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中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)方案語(yǔ)法部分第一篇詞法六、介詞復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)一、常用介詞的意義二、常用介詞的用法辨析三、中考英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)知識(shí)概要
介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:TheboyoverthereisJohn’sbrother.(定語(yǔ))Thegirlwillbebackintwohours.(狀語(yǔ))OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表語(yǔ))Helpyourselftosomefish.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))難點(diǎn)鏈接一、常用介詞的意義1.abouta.在各處;四處b.關(guān)于2.
aftera.在……之后b.在……后面along
沿著;順著as
作為;當(dāng)作amonga.在……中間b.在(三者或三者以上)之間
ata.(表示地點(diǎn)/位置)在b.(表示時(shí)間)在……時(shí)刻)c.(表示動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)和方向)beforea.在……前面b.在……以前behind
在……后面
below
在……下面
一、常用介詞的意義10.beside
在……旁邊;靠近11.between
在(兩者)之間;在……中間12.bya.在……旁邊;靠近b.在……時(shí)間c.(指時(shí)間)不遲于d.(用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))被e.(表示方法、手段)用;由f.(指交通工具等)乘;用13.down
沿著(街道、河流)而下14.during
在……的期間;在……過(guò)程中15.except
除……之外16.fora.(表示方向)往;向b.(表示所屬)……的c.(表示時(shí)間距離)計(jì);達(dá)d.(說(shuō)明目的或用途)為…17.froma.(表示起點(diǎn))從;自b.(表示開(kāi)始的時(shí)候)從……起c.(表示距離)距;離d.(表示來(lái)源)來(lái)自難點(diǎn)鏈接一、常用介詞的意義18.infrontof
在……前面intoa.(表示動(dòng)作的方向)到……內(nèi);向內(nèi)b.(表示情況和結(jié)果的變化)變成ina.(表示位置)在……里/內(nèi)/中b.在…(時(shí)間)c.穿;戴d.在…(情況/狀況)中e.使用(語(yǔ)言)like
像near
在……附近;靠近ofa.(表示所屬關(guān)系)…的b.(表示數(shù)量)…的c.(表示其中)…off
(表示脫離)離開(kāi)25.ona.在……上面b.在……時(shí)刻c.關(guān)于overa.在……上方(以上)b.越過(guò)c.遍及pasta.(指時(shí)間)過(guò)b.走過(guò)某處難點(diǎn)鏈接一、常用介詞的意義28.since
自從…以來(lái)29.througha.穿過(guò);通過(guò)b.從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束30.till
直到……為止31.until
直到……為止32.up
在/向……上面33.toa.(表示方向)到;向b.(表示間接關(guān)系)給c.(表示鐘點(diǎn))在……之34.witha.(表示具有)帶有;具有b.(表示手段或方法)用;以c.(表示伴隨)與…一道;和…一起35.without
沒(méi)有36.round
環(huán)繞一周;圍著37.under
在/向……下面難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接二、常用介詞的用法辨析(1)表時(shí)間的介詞1)at,inon表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如:atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用in。例如:intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用on。例如:onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。2)since,after由since和after引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段,但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去,因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如:Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.
Afterfivedaystheboycameback.3)in,afterin與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如:Hewillbebackintwomonths.
Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.
Hereturnedafteramonth.難點(diǎn)鏈接(2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞1)at,in,onat一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如:HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.
Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.
Thereisabigholeinthewall.
Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.2)over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是under。
above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸,一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
Weflewabovetheclouds.
Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.3)across,throughacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”,但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如:Thedogranacrossthegrass.
Theboyswamacrosstheriver.
Theywalkedthroughtheforest.
Ipushedthroughthecrowds.4)infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某個(gè)范圍以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某個(gè)范圍以?xún)?nèi)。例如:Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.
Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.難點(diǎn)鏈接三、中考英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)1.at:atnight,atschool,athome,atnoon,atlast,atleast,atdinner,atwork,atthetable,atonce,not…atall,atthehospital,attimes
,atthemoment,attheendof,atthefootof,atabadtimeof,atthemeeting,atthebeginningof,atthesametime,atfirst/last,knockat/on,laughat,lookat,smileat,begoodat,beangryat/with,besurprisedat,attheageof,atthebottomof,havealookat2.by:bytheway,bybus,onebyone,daybyday,bytheendof,byhand3.in:inbed,inawhile,intime,
inahurry,infrontof,inthefrontof,intheend,
inJapanese,insurprise,inhospital,inone’slife,inalowvoice,innotime,intheopenair,intheday,introuble,inline,infact,inthesun,
inthemiddle,inall,arrivein/at,believein,beinterestedin,dowellin,bebornin,bemadein/of/from,inthenewspaper/photo,believein,spendindoing,dropin,inone’sopinion,inthefuture,learn/knowbyheart三、中考英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)4.on:onduty,ontime,ontopof,ontheradio,onone’swayto,onthewallonfoot,onbike,ontheothersideof,onshow,onSundaymorningonthatday,atalkonhistory,onholiday,dependon,holdon,operateon,puton,passon,spendon,turnon,tryon,lateron,onone’sopinion,spendon,puton,comeon,dependon,onearth,onTV,ontheedgeof,ontheleft/right5.with:withasmile,withpleasure,withone’shelp,agreewith,beginwith,dealwith/dowith,fillwith,help…with,playwith,talkwith,catchupwith,getonwellwith,besatisfiedwith,bebusywith,havenothingtodowith,beangrywithsb.,bepleasedwithsb.,bestrictwith,writewith,haveawordwith,makefriendwith,talkwith難點(diǎn)鏈接三、中考英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)6.to:toone’sjoy,toone’ssurprise,prefer…to,pointto,writeto,gotothecinema,gotoschool,bekindto,beableto,beafraidtodo,compareto,getto,gotowork,giveone’slifeto,gotocollege,lookforwardto,nextto,sellto,lendto,talkto7.of:lotsof=alotof,placesofinterest,allkindsof,dieof,hearof,apairof,acoupleof,
beafraidof,beproudof,besureof,takecareof,takeholdof,befullof,takecareof,anumberof,bestofall,firstofall,insteadof,hundreds/millionsof,ofcourse,thinkof,8.without:withoutmoney9.after:thedayaftertomorrow,lookafter,afterall10.for:forexample,askfor,leavefor,sendfor,payfor,waitfor,belatefor,forlong,getreadyfor,bebadfor,foralongtime,befamousfor,lookfor,goforawalk,thanksfor難點(diǎn)鏈接三、中考英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)11.before:o:breakinto,knock…into,changeinto13.round/around:comeround,showaround,lookaround14.off:falloff,hurryoff,takeoff,turnoff,putoff15.behind:fallbehind16.from:befrom,comefrom,hearfrom,learnfrom,stop…from…,fromnowon,bedifferentfrom,borrowfrom,buyfrom17.out:findout,sellout,tryout,wearout,pull…outof,lookoutof,putout,workout,comeout,getoutof,goout,sellout,
難點(diǎn)鏈接三、中考英語(yǔ)常用介詞短語(yǔ)18.like:looklike,soundlike,feellike19.up:lookup,putup,sendup,wakeup,pull…upfrom,eatup,comeup,giveup,getup,growup,pickup,ringup,sellup,setup,standup20.down:
takedown,turndown,writedown,godown,closedown,lookdown,sitdown21.about:thinkabout,what/howabout,hearabout,worryabout22.away:takeaway,putaway,faraway,goaway,runaway,throwaway24.over:lookover,thinkover,allover,overthere25.as:thesameas,befamousas26.through:gothrough,lookthrough難點(diǎn)鏈接正誤辨析1.[誤]
Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.[正]
Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.[析]
at用于具體時(shí)刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。2.[誤]
Don'tsleepatdaytime[正]
Don'tsleepindaytime.[析]
in要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),如:inthemorning/afternoon,或
intheweek/month/year.或
inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3.[誤]
WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.[正]
WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.[析]
inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4.[誤]
Hebecameawritterathistwenties[正]
Hebecameawritterinhistwenties[析]這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為:他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示,而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。5.[誤]
HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.[正]
HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.[析]在具體年歲前用at,如:attheageof12,
atyourage,等等。6.[誤]
Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.[正]
Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.[析]具體某一天要用介詞on,又如:onNewYear‘sDay正誤辨析7.[誤]
I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.[正]
I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.[析]在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間,一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。8.[誤]
Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.[正]
Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.
[析]
during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時(shí)間,可以用于完成時(shí),如:Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為"整整,全部的時(shí)間"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間,一般要與完成時(shí)連用。10.[誤]
Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.[正]
Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.[析]
atthebeginning與attheend都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分,均不指時(shí)間范圍,而inthebeginning則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。intheend=atlast是指"最終,終于"之意。正誤辨析11.[誤]
Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.[正]
Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.[析]
by引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn),其意思為"不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),如:I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻,但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式,如:Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.12.[誤]
HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.[正]
HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.[正]
HecametoLondontwoweeksago.[析]
before一般要與完成時(shí)連用,而ago則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。13.[誤]
IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIhadcomehere.[正]
IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.[析]
since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí),而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)14.[誤]
Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.[正]
Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.[析]中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取,兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好,而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于過(guò)去時(shí),如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí),一定要用介詞in。正誤辨析15.[誤]
Threedaysafterhedied.[正]
Afterthreedayshedied.[正]
Threedayslaterhedied.[析]
after與
later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后,但它們所處的位置不同,after在時(shí)間詞前,而later在時(shí)間詞后。16.[誤]
Shehidherselfafterthetree.[正]
Shehidherselfbehindthetree.[析]
after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后,所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17.[誤]
Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.[正]
Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.[析]樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí),樹(shù)葉要用on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用inthetree.18.[誤]
ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.[正]
ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.[析]在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞:in,on,to。
in表示在某范圍之內(nèi);on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.19.[誤]
IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.[正]
IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.[析]
at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方,而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。正誤辨析20.[誤]
HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.[正]
HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.[析]在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21.[誤]
ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.[正]
ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.[析]在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.22.[誤]
ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.[正]
ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.[析]要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法,如:atatailor'sshop(裁縫店)=atatailor's,atthedoctor's(去看病)atthebookseller's(在書(shū)店)atuncleWang's(在王叔叔家)23.[誤]
Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?[正]
Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?[析]在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上,或某一頁(yè)上則要用on。24.[誤]
TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.[正]
SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.[析]這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程,即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意,有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞,如:attable(吃飯),
WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.還有:
atdesk(學(xué)習(xí)),atwork(工作)atschool(上學(xué)),
inhospital(住醫(yī)院)atchurch作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意,如:attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事,inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。正誤辨析25.[誤]
Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.[正]
Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.[析]譯文為:在去車(chē)站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙,為的是消磨時(shí)光"在……的路上"應(yīng)用onone'sway…。而
intheway有擋道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。26.[誤]
Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.[正]
Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.[正]
Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.[析]
in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ),而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞,與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。27.[誤]
I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.[正]
I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.[正]
I'llleaveforShanghai.[析]
leavefor是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配,不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有:startfor動(dòng)身前往某處,setoutfor,
sailfor。28.[誤]
I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.[正]
I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.[析]
getin,與
getout是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。getin為上車(chē),而getout為下車(chē),但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞,所以其后不能接名詞,我們可以講We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車(chē):geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)正誤辨析29.[誤]
BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.[正]
Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.[析]
over與
above在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí),即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.30.[誤]
Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.[正]
Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.[析]
over還有一意為"跨越,橫跨"。31.[誤]
TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.[正]
TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.[析]在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞,over與under也是反意詞。32.[誤]
Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.[正]
Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.[析]
infrontof是在物體外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33.[誤]
Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.[正]
Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.[析]
across作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思:①橫過(guò),如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對(duì)面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.正誤辨析34.[誤]
Thesunsetstowardthewest.[正]
Thesunsetsinthewest.[析]
towards也可用作toward,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng),但不一定到達(dá),如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時(shí),其前面要用in。要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容詞,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35.[誤]
Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?[正]
Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?[析]
beside是"在……旁邊",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不僅……而且……,除了……以外還有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類(lèi)物體中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同種類(lèi)的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat則要加從句。36.[誤]
CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?[正]
CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?[正]
CanIwritetheexampaperinink?[析]
with后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具,而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。正誤辨析37.[誤]
I'mearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.[正]
I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.[析]在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞,否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。bytaxi=inataxi
bytrain=inatrain
bybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onaship
byboat=inaboat
bybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運(yùn)
byland陸運(yùn)bysea海運(yùn)
onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38.[誤]
AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.[正]
AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.[析]
madeof是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化,而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39.[誤]
ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.[正]
ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.[析]關(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞,其中on表示某專(zhuān)業(yè)用書(shū),about則為某方面的普通讀物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識(shí)。正誤辨析40.[誤]
Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.[正]
Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.[析]
keytothedoor門(mén)的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬(wàn)不要用of。41.[誤]
TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.[正]
TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.[析]
haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。42.[誤]
Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.[正]
Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.[析]
beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43.[誤]
Hewasgoodforskating.[正]
Hewasgoodatskating.[析]
begoodat為"擅長(zhǎng)某事",而begoodforsomebody為對(duì)某人很好。44.[誤]
Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.[正]
Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.[析]這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為:你真太好了,幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45.[誤]
Myparentswereverypleasedatme.[正]
Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.[正]
Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.[析]
bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。正誤辨析46.[誤]
Heisagreewithme.[誤]
Heagainstsme.[正]
Heagreeswithme.
[正]
Heisagainstme.[析]同意agree為動(dòng)詞,而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。47.[誤]
Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.[正]
Ihaven'theardfromhim.[析]
hearfrom即為:從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。48.[誤]
Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?[正]
Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?[析]作為"拜訪"講callat其后接地點(diǎn),如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。49.[誤]
Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?[正]
Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?[析]
inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有:inbed(睡覺(jué)),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危險(xiǎn)中),injoy(高興),ingoodhealth(身體好),inlove(戀愛(ài)),introuble(困境),與之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(擺脫困境),outofdate(過(guò)時(shí)了),
outoforder(出故障)正誤辨析50.[誤]
Helookedatmeatsurprise.[正]
Helookedatmeinsurprise.[析]
surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首,Toone'ssurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.51.[誤]
Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.[正]
Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.[析]
becauseof后接名詞,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.例題解析1-Thankyou___
thebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor[答案]
D.[析]由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。2Canyouanswerthisquestion___
English?AbyBinCwithDfrom[答案]
B.[析]
in表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.3Look___
themap___
China___
thewall,please.Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on[答案]
D.[析]
lookat為"看",而onthewall為"在墻表面掛著",而inthewall則是"在墻內(nèi)",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)洞。4-WhendidMr.GreenarriveinLondon?-Hearrivedthere___
theeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto[答案]
C.[析]
intheevening/afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。例題解析5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___
ourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween
[答案]
C.6Thetwinsgotonwell___
theirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout[答案]
C.[析]
getonwellwith與人相處很好。7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcome___
Saturdayevening.AinBatConDfor[答案]
C.8
Let'shurry,
orwe'llbelate___
schoolAtoBatCwithDfor[答案]
D.[析]
belatefor,而
comelateto,如:
Don'tcomelatetoschool9
Theywillhaveamathstest___
twodaysAforBatCinDafter[答案]
C.[析]三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,
afterthreedays是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍,即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。例題解析10
Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___A1989,
MarchBinMarch,
1989CMarch,
1989D1989,
inMarch[答案]
B.[析]在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用on。11
Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem___
yourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith[答案]
A.[析]在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是沒(méi)有你的幫助則用
withoutyourhelp12
Grannytookonelookatus___
herglassesAbyBthroughConDin[答案]
B.[析]
through為穿過(guò)……。13
Wehadourbreakfast___
aquarter___
sevenA/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to[答案]C.[析]具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為:我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。14IlearnFrench___theradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat[答案]A.[析]從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組ontheradio。例題解析15
It'sgoodmannerstowait___
lineAinBonCatDwith[答案]
A.[析]
inline為排隊(duì)。16
HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___
lastterm?AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof[答案]
A.[析]
bytheendof為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間,與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合17
Themanagerwasverysatisfied___
hisworkAinBonCaboutDwith[答案]
D.[析]
besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。18
JohnhitJack___
faceAontheB.intheC.onhisD.inhis[答案]
B.[析]英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人,然后加介詞+the+身體部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。19
Iwasborn___
thenight___
September15,
1978Ain,
onBat,
onCat,
inDon,
of[答案]
D.[析]在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。例題解析20
It'sabadmannertolaugh___
peoplewhentheyare___
troubleAover,
inBat,
inCin,
atDat,
for
[答案]
B.[析]
laughat嘲笑某人,
laughover笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈拢?/p>
introuble陷入困境。21
Ican'tdothisworkwell___
Tom'shelpAunderBforCwithoutDfrom[答案]
C.22
Don'tshout___
theoldwoman。Youshouldbemorepolite___
her.Ato,
atBat,
toCin,
forDfrom,
for[答案]
B.[析]
shoutat為"沖某人喊叫",而
bepolitetosomebody為"對(duì)某人和氣。"23
Wemustbestrict___
ourselves___
everythingAwith,
inBin,
withCwith,
toDto,
of[答案]
A.[析]
bestrictwith對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。24
Hewenttothefootballmatch___
lunchlastSundayAtoBwithoutCbehindDbetween[答案]
B.[析]
withoutlunch未吃午飯。例題解析25
Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded___
1949AwithBonCsinceDin[答案]
D.[析]在年代前用in。因句子是過(guò)去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí),所以不能用since。26
MrBlackgottoHangzhou___
afewdaysAinBafterConDat[答案]B.[析]這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為:幾天之后
Mr.Black到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi)一定要做完某事,所以選B。27
-Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___
yourEnglishstudy?-Yes,
hehasAfromBwithConDin[答案]
C.[析]給予某一方面問(wèn)題的忠告其介詞用on。28
Youmaydepend___
himHeis___
honestmanAon,
aBin,
anCon,
anDat,
the[答案]
C.[析]
dependon為"依靠某人或某事",而
honest的首字母
h不發(fā)音。29___
myjoy,
IcananswerthisquestionAWithBToCByDFor[答案]
B.[析]
Toone'sjoy意為"使我高興的是。"例題解析30
Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___
thewordinthedictionaryAforBatCupDafter[答案]
C.[析]
lookfor尋找,
lookat看,
lookafter照顧,
lookup查字典。31Alittlemonkeyisplaying___
atreeandtherearealotofbananas___
itAon,
onBin,
onCon,
inDin,
in[答案]
B.[析]樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)為
onthetree而其他外來(lái)之物要用
inthetree,表達(dá)在樹(shù)上。32Igotoschool___
buseverymorning.A.inB.byC.onD.at[答案]
B.[析]
by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某種交通工具去某地。33Noonelikesaperson___
badmanners.A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with[答案]
D.[析]
w
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