registration選舉人登記DemonstrationinWashington,D.C.(whenMartinLutherKing·Jr.gavehisspeech“IHaveaDream”）華盛頓特區(qū)游行(當(dāng)時(shí)馬丁·路德·金·發(fā)表他的演講“我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想”)—thenon-violentactiontactics非暴力行動(dòng)策略——WattsRiots,in1964summer美國(guó)瓦茨暴亂,在1964年的夏天aMarchagainstFear,戰(zhàn)勝恐懼的進(jìn)軍,在1960年

—thedefensiveactiontactics防守行動(dòng)戰(zhàn)術(shù)theYouthMovementHistoricalBackground歷史背景:Thecivilrightsmovementinstilledthemwiththebeliefinlibertyandrebellioninattitude.Theyouthwhotookpartinthecivilrighsmovementhadseenthegovernmentdegravinginprotectingpeople‘srightssothattheylosttherespectfortheauthority.民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給他們灌輸了對(duì)自由的信仰和叛亂的態(tài)度。參加了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的年輕人看見政府在保護(hù)人民的權(quán)利方面的腐敗,所以他們不再尊重官方權(quán)威。BeginngEvent:FreedomSpeechMovement自由演講運(yùn)動(dòng)

InOctomber1964,aCOREorganiserdistributedinformationandcollectedmoneyatthecampusoftheUniversityatBerkeley.在1964年十月，種族平等的國(guó)會(huì)的組織者在伯克利(

美國(guó)加州西部城市)大學(xué)公布消息并籌款。Theuniversitypolicechiefanddeanscametostophim,andfinallywouldarresthim.Thenalargecrowdofstudentsspontaneouslysurroundedthecarandprotestedsothat800studentswerearrested.However,theuniversitywasclosedandtheteachersvotedtochangetheschoolrules.Themovementwasendedwithstudents‘success.警察局長(zhǎng)和大學(xué)院長(zhǎng)來阻止他,最后逮捕他。那一大群學(xué)生自發(fā)地包圍了車并且抗議,800名學(xué)生被逮捕。然而,大學(xué)被關(guān)閉,老師們投票決定改變學(xué)校的規(guī)則。這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)以學(xué)生們的成功而結(jié)束。

theWomen'sMovement

Groups團(tuán)體:professionalwomenappointedtoaCommissionontheStatusofWomen職業(yè)女性任命一個(gè)關(guān)于女性地位的委員會(huì)

whitehousewiviesandmothers(MostofthemwereinfluencedbythebooktheFeminineMystique,in1963,byBettyFriedan)白人中的家庭主婦和母親(大多數(shù)的人都是受《女性的奧秘》影響。這本書由貝蒂·弗麗達(dá)在1963年編著)

Accidents事件:In1964,awordintheCivilRightsAct,whichmadethediscriminationinemploymentonraceorsexillegal.在1964年,一個(gè)單詞出現(xiàn)在民權(quán)法案，明確規(guī)定在就業(yè)中的種族和性別歧視是違法的In1966,theNationalOrganizationforWomen(NOW)wasformed.1966年,全國(guó)婦女組織成立。。FiguresandEvents人物和事件MartinLutherKing·JrHewasthefamousleaderofthecivilrightsmovementforblackpeopleandhewaswellknownwithhisspeech"IHaveaDream".他是著名的維護(hù)黑人的美國(guó)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖,他因他的演說“我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想”而流芳百世。Asanadvocateofthe"non-violentfight",hewasrewardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.作為一個(gè)的“非暴力的戰(zhàn)斗”提倡者,他獲得了1964年諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。Hewas