Chapter6LogisticsInformationsystem物流信息系統(tǒng)LearningObjectivesTounderstandthefunctionsoflogistics

informationsystem(LIS);Tolearnaboutusageof

E-commerce/E-business電子商務(wù)Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)電子信息交換技術(shù)Bar-codingtechnologies條碼技術(shù)POS-PointOfSale銷售終端系統(tǒng)RFID電子標(biāo)簽、無線射頻識(shí)別

PartI:

Logisticsinformationsystem

物流信息系統(tǒng)LISisefficienttomanagementwhiletheyaredeciding…Whereshouldthemostfrequentlyorderedpartsbelocatedinthewarehouse

客戶下訂單最多的零件應(yīng)放置的位置Howshouldinventorybedeployedtooptimizesales

庫存應(yīng)如何部署才有利于銷售Whichmotorcarriershouldbeselected

該選擇哪個(gè)承運(yùn)人PartI:

Logisticsinformationsystem

物流信息系統(tǒng)Whatkindoflogisticinformationcanbefound?Logisticsinformationis…企業(yè)內(nèi)部：internallycoordinatedwithlogisticsdepartments<-->manufacturing<-->marketing<-->financial企業(yè)外部：Externally--Expandingtotheentiresupplychain

suppliers<-->manufacturers<-->distributors<-->customers(service)供應(yīng)商顧客制造商合同制造商以供應(yīng)商為導(dǎo)向的信息交換物流信息交換以客戶為導(dǎo)向信息交換銀行批發(fā)商/分銷商零售商虛擬制造商物流服務(wù)提供者退回產(chǎn)品財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃2.Relatedinformation

supplies/demand(order)information訂單信息；customerservicerelatedinformation客戶服務(wù)信息；inventorylevels庫存信息；transportationinformation運(yùn)輸信息

3.DefiningtheLogisticsInformationSystemComprehensionQuestionsHowisLISdefinedinthetext?WhatarethetheretypesofLIS?HowcanLISassistlogisticsoperations?Whatadvancedtechnologiesareespeciallymentionedthatcancaptureandcommunicatelogistics-relatedinformation?ComprehensionQuestionsHowisLISdefinedinthetext?LIS（LogisticsInformationSystem）AnLIScanbedefinedas:

“people,equipment,andprocedures”usedtogather,sort,analyze,evaluate,anddistributeneeded,timelyandaccurateinformationtodecisionmakers.(為決策者)收集、挑選、分析、評(píng)估、分配所需的及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的信息所使用的人、設(shè)備和程序。ComprehensionQuestions2.WhatarethetheretypesofLIS?Operational操作層面Tactical戰(zhàn)術(shù)層面Strategic戰(zhàn)略層面inputDecisionmakingFigure11.1representstheLISandtheinteractionsbetweenitssubsystems.TheLIShasfourprimarycomponents:orderprocessingsystem(訂單處理系統(tǒng)),

businessresearchandintelligencesystem(BI,商業(yè)智能),

decisionsupportsystem(決策支持系統(tǒng)，e.g.forecasting),Reportsandoutputssystem(報(bào)告輸出系統(tǒng)).

知識(shí)鏈接

Businessintelligence(BI)BIistheabilityofanorganizationtocollect,maintain,andorganizeknowledge.BeerandDiapers啤酒與尿布的故事---asuccessfulexampleSometimeago,Wal-Martdecidedtocombinethedatafromitsloyaltycardsystemwiththatfromitspointofsalesystems.TheformerprovidedWal-Martwithdemographicdataaboutitscustomers,thelattertolditwhere,whenandwhatthosecustomersbought.Acorrelationbetweenthemwasfound!Onecorrelationstoodoutunexpectedly—Beerwastheproductmostoftensoldwithdiapers.Ontopofthat,thesepurchasesweremademainlyonFridayafternoonsbymenbetweentheagesof25and35.BeerandDiapersThefacts…YoungAmericanmalesfrequentlyindulgeincarousingbehaviorwithfriendsonFridaynights.However,theyalsohavetheresponsibilitytotakecareofkids.Theymighthavetodrinkbeerathome.MostyoungAmericanmalesonlybuydiapersaftertheyhavefatheredoffspring.BeerandDiapersWhatdecisionwouldyoumakebasedonthefollowinginformationifyourwerethemanager?

Action:Afterseeingtheresultsofthedatamining,Wal-Martmovedthebeernexttothediapers.Beersaleswentup.ComprehensionQuestions2.HowcanLISassistlogisticsoperations?Someofthemorecommonlyimplementedsystemsareusedtosupporttransportationmanagement,warehousemanagement,andoperationsplanningandscheduling.

有些更常見的系統(tǒng)被用于交通和倉儲(chǔ)的管理以及各種業(yè)務(wù)的計(jì)劃和調(diào)度。ComprehensionQuestions3.Whatadvancedtechnologiesareespeciallymentionedthatcancaptureandcommunicatelogistics-relatedinformation?Advancedtechnologiesareusedforcapturingandcommunicatinglogistics-relateddata,suchasbar-coding,electronicdatainterchange(EDI)and,morerecently,radiofrequencyidentification(RFID).

條碼、電子信息交換、以及最近出現(xiàn)的射頻識(shí)別等先進(jìn)技術(shù)被用來捕捉與物流有關(guān)的信息并用來進(jìn)行物流信息交換。PartII:InformationtechnologiesandtoolsInternetE-CommerceandE-BusinessEDIPOSBarcodeRFID1.E-Commerceand

E-BusinessWhatisE-commerceandE-business?What’sthedifferencebetweenthesetwoconcepts?WhatbenefitscanECandEBoffer?

E-commerceisdescribedasamethodofbuyingandsellingproductsandserviceelectronically.以電子方式進(jìn)行買賣的過程。E-business:e-businessismorethanjuste-commercewithamorestrategicfocus.上升到戰(zhàn)略的層面。---E-businessisnotonlyjustaboutbuyingandselling,butalsoservicingcustomersandcollaboratingwithbusinesspartners.BenefitsWhencomparingwithtraditionaltransactionways…Cutcostandtransactiontime

節(jié)省成本和交易時(shí)間Promoteandsellproductaroundtheworld,aroundtheclock

隨時(shí)隨地商品交易Competegloballyagainstcompaniesofallsizes

無論規(guī)模大小，都可以進(jìn)行全球競爭(TAOBAO)Streamlineexternalsupplychainmanagement簡化整條供應(yīng)鏈的管理2.EDIelectronicdatainterchange

電子數(shù)據(jù)交換

Traditionalwaystoexchangedata:

MailingandfaxingWhatisthedefinitionofEDI？anewwayforcompaniestotransmitbusinessdocumentelectronicallyinstandardizedelectronicforms企業(yè)將商業(yè)文件以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的電子文件進(jìn)行傳輸?shù)囊环N方式ThebasisofEDI---StandardUN/EDIFACT

手工環(huán)境下貿(mào)易單證的傳遞過程發(fā)送方企業(yè)

單證數(shù)據(jù)紙面單證紙面單證單證數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送方數(shù)據(jù)庫接收方數(shù)據(jù)庫傳真機(jī)郵局錄入打印機(jī)PrintingMailingFaxingDataPaper-baseddocumentsInputsDatabaseDatabaseEDI條件下貿(mào)易單證傳遞方式發(fā)送方企業(yè)

接收方企業(yè)

發(fā)送方數(shù)據(jù)庫單證數(shù)據(jù)WAN或InternetEDI軟件EDI軟件接收方數(shù)據(jù)庫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EDI報(bào)文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EDI報(bào)文DatabaseDataEDIsoftwareTranslatedintostandardizedformatEDIsoftwareDatabaseEDIcanonlyworkifallthecompaniesinvolvedareusingthesamemethodsandthedocumentsusedbybothpartiesareinthesameformat!PAPERLESS無紙化SupplementaryreadingElectronicdatainterchangeinthePortofHamburgEDI應(yīng)用于漢堡港ExplainthemeaningofthepicturetakenfromDakosy’sbrochure.DescribetheserviceDakosy’sEDIsystemoffers.Describethebenefitsifoffers.reducingthetime…faster…

speedandcostsaving!BenefitsofEDIReductionindocumentpreparationandprocessingtimeIncreasedbillingaccuracyLesscostDataintegrity

amorestream-linedbusinessprocess3.Bar-coding條形碼技術(shù)Whatisabar-code?Inwhatformatdoesabar-codeusuallyappear?

Howtoreadtheinformationhiddeninabarcode?WhatisaBar-code?

Abar-codeisamachine-readablerepresentationofinformationinavisualformatonasurface.條碼是印在商品表面上的一組可見的、可用機(jī)器識(shí)別的、代表商品信息的符號(hào)。Originallybar-codesstoreddatainthewidthsandspacingsofprintedparallellines,buttodaytheyalsocomeinpatternsofdots,concentriccircles,andhiddeninimages.(linearcode)

最初，條碼將數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存在一組平行的，由條和空組成的直線上。今天，條碼會(huì)以原點(diǎn)，同心圓形式出現(xiàn)，甚至?xí)[藏在圖像里?！璴edtothedevelopmentofmatrixcodes(atypeof2Dbar-code)whichdonotconsistofbarsbutratheragridofsquarecells.

人們開發(fā)了矩陣條形碼（二維條碼），不用線條來儲(chǔ)存，而是由方格子組成。Stackedbar-codesareacomprisebetween2Dandlinearcodes.

堆積式條碼是一維碼和二維碼的折中。WhatisaBar-code?

Bar-codescanbereadbyopticalscannerscalledbar-codereadersorscannedfromanimagebyspecialsoftware.

條碼可以用光學(xué)掃描器（條碼掃描儀）進(jìn)行識(shí)別，或者可以用特殊軟件從一個(gè)圖像中掃描出來。UsagesofBar-coding

條碼的用途keepingtrackofthelargenumberofitemsinastore

追蹤貨物reducinginstancesofshoplifting減少入店盜竊現(xiàn)象keepingtrackoftheirrentalcars追蹤出租車輛keepingtrackofpassengerluggage,reducingthechanceofloss.追蹤乘客行李，減少丟失trackinginsects‘matinghabits跟蹤昆蟲的習(xí)性trackingmovementofnuclearwaste跟蹤核肥料去向coordinatingfashionshows協(xié)助模特表演producingportraits制作肖像4.RFIDVideoQuestion:1.WhatisRFIDusedfor?2.Whatdothefourlettersrepresent?3.WhichfieldsRFIDhasappliedtodiditmention?4.RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification無線射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)/電子標(biāo)簽VideoQuestion:1.WhatisRFIDusedfor?Identifying,trackingandmanagingeverything2.WhichfieldsRFIDhasbeenappliedtodiditmention?Loadingdockdoors卸貨區(qū)門HandheldcomputersLifttrucksConveyorbeltsSecurity(IDbadge)4.RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification

無線射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)/電子標(biāo)簽istheuseofawirelessnon-contact（非接觸性的）systemthat