**歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編2021.03.07被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)歐陽(yáng)光明(2021.03.07)二．概念表示動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系的句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。①英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Catseatfish.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))貓吃魚(yú)。Fishiseatenbycats.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))魚(yú)被貓吃。二．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法⑴動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語(yǔ)。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的。三．構(gòu)成形式由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)肯定句主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+done過(guò)去主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)**歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編2021.03.072021.03.072021.03.07分詞)+was/were+done+shall/willbe+done主語(yǔ)+begoingtobedone否定句主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+done主語(yǔ)+was/were+notdone主語(yǔ)+shall/willbe+notdone一般疑問(wèn)句Am/ls/Are+主語(yǔ)+done?Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+done?Will/Shall+主語(yǔ)+be+done?特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+am/is/are+主語(yǔ)+done?特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+done?特殊疑問(wèn)詞+will/shall+主語(yǔ)+bedone?四．主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.執(zhí)行者動(dòng)詞承受者tIwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.打承受者謂語(yǔ)by+執(zhí)行者.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be+過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。*歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編**歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編2021.03.07**歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編2021.03.07五．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十be+過(guò)去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為T(mén)heboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.六．注意事項(xiàng)：1?不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：happen,takeplace,appear,hold（容納）系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：look,feel,sound,smell,taste….如：Thedishtastesgood.有些詞組沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.need表示需要時(shí)，后面常接doing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于tobedone.如：Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtoberepaired練習(xí)一．出下列句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、Novelsentrancemanyreaders.2、Whenwillyoupaintyourhouse?3、Thecheckwillbedeliveredwhentheyareready.4、Manycountriesareexperiencingdrought.5、Manycountrieshaveexperienceddrought.二：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Wewatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.ThewindblewhishatdownthestreetTheyaskmetohelpthem.Hefoundthedoorclose.TheywillsendCyriltoprison.Thesecretarywillmailtheseletterstomorrow.Someoneoughttowashthosedishesrightway.Thefactoryproduced5000carseveryday.Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.NancyJacksondesignedtheCDROM.()1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.GreatchangesinChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened()5.AtalkonChinesehistoryinthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Thesebooks.Somanypeopleareinterestedinthem.A.aresoldwellB.sellwellC.sellgoodD.sellbadly()8.NeitheroftheminChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made()9.Ifsmalltrees,theywillgrowupquickly.A.takegoodcareofB.takegoodcareC.aretakengoodcareofD.aretakengoodcare()10.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()11.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()12.When___thiskindofcomputers?Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()14.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()15.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Whothisbook?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()17.Maryshowmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump2021.03.072021.03.07**歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編2021.03.07*歐陽(yáng)光明*創(chuàng)編()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter四．用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空Whenthefirstmanmadesatellite(send)upintospace?Lastyearvegetables(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe(sell)themhimself.She(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.Howmanymagazines(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?John(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.－Who(save)herfather?－He(save)bythatpoli